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Photographic 

Sciences 

Corporation 


23  WEST  MAIN  STREET 

WEBSTER,  N.Y.  14580 

(716)872-4503 


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CIHM/ICMH 

Microfiche 

Series. 


CIHM/ICMH 
Collection  de 
microfiches. 


Canadian  Institute  for  Historical  Microreproductions  /  institut  Canadian  de  microreproductions  historiques 


^i 


Technical  and  Bibliographic  Notes/Notes  techniques  at  bibliographiques 


The  Institute  has  attempted  :o  obtain  the  best 
original  copy  available  for  filming.  Features  of  this 
copy  which  may  be  bibliographically  unique, 
which  may  alter  any  of  the  images  in  the 
reprodL'ction.  or  which  may  significantly  change 
the  usual  method  of  filming,  are  checked  below. 


L'Institut  a  microfilm^  le  meilleur  exemplali'e 
qu'il  lui  a  itd  possible  de  se  procurer   Les  details 
de  cet  exemplaire  qui  sont  peut-dtre  uniques  du 
point  de  vue  bibliog/'aphique,  qui  peuvent  modifier 
une  image  reproduite,  ou  qui  peuvent  exiger  une 
modification  dans  la  m^thode  normale  de  filmage 
sont  indiquis  ci-dbssous. 


□ 


Coloured  covers/ 
Couverture  de  couleur 

Covers  damaged/ 
Couverture  endommagde 

Covers  restored  and/or  laminated/ 
Couverture  restaurde  et/ou  pelliculde 


r~r/  Cover  title  missing/ 

Le  titre  de  couverture  manque 


a 
n 


Coloured  maps/ 

Cartes  gdographiques  en  couleur 

Coloured  ink  (i.e.  other  than  blue  or  black)/ 
Encre  de  couleur  (i.e.  autre  que  bleue  ou  noire) 

Coloured  plates  and/or  illustrations/ 
Planches  et/ou  illustrations  en  couleur 

Bound  v»'ith  other  material/ 
Relid  avec  d'autres  documents 


D 

D 

n 


/ 


□ 

D 
D 
D 


Coloured  pages/ 
Pages  de  couleur 

Pages  damaged/ 
Pages  endommagdes 

Pages  restored  and/or  laminated/ 
Pages  restaurdes  et/ou  pellicul^es 

Pages  discoloured,  stained  or  foxed/ 
Pages  d^colordes,  tachetdes  ou  piqudes 

Pages  detached/ 
Pages  d6tach6es 

Showthrough/ 
Transparence 

Quality  of  print  varies^ 
Qualitd  indgale  de  I'impression 

Includes  supplementary  material/ 
Comprend  du  matdiiel  suppl^mentaire 


n 


n 


Tight  binding  may  cause  shadows  or  distortion 
along  interior  margin/ 

Lareliure  serr6e  peut  causer  de  I'ombre  ou  de  la 
distortion  le  long  de  la  marge  intdrieure 

Blank  leaves  added  during  restoration  may 
appear  within  the  text.  Whenever  possible,  these 
have  been  omitted  from  filming/ 
II  se  peut  que  certaines  pages  blanches  ajoutdes 
lors  d'une  restauration  apparaissent  dans  le  texte. 
mais,  lorsque  cela  6tait  possible,  ces  pages  n'ont 
pas  dt6  filmdes. 


D 
D 


Only  edition  available/ 
Seule  Edition  disponible 

Pages  wholly  or  partially  obscured  by  errata 
slips,  tissues,  etc.,  have  been  refilmed  to 
ensure  the  best  possible  image/ 
Les  pages  totalement  ou  partiellement 
obscurcies  par  un  feuillet  d'errata,  une  pelure, 
etc.,  ont  6x6  film^es  d  nouveau  de  facon  d 
obtenir  la  meilleure  image  possible. 


D 


Additional  comments:/ 
Commentaires  suppl6mentaires; 


This  item  is  filmed  at  the  reduction  ratio  checked  below/ 

Ce  document  est  film6  au  taux  de  reduction  indiqud  ci-dessous. 


10X 

14X 

18X 

22X 

26X 

30X 

2 

19X 

IfiX 

20X 

24X 

28X 

32X 

The  copy  filmed  here  has  been  reproduced  thanks 
to  the  generosity  of: 

Library  ot  Congress 
Photoduplication  Service 

The  images  appearing  here  are  the  best  quality 
possible  considering  the  condition  and  legibility 
of  the  original  copy  and  in  keeping  with  the 
filming  contract  specifications. 


L'exemplaire  fiimd  fut  reproduit  grdce  A  la 
g^nirosit^  de: 

Library  of  Congress 
Photoduplication  Service 

Les  images  suivantes  ont  dt6  reproduites  avec  le 
plus  grand  soin,  compie  tenu  de  la  condition  et 
do  la  nettet^  de  l'exemplaire  film6,  et  en 
conformity  avec  les  conditions  du  contrat  de 
filmage. 


Original  copies  in  printed  paper  covers  are  filmed 
beginning  with  the  front  cover  and  ending  on 
the  last  page  with  a  printed  or  illustrated  impres- 
sion, or  the  back  cover  when  appropriate.  All 
other  original  copies  are  filmed  beginning  on  the 
first  page  with  a  printed  or  illustrated  impres- 
sion, and  ending  on  the  last  page  with  a  printed 
or  illustrated  impression. 


The  last  recorded  frame  on  each  microfiche 
shall  contain  the  symbol  — ^-  (meaning  "CON- 
TINUED"), or  the  symbol  V  (meaning  "END"), 
whichever  applies. 

Maps,  plates,  charts,  etc.,  may  be  filmed  at 
different  reduction  ratios.  Those  too  large  to  be 
entirely  included  in  one  exposure  are  filmed 
beginning  in  the  upper  'eft  hand  corner,  left  to 
right  and  top  to  bottom,  as  many  frames  as 
required.  The  following  diagrams  illustrate  the 
method: 


Les  exemplaires  originaux  dont   ^  couverture  sn 
papier  est  imprim6e  sont  film^s  en  commenpant 
par  le  premier  plat  et  en  terminant  soit  par  la 
dernidre  page  qui  comoorte  uno  empreinte 
d'impression  ou  d'illu&tration,  soit  par  le  second 
plat,  solon  le  cas.  Tous  les  autres  exemplaires 
originaux  sont  filmds  en  commenpant  par  la 
premidre  page  qui  comporto  une  empreinte 
d'impression  ou  d'illustration  et  en  terminant  par 
la  dbrnidre  page  qui  comporte  une  telle 
empreinte. 

Un  des  symboles  suivants  apparaitra  sur  la 
dernidre  image  de  cheque  microfiche,  selon  le 
cas:  le  symbole  — »•  signifie  "A  SUIVRE  ",  le 
symbole  V  signifie  "FIN". 

Les  cartes,  planches,  tableaux,  etc.,  peuvent  dtre 
film^s  d  des  taux  de  reduction  diffdrents. 
Lorsque  le  document  est  trop  grand  pour  dtre 
reproduit  en  un  seul  clich6,  il  est  film6  d  partir 
de  Tangle  sup^rieur  gauche,  de  gauche  d  droite, 
et  de  haut  en  bas,  en  prenant  le  nombre 
d'images  n6cessaire.  Les  diagrammes  suivants 
illustrent  la  m6thode. 


1  2  3 


32X 


1 

2 

3 

4 

5 

6 

f. 


, 


L-^^^JMMijI 


mm^^^ 


■papfwrni.  I,  iii»»pilPPWPlT|iiH". WWP— «— — WWPWWyi* 


CAPtAMJl  HAIili 


i« 


AMERICA. 


<-;*'>  :«• 


Thi  following  Remarlui  were,  in  iabst«|ioa,  prepared,  not 
1on(|  after  the  appearanee  of  the  work  to  whieh  f  ney  refer,  for 
(he  uupeetiou  m  a  (BOtleaMui  in  this  coantay,  to  whoae  kinoMaa 
the  writer  had  been  largely  indebted.  In  the  nidat,  indeed^  of 
nitttiuilfnd  veryiinoer)  oongratulation  on  the  eordialUy  iH:leh 
aeemed  ao  happily  to  prerail  between  the  two  nationa,  Captain 
Hall  eaoM  haatily  to  inform  oa,  that  therrexiated,  on  the  con- 
temtyt  a  mirit  6i  **  flitttaa^aafaaiOidlty"~-«id  while  he  pledjed  a 
•  ^Hiole  Un'a  obeerfiation  aa  to  ita  general  |n«vaienee  in  Oraat 
IMtjOn,  referred  to  hia  late  trip  ^  lite  fJniled  Stataa  aa  having 
•atianed  bim  that*  c(Krreq»onding  tamper  waa  to  be  found  in  that 
eountry.  The  intelligeiMe  waa  no  leaa  paiaftii  than  onexpeeled, 
partiealariy  when  followed  n|)>  by  a  atom  deelaration  that  any 
attampi  to  aoften  theae  *<  unkindly  feettnjpi"  waa  not  **  eithivr 
]H«etiflabla  ot  deairableL"  It  waa  natnral,  andnraudi  eireum- 
ataneea,  thrt  hia  book  diottM  be  eloaely  looked  into,  for  the  par* 
poae  of  aaoertiining  the  tnnjMr  and  qualifleationa  with  wUmA  bo 
Bad  enteradoB  hlataak  and  Dean  led  to  eoajduidoiia  beUeftd  tobia 
aaemneooiaallify  ate  lamentable.  The  tellowing  paMa  diieloae 
.  IfceraaoltoftltttiaDttDiiaation.  T1ieyai«no#pabuAedoi^ttM 
'  awggeatkw-«4iaitw|p|i »  faiii  one  that  th»y  taJWrtt  grattar  ugA' 
ehr  and  eare  ttatt  Save  boM  «iaewhered^^yed  in  reforeawe  tn 
what  moat  be  deemad  the  priaMMry  objeet  of  aoHeitnde,  with 
•1)  ttnaa  wike  haM  at  faeavt  «>e  eontinoanee  of  peace  wiA  of  a 
imyil  gaod'tindmal^dfaHE.  The  writer  haabM  the  tid  of  the 
jodipettt  of  otMn  in  belfortng  that,  aKhoogh  they  tnd|ihit  no 
of  .i&iMmt  towwda  wa  eoontn^  th«re  vdll  bo  fooiad 
;  111^  rfMM^y  In  fUraaaa,  defefW  pnnflae  of  aallnly 
ig  tDTMpon,  Ud  «f  endeayoorinin"  diattpain  wtal  be 


'■n^ 


■  'b 


^'i 


the  peopl.  of  tlw  United  SlalM,  whi!«  «*V«~  ^)»«2JS!!^ 
ye.  listen  with  p^tlpacf  to  til  that um  b» «tr«dl  IndwofMlo*  « 
their  in«tit.uUoni,  «.i.l  of  ihfir  grMt  m«o,  5»  th«  hope  ij^mijt 

«Nfui»  though  unp«l»Ubl«,  Inith.    m  wfltwr  hM  M  w  » 

BKtbhVoWie,   HowinEi««oinirWtoyiJ|^«J«;«^^ 
penoii«Cwmo«t  liMy  to  '^•^'^^^•yfe'l^iffaSfSk 


Fair  tdvantof^-fltct  •  wrilcv  ^f  »«£•  "SLSnES^ 
feftir,  ••  ont  of  thoM  -»»«  t«»«rW  for  tbo  intenom  dlitl»«ll|i» 


of  boing  th*  I 


of  X  trMr;y.""x^wni  »*>«»» JFf«[^ 
Quito  untrtinmone*!  to  i|t  olocfl  an.  tho  writer  to  floattt^AHMt^ 
Sf  Ao^wmJ^  nrtio«^  follita  0/  .otielpolioii.  to  mMa^ff 
Srit"toJiSMefewttce  U>  Which  f«Nbwl  i|jr  •>  0^  h»a»- 

thU  to^wra  ^mbukn  ii|*wiir  to  ^i*  «J  •fSJ^of  ?f  NgHg 

loftl 


«lMK 


^a^^^^g^s**^*^ 


inertdttloa^ 
nrogptioBof 


■"—  '"' — in  ,1      *imum 


Jill  III  ,m%^.  .  u 


nowMi  t»^ 
n|wr  of  tlM 


atfroaiiiMlk. 
point.    Mor^f 

toi|iNrl|»«»'- 
Humt  lUBetiU 

i«pr«MnaeM. 
iMMitvtitbe 


JViBll  WiM  tl 
It 


bokliBg  up  •  lifM  to  iiit  9m%  MiMtMMiMt,  aadl  auabliog  thoM 
wh«  waioh  hit  novvncnts  to  ■••  how  eomplotoly  hi«  eyai  «r« 


But  ■  prolimiiMrjr  qutttio*  mty  bo  atlod-^OM  Jlo*Mf 
WiMr  thb  Morlild  Mxiotjr  «boat  wtM  ia  tbooiM  or  Mia  of  yo« 
iii8aj|l«i4r  WlijnotwMp]ro«Ml«o»iip'lnllioiB<liAt«MO 
•U  diiiMR  whioli  tht  loorial  Iim  foMwiiwJtd,  ood  imMik  to 
Mon,  or  roturn  with  iimwil,  tlMM  >«iuiliio41y  boliM?*  •( 
wdioli  iM  ipodktl  •«  Do  wo  wwvy  cjmI  frat  ouioolvoo^lMat 
wlMlit«iMof«fiaAiMri(*^  Coftaialjrooi**  "ImuitMy, 
tiMl  I  hoiNi  olwrn  tiioMcbitliio  fort  i»f  «M4|Mio«a  tlMir  port  • 
littlo onriMiooihk,  ond  tl^i  our  frioo4«  onr  UN^wator nv* 
lUMtlffoo  noo41o(ii  Mor#4ffMMoti  shoot  •  imXm  wMdiil 
wwM  ho^  8|aN  dU;«i(ii#ie  diflMprd  aMoMthv.''  m^ 
oittilBppfaigloionwktiMttholMiMr  haroMoooMMndod  to 

AHMlMib  MiMii^liMlWlNith  iho  km^im  hffOMMOOO- 

mmA  M  eM»hio|h"iiMt%ithotr<wiiiK  !■  ifpiy  to  aMeh  ooorte 
iiimiMKOo»<oNfcWlhogoqr«»liS3iiitoVMeh  thoio- 
mC^mIo  of  ari(oM.«aMiolroMli%  ««iifH|l  IhoMMlvoi— tho 
wrttar  tmf  MMwi  thol  H  to  ■Mraoljr  pttwihiB  fin-  thio  amoid 
hotii«llOiro«plaloofioUMt]riUniaodotiBMrtatot%  Tb«o 
•TO  MMi]^«Hrik7nMf9<«--fOintoor  diMOMioftwUoh  wiliiulnM.. 
ly  Mrinf  01^  hitwioft  tbo  ttpo  oowrtrioft  ih  thoorwt^  t  wor 

iO  SotOpO*  Md  O  W^  MV«0k  oil  ftoM  l|Nfc*««IIWM4P|iil  ho. 

irM>  ho  wottiaf  loJkilMllo  whttovir  tt  mmf  l%hl  «■  ol  ra  in^^ 


I,  o»  wdi  ft  airi^e^  «| 
lr#ii.ni9:iwiho  «i> 


To  i«telflotellio  liMmgfror  _...^. 
Oioot  Britiia,  rnm^JLn  tho  writii«o 

lOOoM  iaMMtfr  IMM  HiiAhdoAMio^    II , 

iMfthy'«vo»oC-ohM|ifi»  mA 

thid  tbjriuoMi^to  hi  iniioi^^H|>.gNNtllfi,lEt^^ 

iravAi  ft  gifitt  otrafil^^triiioh  w%#l«M  alMriiNm 

ei9iii#.u»  l#:iiil>pii<iitBi»^ww1wi^-loWNiiw<<»'. 
tfiMM»i|»0fw^'pp9riii<fto  li^d^MiMr 
m  IMMM  dT  ^riUo^  am  ttHllod  o#  hM 

1^  Til  IWilA*'^  ' 


J 


■■nti' 


■^'•iSW 


!» 


If 


hnd  al  ihc  next  turn  of  affair.,  he  may  b«  found  the  w.HinganJ 
?;»  por«tca  auxiliary  of  a  power   which,  .1  '«"»;  h«  """'J 
pjetend  to  charge  wllh  having  violated  that  (iood  J-aith  which 
ft  I.  his  own  great  boaat  to  hove  alw.y.  n,o«t  -"''P"»7.«>y  "^; 
iervcd      England  muat  feel  that  the  ateelyarda  by  which  ahn 
Tm  heretofore  sought  to  adjust  the  baluaco  of  Kurope,  are  at 
SSI  moment  rendered  ««,leM  by  the  weight  o    the  Autoca  J 
Tnd  .he  i.  aufficiently  diapoaedto  f -"^ ''•^•^^ V.K.  Turk  a  i 
into  the  scale.     The  late  overstrained  civility  of  W»e  Turk  isa 
ci  eumstancc  which,  at  Icaat  amongst  all  the  tribe,  of  the  Abo. 
J  gtne.  of  America,  has  lK,en  invariably  found  the  surest  .ndic.- 
timi  of  a  deadly  and  woll-concertwl  scheme  of  hostility.    When 
it  shall  be  ascertained,  then,  that  Turkey  i.  now  a  mere  maaked 
battery  of  Uussia  on  the  DunlnncUos,  it  will  probably  be  difficult 
for  England  to  avoid  adopting  some  decisive  measures,    tome 
when  the  struggle  may.  it  will  of  course,  so  far  as  she  is  con- 
Torned,  be  carJied  on  iy  her  Navy,  and  In  sintv  day.  after  Its 
commencement,  the  United  State,  will  be  in  a  rfame,  In  conse- 
quTnco  of  that  practice  of  Imvrtssment  which  ••Ithor.zes  ever  / 
Kitish  naval  ofricer  to  take  forcibly  from  Amenean  sh.ps  ,uch 
aeamcn  as-in  his  anxiety  to  complete  his  crew-he  mav  ohoose 
to  oronounce  British  subjects.     Is  it  not  worth  a  struggle,  then, 
onX  part  of  the  m  .ral  and  reflecting  of  both  countne.,  to  de. 
nJecate  a  temper  which  will  render  the  calm  discussion  of  such 
Tsub^^ct  quite  hopeless?    Wfiat  P0-«^''«  '^^f "♦JK^X Jf^h' 
from  the  vulgar  and  stupid  invective  which,  in  a  work  of   he 

.landing  of  L  Quarterly  Review,  « '^"•V'f  y  Prr„/oe?e! 
United  Stat::fl?  The  very  same  number  which  condemns  Uene- 
ra?  Washington  to  speeJy  oblivion,  u«,s  the  foHomng  laajpi^ge 
with  regard  to  another  favourite  of  the  American  people-      »«- 
ne  1  Jackson  I.  now  at  the  /op  qfthe  '«^- .^o^. '°"8  ^«  "^^ 
mainUin."  *c.    "The  American  statesman  is  but  born  to  die 
TnTte  forgotten.    The  Monroes,  and  Madisone.  and  Jeffersons, 
;;«  sunUnto  the  common  herd.     We  do  know  that  General 
Jackson's  conduct  at  New  Orleans  was  not  such  as  m  the  bng- 
lih  army  would  have  promoted  the  captain  of  a  company  to  a 
maiori^  "  Surely,  this  kind  of  language  i.  calculated  to  answer 
rS  purpoi^  whatever;  whilst  its  most  obvious  effect  ..to 
OTcite  a  d.ep  feeling  of  resentment  towards  the  only  people  from 
Xm  it  i.  Seard.  ^  Whither  are  our  repelled  affection,  to  turn? 
The  offer  by  the  late  Emperor  Alexander  of  hi.  mediaUon  be- 
ivin  Great  Britain  and  the  United  SUtes  '^^^Vr^'^^^yj^^ 
cepted  by  u.,  and  the  conteroptoou.  rcjec*)n  of  it  by  the  other 
Srty  WM  h^rd  of  only  after  the  American  ()omm.M.oner»  had 
Erived  at  St.  Petersburgh,  and  been  received  with  the  u  most 
wimth  of  klndne«.     The  uniform  courte.y--the  /"endly  in- 
to^t  on  all  occa.ion8-the  solid  act.  of  i*rvice  of  that  >llu,. 
Irioot  perwnage,  have  mwle  a  deep  unpieesion  on  the  imnd»  of 


0  witling  an<i 
It,  ho  cannot 

Faith  which 
ipulouilv  ob- 
:)y  which  aho 
urop«,  are  at 
the  Autocrat} 
like  Hrennut, 
the  Turk  in  a 
•  of  the  Abo- 
sureat  imlict- 
tility.    When 
mere  maaked 
Illy  be  diflftcult 
idtireii.    Come 
as  she  i»  con- 
daya  after  ita 
ime,  In  conae- 
thorizca  cvcrr 
can  ahipa  such 
he  may  ohooae 
itrugglo,  then, 
(untricfl,  to  de- 
:u88ion  of  auch 
lagc  can  reault 
a  work  of  the 
poured  on  the 
ndcmna  Oene- 
iwinglanguafi^ 
people:  •'  Oe- 
IV  long  he  may 
lut  born  to  die 
and  Jefiersona, 
3  that  General 
aa  in  the  Eng- 

1  company  to  a 
lated  to  answer 
ious  effect  is  to 
»ly  people  from 
actions  to  turn? 
s  mediation  be- 
ts promptly  ac- 
1  it  by  the  other 
amisaioners  had 
mth  the  utmost 
*he  friendly  in- 
ce  of  that  tllua- 
onthemiadsof 


Uie  Am«ricanf,  who  IfA  grateful  even  for  kind  wordi.  It  li 
acarooly  noccasiiry  to  add,  that  the  momorahio  declaration  of 
Uuaaia  on  the  aubjeot  of  Neutral  Rights  in  i7H(),*  is  to  the  last 
degree  aceeptable'to  the  United  States.  The  Abbe  do  Pradt,  re> 
forring  to  the  commercial  advantages  of  Sweden,  anticipates  the 
time  when  her  sAiiors,  <'  reunis  avec  los  marina  des  autrea  puis* 
sanccs  do  I'Europe  forceront  pcut  etro  (^uclquo  jour  I'Anglo- 


tcrre  a  temperor  par  li  justice  roxer«i«c  de  sa  superiority  mari* 
time."     Why  compel  America  to  look  forward  with  pleasure 


to  auch  a  period  aa  bearing  upon  Iho  fortunes  of  a  apiteful,  li- 
bellouB,  and  malignant  enemy? 

Hut  it  ia  high  time  to  revert  to  CapUin  Hall's  Travels.  The 
whole  of  the  work,  except  what  rclatea  to  the  personal  move- 
meats  of  the  Captain  and  his  family,  cunaista  or  a  comparison 
between  the  institutions,  character,  and  manners  of  the  Ameri- 
cans, compared  with  thoito  of  (ircat  Britain,  alwaya  to  the  dis- 
fedvantago  of  the  former,  and  generally  conveyed  in  terma  bit- 
terly saroaatie  and  contemptuous.  It  will  puxzle  the  reader  to 
understand  how  he  oould  express,  on  the  one  hand,  more  of  eu- 
logium,  or,  on  the  other  of  reprobation;  and  yet  there  is  found, 
at  pa||e  14  of  his  Arst  volume,  the  following  extraordinary  de- 
claration:—-«<  Every  word  I  now  publiah  to  the  world,  I  have 
repeatedly  and  openly  spoken  in  company  in  all  parts  of  the 
United  States;  or,  if  there  be  any  difference  between  the  lan- 
guage I  there  uaod  in  oonveraation  and  that  in  which  I  now 
write,  I  am  sure  it  will  not  be  found  to  consist  in  overstatement, 
but  rather  the  contrary."  And  again:  "  I  repeated  openly,  and 
in  all  companies,  every  thing  I  have  written  in  these  volumes, 
and  a  great  deal  more  than,  upon  cool  reflection,  I  choose  to  say 
ogain."  «♦  I  never  yet  saw  an  American  out  of  temper:  I  fear  I 
cannot  soy  half  ao  much  for  myself,"  &c.  The  additional  bit- 
ternesa  imparted  to  his  oral  communications  could  not  have 
been  in  subsUnoe,  but  niiust  have  been  in  manner;  and  this  idea 
is  strengthened  bv  another  paragraph:  *' The  lady's  suspicions, 
however,  inaUntlytook  fire  on  seeing  the  eapreasion  qf  my 
countenance."  That  his  own  deportment  was  uniformly  qf- 
fennve,  may  be  inferred  from  his  complaining  with  an  amusing 
naivete,  "They  were  eternally  on  the  dtjensive."  Another 
favourite  topic,  and  one  which  he  good-naturedly,  urged  upon 
the  Americans  on  all  occasions,  w«i  their  utter  insignificance  in 
the  scale  of  nations.  "  I  will  now  ask,  aa  1  have  qflen  aaked, 
any  candid  American,  how  it  would  have  been  possible  for 
us  to  look  across  the  murky  tempest  of  such  days,  in  order  to 
take  a  distinct  view,  or  any  view  at  all,  of  a  country  lying  so 
far  from  us  as  America."  "  They  oannbt,  or  when  brought 
#1  close  auarters,  they  aeldom  deny  that  they  have  done  ecarce- 
ly  any  thing,"  &c, 

•  8«e  Anmial  Reghter  for  that  jr««r,  p.  3i7. 


t 


The  r«ioal««  ••♦«  to  '»«i^  *»«««>  '*»«  p«c»jHir  objiw*!*  of  hU  ■ 
cotia  ••tood."  tn^  •««n»rw»lon  of  oounUwaiw*."    Thui, 


.  on 
vMlint  ill*  High-ichool  fur  fifS«,  it  Nsw  York,  Cap'^sn  HaU 
raquctied  thai  th«  po«m  of  HohmHndtn  might  be  refil**!. 
TWt  bavlnt  »>••»>  «*«»»•.  •«**  *>'■  opl»'«»»  «'*•"•  *' '  •"?!»«*»." 
MTS  ho,  "IhOT*  i«M«o»i»*/A<n/r  <*•  wy  tone  which  did  not  quUe 
■tUify  iht  good  (iehooliiil»ir««i"  and  aha  aaked  him  to  atato  hit 
obJMiioiia.  Ho  floinpUln#,  accordlnftly,  that  "in  K"«'*"f  •  t*"" 
word  combat  waa  pronouncod  aa  If  tho  Oj  In  tho  Am  •.•liable, 
wai  wrltl«o  u,  enmbal,  and  that  Inatwad  of  aavlnc  Mvalrv,  the 
ch,  with  us,  waa  aou  Jed  hacd»  aa  In  the  word  ehtn. "  It  !•  not 
•0  mu«h  with  kto  orlUeiam  wo  havo  at  preient  to  do,  aa  with  tho 
rnoorlnsquoaUoo  with  which  he  roprooanta  himaelf  to  haTO  impb- 
(oood  it  ^'Prty,"  Mkl  ho,  •«  !•  It  Inlonded  that  tho  ^A»  ahould 
pronouneo  tho  worda  aooordini  to  tho  roiolred  uaage  In  Eng'fndj 
or  according  to  #om«./f»iMHc<ifi  wtriatUm  In  tono  ot  omphaaia? 

Tho  uftirertal  hoaplttlUy  with  whieh  Captain  Hall  wto  re- 
celTod  aeoma  to  bivo  oiollod  hia  aowlclon.  *•  Ew/  one,  aa 
uaual,  moro  kliA  than  another,  and  all »  antioot  to  bn  itaeftil. 
Ho  tlo,  it  ia  tnio,  of  tho  "  goodly  auppora  of  ovalor  aoop,  ham, 
Mbd0,  lohrtora,  iooo«  ond  >IHo%  to  aay  ■othfng  of  tho  cham- 
3gn«,  rioh  old  Mtdolrf,  fr«lt»,  ind  •wootmoota,  and  varioua 
JthS  good  thiJi«i»'  yot  ho  moaod  oTor  aU  thia.  It  woro  an  air 
of  oonoort.  "TForogwl  thoy  »ro  in  a  Ulo,"  Myi  tho  aagMloM 
tod  wary  Dogborry.  on  hearing  Mh  prlaoaort  proteat  their  io- 
^^JS:  Wlfatooold  tho  erafkjr  Yi«(«*»  m^n  by  thn.  fttton. 
ioM  him  up?  What  ulterior  object*  had  Ihev?  At  length,  with 
hi!  MCttatomod  Ingenuity,  ho  oootriTod  to  framo  an  hypotheala 

Which  Mttlod  tbo5l«<«iIty.  Thlt  Mr*'"!ZJ'!'i^°%"  '" 
i  kind  of  aaporatitioua  fooling  about  thofr  dowfty  hatred  of  Eng- 

chuRdi  in  old  time*,  m  a  oort  of  oompro«i»  with  conaolenco, 
for h«*ouring  tho  most unohrlatlwiMko proponiiUoa.  AnAn»e- 

tomljM  up.  br  hlf  ottwtlon  to  indi;ra«I«lt,  for  thoJ<iW/«fl' 
hofltUily  wkkK  ai  »  aoft  of  duty,  thoy  tppoar  coUooUtroly  to 

"^  SSiSf^irnf  "tT;  mm,  \m  tte  feUowlng  rt- 

^!LrZt»  U«y  « l»rti|.l«ly  kind  to .»  ••^"pfj^rfj 
bo«lviltothe«,«nd.fcwadorireof|^e«amg.  ^\^yjSt 
bo  flattofod  .  Utlk;  m  only  by  word^  hot  by  • -^^-t  PJ^ 
•MO  glTW  to  their  ««iitry.  their  mannwri,  •«<» JS'J^'*?,";' 
whiefub«teTiryi««Mpricotop.yfcrtTery«jedj^^ 

d«r.  S»i»eent«  «wr  Gil  Bla  ••  tamed  off  by  the  Abp.  of  On- 
S;£,^J^5?Wn£g  the  toith,  eftar  bevlng  been  enpre-Iy 


J«4<tii  of  hl>  Mf' 
e."  Thui,  on 
;,  Caf*iiin  HaU 
ght  00  re<>i(cd. 
'•  I  •uppoM," 
>h  did  not  quite 
him  to  ttstd  hill 
n  England,  thn 
a  Ant  ii"ltible, 

f;  Mmlru,  thn 
tn."    It  it  not 

do,  M  with  tlio 
«lf  to  hiT«  pre- 
the  L..  !■  should 
age  in  England, 
Boremphaaia?" 
n  Hall  WW  re- 
'  Eror/  one,  aa 
atolMitaefiil." 
Iter  aoop,  ham, 
I  of  the  cham- 
ita,  and  varioua 
It  wore  an  air 
r§  the  aaneiooa 
proteit  their  la- 

by  thua  fatten* 
At  length,  with 
•  an  hypothMla 
Itaa  it*  origrin  In 

hatred  of  Eng- 
ta  or  firanding  a 
rlth  eoqaeienee, 
litlea.  AnAme- 
tny  jomMtctunity 
or  the  KtthittMl 
r  coUeetiYely  to 

M»  following  re- 

•tncera  who  will 

But  they  nait 

•eemiog  |Ji*fer- 

1  their  eattoma; 

^111  reception. 
8Me,too,jn 
unnararaof  Hn 
he  Abi».  of  On- 
I  been  espreaaly 


f 

mr^trtU  to  nuuce  and  report  the  Irani  luilnrc  ol'  intellectuiil  vigour. 
But  the  Amcrininii,acc(ir<liti((to('a|itain  Hull,  maniffilflil  iiotning 
o»'thi»  Milly  weiiltneu-  Thi'y  <li<l  not  iiialin  llinr  KOipilnlity  tt  all 
coritiafcont  on  hta  wiliingnfM  td  iuimour  their  prepoMeiilona. 
Ha  aaiU  to  thoir  faoea  ail  thcc'>nl«3m|itnoua  thing*  which  we  And  in 
hit  work,  and  a  girnt  deal  more.  I'itr  ra  waa  nothing  about  him. 
of  ••  that  gnntlchiM  and  urbanity"  wliirh,  in  ti»«<  language  of  Sir 
Walter  Scott,  when  aketcliing  hia  favoiiriti^  clinractar,  "almoat 

londing  iiindne».4."     Y«'t  iheae  proph 


univcraiilly  attract  corr<^«ponu 

wcro  proof  a^ainat  uli  provocation,  (jiptain  Hall  aaya,  ho  went 
tho  length  of  declaring,  that  it  waa  "  charactrriatic'*  of  Am«ri- 
fona  to  retain  that  oninioaity  which,  with  thn  more  goneruua 
Engliahman,  had  poaae  i  oil  with  the  llnah  of  th«  giina.  't\\ty  did 
not  thruat  him  out  of  doora,  aa  tho  Archljinhop  did  Santillanc, 
wiahing  him  a  groat  deal  of  haupincaa,  with  a  little  more  tante. 
When  ho  returned  from  Canatia  to  Now  Vork,  aftnnhia  philippic 
at  Hrockville,  ho  thus  dcscrihca  hia  reception:  '•  Wo  worn  soon, 
indeed,  made  aliil  more  acnaibic  of  ouraympulhy  with  it  by  tho 
renewed  attentions  and  kind  oflicea  of  every  deacription,  on  the 
part  of  fricnda,  who  would  give  tho  clinroctcr  of  homo  to  every 
quarter  of  the  world."  lie  cxnreKscn  a  hope,  that  hia  hook  will 
he  received  "  with  the  aamofranlt  and  manly  goml  humour,  which 
I  felt  BS  tho  highrdt  cnmplimi»nf  to  my  aincerity,  and  tho  moat 
friendlyencnuragemontthatcould  poaaibly  ho  oflered  to  a  stranger 
wiahing  to  invcfltigatc  the  truth.  Had  it  iM-cn  othcrwiac,  or  had 
any  ill  temper  alipped  out  on  these  occaaiona,  my  research's 
must  have  been  cut  phort "  And  to  of  another  City,  after  hia 
return  from  tho  West,  ••  We  could  scarcely  bclicvo  that  Pliila- 
delphis,  which  however,  we  had  always  liked,  was  tho  samo 
plate,  every  thing  looked  so  clean  and  comfortable,  and  tho  peo- 
ple were  all  ao  kind,  and  so  anxioui  to  l)«?  useful,  as  if  they 
wished  to  recompense  us  for  tho  hanlships  we  had  boon  ex- 
posed to  in  tho  West."  Speaking  of  the  entire  ponulation,  ho 
declares,  "I  must  do  them  the  justice  to  say,  that  I  have  rare- 
ly met  a  more  good  naturcd,  or  perhaps,  I  should  say,  a  moro 
good  tempered  people;  for  during  the  whole  course  of  my  jour- 
ney, though  I  never  disguised  my  sentiments,  oven  when  op- 
posed to  the  avowed  favourite  opmions  of  the  company,  I  never 
yet  saw  an  American  out  of  temper."  Yet  Captain  Hall  haa 
meanly  consented  to  borrow  the  epithet  of  Tho  Quarterly  Re- 
view (No.  78,  p.  356,)  and  to  designate  tho  Americans  as 
«  this  most  thinakinned  of  all  people. '' 

Another  of  Captain  HaH'a  favourite  topics,  was,  it  seems,  a 
reference,  in  a  style  of  his  own,  to  the  War  of  the  Revolution. 
The  following  passagea  may  be  grouped  together,  and  will  sug- 
geat  a  few  remarks. 

**  I  have  often  met  with  people  in  that  country  who  could 
scarcely  believe  me  sincere,  and  thought  I  must  be  surely  je»t- 


10 


li^s 


ins,  whfin  I  declared  my  enure  i(5norance«f  many  military  and 

Eolitical  events  of  the  period  alluded  to,  so  momentous  to  them, 
owever,  that  every  child  was  familiar  with  the  minutest  de- 
tails.    And  they  wuuld  hardly  credit  me  when  1  baid  I  had 
never  once  heard  the  names  of  men,  who  I  learnt,  afterwards, 
were  hif^hli/  distiniuishcd  on  both  sides,  during  the  Revolu- 
tionary War."     "We  on  this  side  of  the  Athntic,  in  the  Old 
Mother  Country,  who  have  been  robbed  of  our  young,  arc  not 
only  left  without  any  encouragement  to  bpeak  or  think  of  such 
things  with  pleasure,  ut  this  hour  of  the  day,  but  in  times  past, 
have  been  deterred  by  every  motive  of  national  and  personal 
priile  acting  in  concert  Crom  ouch  inquiries."     "Wo,  v/ho 
were  then  either  not  in  being,  or  mere  children,  could  have  no 
agreeable  motive,  as  we  grtvv  up,  to  tempt  us  to  investigate 
such  a  subject  for  ourselves,  or  to  listen  to  the  tale  told  us  by 
our  seniors  in  the  bitterness  of  their  cpirit.     Even  if  we  did 
hear  it  spoken  of  by  them,  it  was  alwdys  in  terms  which  never 
encouraged  us  to  push  our  inquiries  farther,  or  disposed  us  to 
think  very  kindly  qf  the  new  countries  which  had  gained 
their  point,  in  spite  of  all  our  etforts  to  the  contrary."     "  If  I 
were  asked  to  give  my  countrymen  an  example  of  the  extent 
of  the  ignorance  which  prevails  in  America  with  respect  to  En- 
gland, I  might  instance  the  erroneous,   hut  almost  universal 
opinion  in  that  country,  that  the  wani  of  cordiality,  with 
which  the  English  look  upon  them,  has  its  origin  in  the  old 
recollections  alluded  to:  and  I  could  nev^r  convince  them  that 
ouch  vindictive  retrospections,  which  it  is  the  avowed  pride 
and  delight  of  America  to  keep  alive  in  their  pristine  asperity, 
were  entirely  ybrc(g-n  to  the  national  characier  of  the  En- 
glish,  and  inoonc 'stent  with  that  hearty  John  Bull  spirit,  which 
teaches  them  to  forget  all  about  a  quarrel,  great  or  small,  the 
moment  the  fight  is  over,  and  they  have  shaken  hands  with 
their  enemy  in  token  of  such  a  conipact.     At  the  same  time  I 
cannot,  and  ne/er  did  deny,  that  there  existed  amongst  us  a 
considerable  degiee  of  unkindly  fueling  towards  America,  but 
this  I  contended  was  ascribable  not  by  any  means  *o  past  squab- 
bles, rscent  or  remote,  but  exclusively  to  causes  actuclly  in  ope- 
ration, in  their  full  force  at  the  present  moment,  and  lying  far 
deeper  than  the  memory  of  these  by-gone  wars."     ••  There  is 
this  very  material,  and  I  take  the  liberty  of  saying  characteris- 
tic  difference  between  the  two  cases.    \Ve  have  long  ago  forgot- 
ten and  forgiveo — out  and  out^ — all  that  passed,"  &c.     "  Over 
the  speeker'a  head,  was,  of  course,  the  large  well  knowr  ^iic- 
ture  of  General  Wasinngton,  »*r/A  his  hand  stretched  out,  in 
the  same  unvaried  attitude  in  ^hich  we  had  alieiidy  seen  him 
repT.^esented  in  muny  hundreds,  I  may  say  thousands,  of  places^ 
frr>'.n  the  Gapit<il  at  Albany  to  the  cmbellishmonti  on  the  coarsest 
Mue  Chinfipktem  the  country." 


"■'    ^  ff''"'  ■■ -■  .  ."i.-r-'jiiur  •  >-i--aa«-r  ■%..',.wu-j..^'.„iL, ^■..  ..<^ 


W!f 


/  iniliUiry  and 
ntoustQ  them, 
!  minutest  de- 
1  baid  I  had 
t,  afterwards, 
x  the  Revolu- 
Tc,  in  the  Old 
loung,  arc  not 
think  of  such 
:  in  times  past, 
and  personal 
"Wo,  who 
could  have  no 
to  investigate 
lale  told  us  by 
Jveii  if  we  did 
s  which  never 
disposed  us  to 
i  had  gained 
rary."     "  If  I 
of  the  extent 
respect  to  En- 
nost  universal 
fdialiiy,  with 
igin  in  the  old 
ince  them  that 
avowed  p'rida 
iatino  asperjty, 
er  of  the  En- 
11  spirit,  which 
t  or  small,  the 
en  hands  with 
ne  same  time  I 
1  amongst  us  a 
3  America,  but 
s  ♦o  past  squab- 
ictuclly  in  ope- 
:,  and  lying  far 
."     ••There  is 
ig  characteris- 
ongagoforgot- 
"  &c.     "Over 
ell  knowr  T^ic- 
^etched  out,  in 
le&dyseen  him 
andSf  of  places, 
<m  the  coarsest 


11 

is  not  tiiis  very  p.jerilo?  The  anxiety,  moreover  to  multiply 
sarcasms,  ha*  surely  betrayed  the  author  into  some  degree  of 
inconsistency.     A^e  is  first  seen  to  account,  very  satisfactorily, 
for  thb  circumstance  that  the  War  of  the  American  Revolution 
has  never  been  in  Great  Britain  a  favourite  portion  of  history; 
he  talks  of  the  *«  bitterness  of  spirit,"  which  survived  tlie  con- 
test, and  which  always  manifested  itself  when  the  men  of  that 
day  afterwards  even  touched  upon  the  subject  to  their  descend- 
onts  **  as  they  grew  up;"  and  an  indisposition  to  *•  think  kind- 
ly" of  America  was  the  natural  result.    Yet  he  forthwith  turns 
round,  and  is  very  indignant  at  the  notion  that  either  father  or 
son,  ever  deigned  to  remember  any  thing  about  this  same  war 
— such  tenacity  of  memory,  being  inconsistent  with  that  hearty 
John  Bull  spirit,  which  teaches  them  to  forget  all  about  a 
quarrel,  great  or  small,  the  moment  the  Ji^ht  is  over,"  &c. 
Really  the  Captain's  theory  on  this  subject  is  a  very  singular 
one.     He  means  to  say,  if  any  clear  inference  can  be  drawn 
from  his  expressions,  that  there  can  be  no  lingering  feeling  of 
"  unkindness,"  in  reference  to  that  war,  because  tliough  the  old 
people  did  to  their  dying  day,  speak  of  it  in  the  ••  bitterness  of 
their  spirit,"  though  the  young,  from  these  outbreaks  of  pas- 
sion, did  take  up  from  infancy  a  notion  that  they  ought  not  to 
"  think  kindly"  of  America,  yet  the  Englishman  of  the  pre- 
sent day  is  not  familiar  with  the  details  of  the  odious  contest, 
and  has  been  <•  deterred"  from  looking  into  them,  by  a  fear 
that  his  ^^  national  and  personal  pride"  might  be  too  deeply 
wounded  in  the  examination.    Surely  Captain  Kail  cannot  havo 
deceived  even  himself  by  such  arrant  nonsense.     However  the 
fact  may  be,   certainly  the  language  of  this  writer  would  go 
very  far  to  establish  the  existence  of  such  a  feeling.     He  re- 
presents it  as  hereditary,  blind,  intractable;  connected  with  a 
notion  of  deep  indignity  offered  to  those,  to  whom  are  due  life, 
nurture,  education,  whatever  is  most  valuable  and  endearing. 
Let  us  suppose  the  incident  to  be  one  in  private  life;  touching 
merely  "  personal"  and  not  also  "  national"  jwide — some  foul 
stain  on  the  honour  of  a  female  member  of  a  proud  house — 
dues  Captain  Hall  suppose,  that  because  the  details  of  the  se- 
duction might  not  be  a  subject  of  frequent  recital — because  the 
younger  members  of  the  family  might  gather  them,  brokenly 
at  moments  of  pafeiftal  anguish,  that,  tlur^ore,  the  impressioa 
of  hate  and  resentment  would  be  less  vivid  and  permanent, 
than  if  all  the  particulars  had  been  frrauently  discussed  at  the 
fireside?  We  must  hope  that  Captain  Hall  is  mistaken  «>  to  his 
premises;  his  inference  is  manifestly  absard. 

But  all  this  serves  only  as  on  introduction  to  his  remark,  that 
it  is  characteristic  of  the  Americans  to  cherish  national  resent- 
ments, and  his  reason  for  fixing  so  odious  a  charge  An  a  people 
whom  ho  found  most  mild,  placable,  and  good  teispercd,  is,  that 


v^MW^WMKtMPMW^  t3tA 


,«: 


■M 


12 

they  did  no(  seem  to  linvc  the  same  morbid  horror,  as  himself, 
of  looking  into  the  History  of  the  Revolution.  Thus  hia  doc- 
trine would  seem  to  be  that  no  incidents  should  be  remenjbered 
by  either  party  to  a  war,  unless  they  arc  of  a  flattering  character 
to  both  of  the  combatants,  and  that  there  should  be  inserted  in 
every  Treaty  of  Peaco  an  article  declaring  what  battles  may  be 
talked  of  without  danger  or  offence.  Yet  in  England,  the 
Frenchman  is  still  doomed  at  the  theatres  and  the  places  of  edu- 
cation, to  hear  perpetual  allusions  to  matters  as  far  "  by-gone^ 
as  the  battle  of  Agincourt;  the  schoolboy  yet  spouts — 

<<  rtell  thee,  hf.nld, 
I  thought  upon  one  pair  of  Rnghsh  le^s 
Did  march  three  Frenchmen!  yet  forg>ive  me,  God, 
Hut  1  do  bmg  Uuis.    This  your  air  of  France 
lias  blown  tliat  vice  on  me!" 

and  the  youthful  king  is  heard  to  cheer  his  followers  with  the 
hope  of  that  very  reward,  which  Captain  Hall  assures  us  Ame- 
rican  gratitude  has  bestowed  on  the  heroes  of  the  Uevolutioa: — 

"This  stor>'  shall  the  good  man  teach  hia  ion." 

"Our  names 
Familiar  in  their  moutha  as  household  words."    . 

"Behcno'erso  vile 
This  d&y  diall  gentle  his  condition." 

Would  not  an  Englishman  be  inclined  to  smile  at  hearing  his 
visiter  from  the  other  side  of  the  Chainnel  complein  that  wherc- 
cver  he  went  in  London — amongst  the  living  or  the  dead — he 
found  something  to  force  on  his  attention  the  recollection  of  the 
conteatfl  of  the  two  nations?  The  monuments  at  Westminster 
Abbey  and  St  Paul's  embody  the  strife  of  ages:  If  he  walk  about 
the  town  he  finds  himself  in  Waterloo  Place:  if  he  wish  to  cross 
the  river,  he  is  recommended  to  Waterloo  Bridge;  and  he  cannot 
take  an  airing  in  Hyde  Park  but  there  is  the  Duke  of  Welling- 
ton, under  the  ^ise  of  Achilles,  with  Isgs  and  arms  <<  eternal- 
ly extended,"  frowning  defiance  at  him,  from  a  pedestal  labelled 
with  satire  on  France.  In  vain  v/ould  he  declt^re  that  he  had 
forgotten  all  about  these  matters,  **o\it  and  out;"  that  a  chival- 
rous Frenchman  scorned  to  retain  animosity,  and  that  it  almost 
maddened  him  to  see  so  many  images,  "  hundreds,  I  may  say 
thousands,"  of  "The  conqueror  of  Napoleon,"  on  sign-posts, 
snuff-boxes,  coffee-pots,  and  pocket  handkerchiefs.  It  would 
be  equally  in  vain  for  the  Spaniard  to  ask  that  the  tapestry  of 
the  House  of  Lords  should  be  taken  down  as  commemorative 
of  **  by-gone"  hostility,  and  as  having  furnished  so  many  irri- 
tating allusions  against  bis  country. 

But  the  most  alarming  disclosure  as  to  the  Captain's  temper  is 
in  the  following  confession,  after  he  had  been  only  a  few  weeks  in 
the  country:  ^*  I  acknowledge  fairly  th<  v  Iter  some  experience 
in  the  embarrassing  science  of  travellin^^  I  have  often  been  so 


^ 


'1i''i»i'amini"ii» 


jillWiaii.lYii ml  Mi'illiswfeiiaanta^i-.-'i 


as  himself, 
us  hia  doo- 
smembered 
g  character 
inserted  in 
les  may  be 
igland,  the 
ices  of  edu- 
'  by-gone** 


TS  with  the 
08  us  Ame* 
volution: — 


hearing  his 
that  where- 
10  dead — he 
ction  of  the 
^Westminster 
i  walk  about 
ish  to  cross 
id  he  cannot 
of  Welling- 
ts  "  eternal- 
istal  labelled 
that  he  had 
liat  a  chival- 
lat  it  almost 
I,  I  may  say 
I  sign-posts, 
>.  It  would 
tapestry  of 
imemorative 
0  many  irri- 

n's  temper  is 
fo  w  weeks  ia 
e  experience 
iften  been  so 


13 

much  out  of  humour  with  the  people  amongHt  whom  I  was  wan- 
(lering,  that  I  have  most  perversely  derived  pleasure  from  meet- 
ing things  to  find  fault  with;  and  verj/  often,  I  am  ashamed  to 
say,  when  asking  for  information,  have  detected  that  mi/  wish 
zvas  rather  to  prove  my  original  and  prejudiced  conceptions 
right,  than  to  discover  that  J  had  previously  done  the  people 
injustice." 

He  visited  one  of  the  watering  places,  hut  it  was  after  the 
season  had  passed;  and  the  building  seems  to  have  been  hastily 
run  up  to  accommodate  an  unexpected  crowd  of  company.  "  It 
is  true  we  were  at  the  Springs  after  the  season  was  over,  and, 
therefore,  saw  nothing  in  the  best  style;  but  I  must  describe 
things  as  I  found  them,  inspite  of  the  explanations  and  apologies 
which  were  showered  upon  me  whenever  anything,  no  matter 
how  small  or  how  great,  wasobjected  to.  He  wished  one  of  tho 
windowsof  the  dining-room  to  be  kept  open,  "  but  there  had  not 
been  time  to  place  any  counterpoises,  nor  even  any  bolt  or  button 
to  hold  it  up;  the  waiter,  however,  as  usual,  had  a  resource  at 
hand,  and  without  apology  or  excuse,  caughiupthe  nearestchair, 
and  placing  it  in  the  window  seat,  allowed  the  sash  to  rest  upon 
it"  The  poor  people  must  haVe  had  a  hard  time,  with  a  guest, 
who,  in  the  same  breath,  damns  them  because  they  shower  apolo- 
gies on  him,  and  because  they  do  not  offer  any  apology  for  com- 
plying as  far  as  could  be  done,  with  his  wishes.  Agara;  '<  Wheh 
the  Chambermaid  was  wanted,  tho  only  resource  was  to  pro- 
ceed to  the  top  of  the  stair,  and  there  pull  a  bell-rope^  common 
to  thei whole  range  of  apartments." 

It  is  not  until  near  the  ok>8e  of  the  book  that  we  are  led  ioto  a 
secret  as  to  the  bodily  condition  of  Captain  Hall,  which  may, 
perhaps  serve  as  a  clue,  to  many  of  his  irregularitiea  of  temper. 
Certain  expressions  occur,  which  lead  us,  charitably,  to  frame 
for  him  the  apolo^  which  has  been  made  for  his  countryman 
and  prototype  as  a  traveller — Smelfungus.  Thus  he  speaks  of 
a  tourist  being  so  entirely  out  of  conceit,  as  it  is  called,  with 
the  whole  journey,  and  every  thing  connected  with  it,  that  he 
may  wonder  why  he  ever  undertook  the  expedition,  and  heartily 
wish  it  over.  At  such  times  all  things  are  seen  through  a  bil- 
lious  medium,"  (vol.  3,  pp.  306,  7.)  With  an  amiable  frank- 
ness he  lets  us  into  all  tho  little  personal  peculiarities,  which 
self-examination  or  the  close  observation  of  others  had  detected. 
Thus:  "  I  have  not  much  title,  they  tell  me,  to  the  name  of 
gourmond  or  epicure."  Yet  in  the  very  same  page  he  is  seen 
heedlessly  running  into  an  excess,  which  any  body  could  tell 
him  would  bring  on  his  complaint.  The  only  expression  of 
enthusiasm  in  his  book  is  about  his  meals.  «  A  thousand  years 
would  not  wir.  e  out  the  recollection  of  bur  first  breakfast  at  New 
York,"  and  ;»Kjan  he  speaks  of  "the  glorious  breakfast,"  and 
finally  declares  it  was  «  as  lively  a  picture  of  Mahomet's  sensual 


ii 


.imi  •kt  a^HMlMM  f^'tHmii. '  ..' 


14 


piiradiM,  M  could  be  imtgined;  nothing  but  vhame,  I  tutpect^ 
prerentpd  me  from  exhAUsting  the  patience  of  the  panting  w«i> 
tcrt,  by  further  demands  fototoait,  rolis,  and  fiah,"  (the  very 
worat  Uiinci  he  could  take.)  Of  course  after  such  •  piece  of  i*^- 
diacretion  he  ia  aa  heevy,  miaerab)e,  and  peeviah,  aa  that  Sophy 
whom  Byron  eommeraoratea,  and  whoae  aa?age cruelty  of  tem- 
per ia  referred  to  the  lik«  doranpteinont  of  thn  digeative  organa. 

Wc  may  advert  to  another  of  the  topioa  of  couveraation  oy  « 
perpetual  introduoUoD,  of  which  Cfiptain  Hall  aooght  to  render 
himaelf  agreeable. 

"  The  practical  difficulty  which  men  who  become  wealthy 
liaTe  to  ensounter  in  Ameriea,  ia  the  total  ahstnee  of  a  perma- 
nent money-apending  claaa  In  the  aociety,  ready  not  only  to 
ay mpathise  with  them,  but  to  aerve  aa  modfih  in  thU  difficult 
art."  "  A  merchant,  or  any  other  profeaaed  nun  of  buw- 
neas,  in  England,  ha»  alifraya  before  hia  eyea  a  hrce  and  per- 
manent money-spending  claaa  lo  adjuat  his  habita  by.  He  is 
alao,  to  a  cerUin  extent,  in  the  way  of  eommunieaUn|  fami- 
liarly with  thoae,  who  having  derived  their  riehea  by  inheri- 
tance, are  exempted  from  all  that  peraonal  experience,  in  the 
science  o/  accumulation,  whieh  has  a  tendeacy  to  augment  the 
difficuKy  of  apend'mg  it  well." 

If  the  reader  haa  had  the  patieoce  to  follow  this  expoaitioa 
of  CepUin  Hall's  temper  and  course  of  conduct,  it  will  scarcely 
be  deemed  a  matter  of  aurprise,  that,  in  theae  discui^sions,  his 
■ntagonists  did  not  deem  it  tMt  part  to  pay  extravagant  com- 
plimenU  *jo  the  institutions  oast  up  to  them  in  the  way  pf  dis- 
parasing  contraat  He  represents  hinMelf  as  uttering,  on  all 
oceasioDS,  and  in  every  company,  the  severe  tiiings'he  hss  here 
];riiited,  nnd  wont.  Surely,  then,  a  gentlemim  or  a  lady, 
forced  to  be  "aiutayi.  on  the  d^ensim,  might  well  leave  the 
other  aide  toa  ehampUm  whose  voice,  gestures,  and  "  expres- 
«ioo  of  eouhtenwice,"  ^ere  all  enlistedi  It  appears  that  Cap- 
tain Hall  ia  a  Scotchman.  Let  us  suppose  Uiat  he  were  to  tra- 
vel over  England  in  the  same  temper,  and  holding  pretty  mush 
the  same  language  ae  thst  in  which  his  countryman,  Sir  Arehy 
.  Mae  Sareamn,  makee  love: 

«« Sir  Jirehif.  Why,  nadam,  in  3eoiland»  aw  oar  nobeelHy 
are  apmng  Irai  monardis,  warriors,  heroes,  and  glorious  MM«ve- 
ments;  now,  here^  I'  th'  South,  ye  ere  ew  sprung  fttif  sugar 
bonheads,  rum  pttteheoBS,  wool^ki^  hop  sacks,  "««,•>«% 
andter  jaokets;  in  short,  ye  are  a  compositifm  of  Jews,  Turks, 
and  Refogees,  and  of  aw  the  comiBereiaU>M|Mirts  of  4he  land 
and  sfa»<  a  sort  «f  aindiibtoM  breed  ye  viiM^  ^ 

«« Cia^UUe.  Ha,  fam  hal  we  «*e  e  strt»p  taiirture  indeed, 
wrthinc  UkoEStf  pave  end  wAle  » you  arein  the  North.      _ 

«  m»  Archp.  O,  naithiog  like  it,  mAoM  naithi»g  like  il^ 


,rw,' 


'i^i:^^' 


%4mmMtmmiiuVMm\wiil^*k\ 


(le,  I  suspect) 
wanting  w»l» 
,"  (the  very 
A  piece  of  irt- 
u  ih«t  Sophy 
ruelty  of  tern- 
Mtive  orgMit. 
ersation  oy  a 
ght  to  rendw 

lome  wealthy 
!0  of  a  pertna- 
\f  not  only  to 
thit  difficult 
man  oibuw- 
brce  and  pei^ 
ta  by.  He  is 
aieaUn|  fami- 
nes by  inheri- 
rienee,  io  the 
)  augment  the 

bis  exposition 
t  will  scared^ 
iscui^aions,  his 
ravagant  com- 
le  way  pf  die- 
ter ing,  on  all 
gs'he  haa  here 
in  or  a  lady, 
w«ll  leave  the 
and  "exprea- 
ears  that  Cep- 
le  were  to  tra- 
g  pretty  mtt.?h 
an.  Sir  Archy 


oar  nobeelity 
n-iouaaiUeve- 
ing  ftaif  mpur 
sk^  iron  bars^ 

Jews,  Turks, 
rts  of  4he  land 

ixture-iMleady 
North/*    ^ 
thins  like  i**^ 


MMIMMi 


■/^: 


■'k 


we  are  of  anaither  keedney.  Now,  madam,  as  ye  yaursel  are 
nai  weel  propagated,  as  yee  h»i  the  misfortune  to  be  a  cheeld 
o'  commRrce,  ye  should  endeavour  to  mark  yeer  espousala  in- 
tul  yean  of  oor  aunoient  noblo  famcclics  of  the  North;  for  yeo 
mun  ken,  madam,  that  sic  an  alliance  will  purify  ye^i  blood, 
ane  gi  yee  a  lonk  and  consequence  in  the  world  that  ow  .your 
palf,  were  it  as  mucklo  as  the  Bank  of  Edinburgh,  could  not- 
purchase  for  you."  .  The  nature  of  his  quarrel  with  the  Irish 
Sir  Callaghan,  about  a  matter  so  far  by-gone  as  the  mode  in 
which  Scotland  was  peopled,  may  be  gathered  from  his  denun- 
ciation, «  Though  yeer  ignorance  and  vanety  would  make  con- 
^U0ror»,  and  lavishers  of  yeer  luncestors,"  &c. ;  and  these  are 
his  parting  words  of  advice,  "  But  now.  Sir  Callaghan,  let  mo 
tell  ye,  ass  a  friend,  ye  shoald  never  enter  intul  a  diftpute  about 
leeterature,  history,  or  the  anteequity  of  fameelies,  frai  ye  ha' 
gotten  sick  a  wecked,  aukard,  cursed  jargon  upon  your  tongue; 
that  yee  are  never  inteelegeble  in  yeer  language." 

Imagine  a  Scotchman,  in  this  temper  protruding  on  every 
company  in  England,  into  which  he  might  gain  admittance,  a 
loud  and  vehement  preference  Of  the  institutions,  society,  and 
manners  of  his  part  of  the  Island,  over  those  of  the  Sister 
Kin|dc:. .  Such  conduct  would,  in  the  first  instence,  be  gently 
parried,  as  only  silly  and  ill-bred,  but  if  his  letters  of  intro- 
duction were  such  as  to  cause  his  frequent  reappearance  in  sO' 
ciety,  and  he  were  found  there  perpetually  indulging  in  the 
language  of  disparagement — putting  on  a  harsh  and  contemptu- 
ous **  expresaton  of  countenance"  towards  tho  lady  next  tp 
him  at  theta}>le,  who  might  venture  to  question  his  (pinions, 
it  is  scarcely  possible  to  believe  that  ho  could  escape  rebuke. 
Had  he  lived  in  the  days  of  Dr.  Johnson,  and  found  his  way 
to  the  Glub,  what  a  glorious  day  for  Boswellf  Writing  to  his 
Biographer  («t  66,)  the  great  Lexicographer  snys,  '<  My  dear 
Boswell,  I  am  surprised  that  knowing  as  you  do,  the  disposi- 
tion of  your  countrymen  to  tell  lies  in  favour  of  eaph  other, 
you  can  be  at  ail  affected  by  any  t^ports  that  circulate  among 
them."  Bbswdi  adds,  tn  a  shy,  timid  note,  ".My  friend  has, 
in  his  letter,  relied  upon  my  testimony,  with  a  confidence  of 
which  the  ground  has  escaped  my  recolleetion.'*  Even  from 
gentler  spirita  he  would  be  very  apt  to  hear  of  «ome  of  those 
matten<of  sarcv  which  Junius,  and  Mocklin,  and  Wilkes, 
and  ottwrs,  ao  abb.idantly  supply  as  to  their  effivntoiy— their 
iwahing  temper-^heir  meanness— their  "  booing'^  syisophanisy 
— tbeir  absurd  prtkidices,  kc;  and  as  Cantein  Hail  tells  us  of 
his  <<mueh  acqjifcnce'.*  with  "alLcltoses  of  society  in  En- 
gland," he  woubEPJIiinly  have  been  aamiled  amongst  the  lo%<. 
er  orders  wiUi  ifdl  tarto<^  sourrtloos  alJkiaiopctotb«rJMggarly 
dispoaitioii^  Uwir  want  of  ekHuUiiWsa,  with  anoM  thatr  one  ano 
plaWMit  tMiiequtDe*  ffhich  may  not  kc  atmed.    OoMimith 


] 


.'.aiw 


IG 

«p««fcf  of  a  Scotchmao,  in  London,  who  rofused  tu  take  romts- 
diea  for  a  oi)taneoua  eruption,  declaring  that  ao  far  from  being 
an  annoyance,  the  conataiit  tieceaaity  for  fi'iction  tended  to  make 
him  *Vuneo  thoughtful"  of  the  wife  and  bairna  he  had  left  at 
home.  Laat,  though  not  leaat,  of  the  vulgar  chargea,  wouM  be 
the  origia  of  Burkeing. 

'  Uonueationably  auch  a  traveller  woukl  return  from  hia  finifliMl 
tour,^wn  ten  timea  more  prejudiced  than  he  atarted.  HnMMid 
•asure  hia  frienda  that  it  waa  high  time  V,o  diaaolve  th«  Uaio»^ 
that  he  had  not  heard,  during  hia  whold  journey,  a  wovd  of  eom- 
pliment  to  his  native  country;  bat  that  every  tlhiaio|i  to  it  waa 
in  a  aneerlng,  diaparaging  temper.  And  why  waathta  the  eaae? 
Simply  because,  with  a^Mraon  ao  utteriy  nide  and  ill-bred  as 
to  advert  to  such  topici^  merely  for  the  purpose  of  making  in- 
solent comparisons,  there  waa  neither  necessity  nor  iMUailion 
to  enlarge  on  the  many  admirable  qualitiea  of  ScotchmeD-«4heir 
bravery,  their  energy  of  putpoae^  their  intelligenee,  thrir  ho-  . 
nour,  their  patriotism.  Juat  ao  it  must  be  in  America,  and  iit  eve- 
ry other  country,  visited  by«  traveller  in  the  same  absurd  tem- 
per. Captain  Hall  certainly  did  not  behave  thus  among  the 
savages  of  Loo-ChoOf  whom  he  repre8eiit«'to  us  as  so  aOaia- 
ble  and  sentimental;  but  having  been  egregiously  duped  by 
them,  he  really'seems  to  have  settled  down  into  the  melAneholy 
conclusion  of  Sir  Petor  Teazle,  when  his  sentimental  friend 
stood  Htposed:  "  It's  a  d— d  bad  world  we  live  in,  and  the  few- 
er we  praise  the  bettttr." 

Probably  the  greator  mattttr  of  surprise  to  the  reader  wilt  be, 
that  amidst  all  tlwie  llMfB,  he  never  fot  into  a  downright  quar- 
rel But  he  dccUreSy  **  I  must  dp  the  Americana  the  justice 
\kr<  say,  that  they  invariabfy  tofik  my  remarks  in  good  part" 
Even  in  Kentucky,  wheoee  the  Eiupisb  retder  would  scarcely 
expect  auch  a  traveller  to  escape  withttiit,  at  Isast,  the  loss  of 
an  eye>  h'.s  vision  was  not  only  unifljinriidl*  but  qiened  fully  upon 
the  ma^ificent  features  of  that  beautiful  region,  and  the  charac- 
ter of  its  frank-spirited  and  generous  people.  **  The  narrow 
bends  or  reaches  also  of  the  magnificent  Ohio,  just  At  this  spot, 
covered  over  witii  steam-boats  andrafta,  and  fringed  with  noble 
forests  and  numberless  villas,  added  greatly  to  the  enchantment 
of  the  scenery  at  this  most  interesting  section  of  all  the  back- 
woods. I  neied  hardly  iay  that  our  letters  of  introiliiction  soon 
brought  troops  of  friends  to  our  service,  who,  u  in  every  other 
part  of  thi»  hoapitable  country*  were  anxious  to  make  our  stay 
agpweable  and  (Mrofitable." 

.  Iptheeelebrated  *  <Memoir"  of  Tal%rand,  he  thus  states  the 
reittlt  of  hi«  personal  ohaervation;  <<J^tity  of  koguase  isafun- 
damental  relationj  iin  whose  inflaMkie  one  eannot  too  deeply 
meditate,  thisidontitv  'aeesheti^ntheiBenof EiM^dand 
of  America  a  ooBUDon  ..iaraoter>  v^tik  will  make  tbpA  always 


""■•■■ifir'ifrr*"*rltTT'TiY-"""iifT-    -"t-  ■-■"'ft-iiiir-iiimriM 


.aX. 


to  Uke  rome- 
ir  from  being 
nded  to  make 
he  had  left  at 
Sea>  wwM  btt 

nhitfiniibad 
sd.  neWoUU 

liott  to  it  wM 
thiitheetM? 
id  UUbred  w 
»f  Bttldng  in* 
or  imliiMftioti 
dbiiieD'-^ebr 
nee,  their  tio- . 
!■,  andilleve- 
e  absurd  tem- 
8  ainong  the 

I  ai  10  KtlA»r 

ily  duped  by 
le  melAneholy 
meotal  frieim 
I,  and  the  few- 

■eader  wilFbe, 
wnrightquar- 
ns  the  justice 
I  good  part" 
rould  scarcely 
it,  the  loss  of 
aed  fully  upon 
nd  the  charae- 
"  The  narrow 
It  Ht  this  spot, 
;ed  with  noble 
I  enchantment 
'all  the  back- 
o(iiiction  soon 
n  every  other 
miJuaurstiy 

thus  states  the 
guageisafun- 
)t  too  deejply 
r  EiMri«n4  and 
Btlipl»I#»yB 


17 

take  to  and  reeogniie  each  other.  But  an  iRsurmountablki  Wrier  is 
raised  up  between  people  of  a  difierent  language,  who  cannot  utter 
a  word  without  p«eo!l«cting  that  they  do  not  belong  to  the  same 
Montry;  betwixt  whom  every  transmission  of  thought  it  an  irk- 
■ome labour,  and  notan enjoyment ;  who  never  eome  tounderstand 
«Mk  other  thoroiii^hly ;  and  with  whom  the  result  of  eonversation, 
Hwrthe  fatigueof  unavailing  efforts,  is  to  find  themselves  mutually 
ndloulujs.  *^Nor  should  one  be  astonished  to  And  thisassimilatioa 
tpwanbCogland  in  a  country,  the  dintingiiahingfeaturesof  whose 
mrn^t  0«veminent,  whether  in  the  Federal  Union,  or  in  the  se« 
piMM  SlitflM  M«  impressed  with  so  atrong  a  resemblance  to  the 
IpMt  Uneemaati  of  the  English  Constitution.  Upon  what  do^B 
Mdividlaal  liberty  rest  at  thia  day  in  Amerioa?  Upon  the  same 
WaitdltilM  at  English  Liberty,^  upon  the  Hobeas  Corpus  snd  the 
Tri«l  Iw  lurv.  Assist  at  the  Sittings  of  ConEress,  and  of  these 
of  Hw  Legislatures  of  I'he  separate  States.  Whence  are  ukeft 
thoir  i{llo|nfoas,  their  analogies,  their  eumples?  From  the  Eng- 
^'^ih'l^l^fi^from  the  customs  of  Great  C/iuin-^from  the  rules 

!  rafHaoient  Enter  into  the  Courts  of  Justice,  what  authorities 

»they  cite?  The  Statutes,  the  Judgments,  the  Decisions,  of  the 
Jigliab  Courts.  Doubtleas,  if  such  men  have  not  an  inclination 
Iwarda  Great  Britain,  we  must  renounce  all  knowJedge  of  the 
influente  of  laws  upon  man,  and  deny  the  modifications  whieh 
h»  reeoivea  from  all  thst  surrounds  him  " 

We  will  consent  to  use*  on  such  a  sobjeet,  the  testimony  of 
Lieutenant  De  Roos;  '•  Nothing  can  be  more  unfounded  than  the 
DOtioo  whieh  is  generally  entertaioed,  that  a  feeling  of  rancour 
and  animosity  apinM  %igbod  and  Bngliabmen,  pervades  the 
United  Stataa.*'  **  Thfj^  vilified  in  ,«ir  Journala,  and  ridi-. 
euled  upon  our  Stan^i^^ilt  be  foumli  upon  nearer  inapec* 
tion»  to  be  brave,  mnnUfHi^  kiod-hearted,  and  uoprtgudiced; 
though  imprepaed  wltbaaaideot,  perhaps  au  exscgeinted,  ad- 
ibiration  of  their  own  eojuntry,  they  speak  of  others  v7ithoot 
eory,  mslignity,  or  (tetraiotioD."  **  One  introduction  is  suffi- 
uient  to  secure  to  an  Englishman  a  general  and  tordial  welcome.'' 
"  At  New  York  the  character  of  an  Englishman  is  a  passport, 
•nd  it  was  io  thia  ^ireumatMMt  that  we  owed  the  fadlity  of  bur 
entrance  and  the  kindness  ot  our  reoepikion.  **  At  a  labie  tPhott, 
"  We  were»  however,  treeted  with  the  greatest  civility  by  tiia 
promisetiOus  party  who  drank  the  king's  health,  out  of  wmpli* 
ment  to  our  niition." 

Mr.  Stanley  t  a  Member  of  PariiaEQent,  wbareeently  travelled 
hi  the  tJuited  States;  I>el4  in  the  Houte  of  Commons,  th-t  f^ 
lowing  language.  **  So  aifnng  were  the  ties  of  a  commoi;  oi '<|la 
that  aft  E'lgliah  igu^mm  travelling  in  that  Great  RepuUio  (a 
8^  to  flMet  wiui  die  iiMll^HIWitable  rec^on>  aa  he  well  knwti 
by  iMwaonal  «perience.  )  iHbAt  great  eooati^  was  proud  \te  aor 
knoirle<i|p  iu  )reiationiihipi»  England,  and  teteeogoise  the  low 

3        ■       ' 


, 


f  f 


<aB3 


ir  •  nimiiiiiiYiii  f  1,11    —  ■<  -- 


I 

I 


mi  •ttMlimeot  it  yet  felt  to  the  mother  country,  end  would  feel 

^tSTld  it  not,  Indeed,  be  moit  e«tr«»rdlnary ,  if  eoy  eueh  die- 
ttancioK  eentiment,  m  CepUin  Hall  repre«»nU.  ihould  be  found 
Mnerelfy  to  prereil  emonpt  •  grite  end  thouihtful  people,  wheo 
111  the  formi  end  instiiutione  which  concern  them  mo^  oMrly* 
tn  on  their  very  face  of  a  purely  doriT»tive  chertcter?  Not  a 
•ontroverey,  in  wiy  pert  of  the  Union,  about  an  acre  «  ""O^f 
e  barrel  of  cod-fiah,  can  be  eettled  wHhout  ukinR  whet  hae  been 
■Md  at  Weatminiter  Hall,  on  the  priociplea  involved  in  it  Even 
M  to  mattera  touebing  peraonal  liberty  and  aeourity,  we  lately 
aew,  th£t  when  an  Eojliah  fugitive  wea  violeoUy  *««»J^ 
Savannah  to  New  York,  and  there  laid  hold  of  by  elvilprMeM, 
be  waa  diacharged,  becauae  by  the  common  Law  of  Ji^n^aMl, 
which  ia  eq'jally  in  force  in  New  York,  the  proceae  waa  tainted 
by  the  impurity  of  the  proceeding,  which  brought  him  wiUiln 
ita  reaeli.  Lord  Holt  had  ao  decided.  Captain  Hall  waa  aur- 
pHaed  to  aee  a  buat  of  Lord  Eldon  over  »  bookaeiler'a  ahop  in 
New  York;  and  on  going  into  the  Supreme  Court,  he  aaya.  It 
waa  '<  eurioua  (o  hear  one  of  the  lawyera  quote  a  recent  bng- 
Uah  deciaion/'  Now  deea  he  think  it  powible,  that  peraona  who 
•a  jurymen,  pertiM,  or  apwtatora,  hare  ibia  daily  before  their 
•yca-^who  find  their  own  property,  or  thtt  of  their  neighbrnm^ 
paaaing  on  principlea  illuatrated  by  Lord  Cokfi,  or  Lord  Hay- 
■kood,  or  Lord  Eldon,  or  Lord  Tenterden— who  recently  eaw 
PfvCaaaora-  for  a  Univeraity  anxioualy  aought  Cor  in  England^ 
Qven  by  the  proud  State  of  Virginia-^re  not  prone  to  eugge- 
Mte,  rather  Uiao  to  undervalue  the  advantagea  derived  by  the 


be  well  to  advert,  for  a  moment,  to  the  quelificaUnna  which  bp 
bnwfibt  with  him  to  the  Uak  of  eritieiam.  The  object  of  the 
non  embitioua  part  of  hia  book,  is  to  inatitute  a  oompariion  be- 
tween the  bolitieal  and  judicial  eatfbliabmeny  of  Greet  BriUin 
and  tuoae  of  the  United  Sutea.  The  extent  of  hia  aequaintanoe 
wJ4h  the  foMner  beeomea,  of  courae,  an  important  preliminary 

"*tt  would  aeem,  from  what  ia  dropped  iiv  varioui  parte  of  the 
teovk,  that  he  waa  aent  to.  ae*  at  a  very  early  age;  so  early,  in- 
deed, that  he  repreienta  himself,  it  is  pr*aumed  by  e  JgMre  of 
ipeeob,  to  have  been  at  no  time  autionary.  "  I  have  be^  «f« 
m^lif0  el  sea,  0('  have  iMen  knoekiMg  about,  in  varioua  parts  of 
the  gk»be,  without  ever  having  h>d  leisure  to  read  boofca  writWn 
paolMaedly  on  thoee  topics,  m  even  to  take  steps  for  making 
mell  ec^uainted  with  whal.il  .IIm^  pTthodotK  phiiMophy  «^fi- 
o^aiag  tlim."  He  SRMii^  l|  b  ,irue»  a(  ♦*  •  HltUi  ofassio^ 
bnowiedge,"  picked  u^;Sji|i  JHyenjlbl^Tf/'  but  hia  few.  of 


««WaM4hlU 


anpi 


1(1  would  feci 

lOT  Mch  duH 
luld  be  found 
^plc,  when 
moat  n—r\f, 
Btar?  Not  a 
re  of  Uod  or 
rliat  hu  boon 

in  it  Even 
ty,  w«  Uloljr 
'  ukoo  fro« 
elTil  pro«Mf> 

of  KoflMd, 
•  WM  liuntod 
i  him  witliln 
Ull  WM  «ur- 
leHi  shop  in 
rt,  ho  ujt,  it 

rocent  Engr 
I  ponoDS  who 

before  their 
r  oeighboutu^ 
r  Lord  RejTr 
recently  ww 

in  England* 
le  to  ougge- 
irlved  by  the 

oiaturer  agfB? 

Ca|Aain  Halt 
iment,  it  may 
inna  which  bp 
object  of  the 
smpariaon  ba- 
Great  Britain 
I  acquaintance 
t  preliminary 

\$  parte  of  the 
i  so  earlyi  in- 
>y  a  figure  of 
have  Min  «// 
arioua  parts  of 
booka  writtan 
pa  for  makinf 
\it9iophu  con- 
little  etasaio|l 
tuthia  fear.^f 


#*■ 


10 

having  loat  it  is  expressed  In  such  a  vny,  that  wo  are  rcminiled 
of  Dr.  Johnson's  well-known  reply  to  the  young  gentleman, 
who  complained  of  an  actual  loss  nf  tho  aame  dtserintion.  Of- 
ten as  he  vaunts,  in  his  eonvarsationa,  of  the  necessity  in  Kng- 
hnd  of  a  "certain  amount  of  elaasieti  knowledge,"  as  the  *Mn> 
dfipenssble  mark  of  a  gentleman,"  he  forthwith  evades  any  far« 
ther  pursuit  of  th«>  subject,  or  any  friendly  comparison  of  notes, 
by  hsstily  adding,  "  always  excepting,  as  you  very  well  know, 
Dsvsl  eaptsint  snd  country  squires.''  In  short— taking  these 
eircomstsnees  in  connexion  with  a  reference  which  is  made  to 
tho  aeductivc  influence  of  Robinaon  Crusoe,  in  *'  luring  incor- 
rigible runnagates  to  aea" — it  is  probable  that  the  expression 
Ivhieh  he  uses,  aa  to  the  early  commencement  of  his  rambles,  is 
'not  very  fsr  from  being  literally  true.  In  no  other  way  is  it 
poaalble  to  aeeoant  for  the  utter  ignorance  which  ho  betrays  of 
•omeorthe  moat  ftimiliar  principles  of  the  British  Constitution, 
an  Ignoraneu  of  which  sny  landsmsn  would  surely  be  ashamed. 
Thus  with  regard  to  the  king,  it  is  said  by  Blackstone,  (vot.  1. 
p.  t46.)  **  The  king  can  do  no  wrong.  Which  ancient  and  yim- 
thtmtnlal maxlm^  Ac."  And  again,  (vol.  3.  p.  9S5.)  "That 
the  king  can  do  no  wrong  ia  a  necessary  and  fundamentnl 
pHneipte  qf  the  BngUih  CoMtitutioa**  But  mark  the  tru- 
ly saitor-like  style  in  which  Captain  Hall  refers  to  this  "neces- 
■arv  and  fundamental  principle  of  the  English  Conktitution," 
and  the  foundation  on  which  he  supposes  it  to  rest!  **  In  Eng> 
land  there  is  a  wetl-known  saying,  The  king  can  do  no  wrong*, ' 
tbas  reeling  thia  great  prmeiple  on  the  same  .noting  as  <•  a  cat 
aay  look  at  a  king,  "or  any  other  equally  **  well  known  sa)r- 
iog,"  touching  the  ra|pil  oflce.  Would  Captain  HaH  deelara  it 
**  a  well-known  saying"  in  Elngland,  that  a  member  of  Parlia- 
mant  cannot  be  questioned  elsewhere  for  what  he  uttera  in  tiic 
House?  Surely  not.  And  the  strange  ignonmeo  h«  hM  a0« 
trayed,  however  it  may  be  palliated  ny  his  roving  Robinsbn 
Crusoe  hidlnta,  cannot  well  be  exeuaed  in  one  who  naa  reaehad 
•  raspeetable  rank  in  the  British  Navy. 

With  regard  to  the  Judicial  estabilshmenta  of  the  two  conn- 
triea  he  is  perpetually  referring,  in  the  fainguage  of  taont,  to  the 
Buperior  firmnesa  of  the  tenure  of  office  in  England.  It  ia  plain 
from  every  word  ho  litters,  that  he  ia  under  a  eompl^tn  driaaion 
aa  to  the  real  atata  of  the  fact  In  England,  dia  JudgM  oa*  be 
ramoved  by  a  bare  majority  of  the  legisiatwre^  without  any  form 
nf  trial,  or  «ycb  an  allegation  of  their  having  eeramittad  wy  af* 
fanee,  Paley  atatea  thb  with  hia  asqal  correctnaaa,  (Prinoiplaa 
of  Moral  and  Pblitioal  Philoabphy.)  "At  proteetiort  againat 
ovary  iUegal  atta«fc  untn  the  ftrirfa  of  the  subject  by  the  aar- 
vaoto  of  the  Crown  $  be  MJMnt  feff  from  these  tribunaUs  the 
Jiidgea  af  tho  Lantltumtit  MTiillliiltientiy  the  avbitraiofv  bo- 
%'99tmk  tlw  king  aaa4  ito  fwa^mtimm  aeeotint  fbo^  eogbt  to 


:) 


.■rf'"-'T->«t<yWr^^.^.'   '^X 


-^i'f  rj»^'»»rfeilHji»  ' 


h»  in<l«pcnd«nt  of  flithsr;  or  what  i»  tho  Mm*  thioK,  «qually  d«' 
pendent  on  Iwth;  that  it,  if  lh«y  be  tppointeil  by  the  onii,  ihay 
•hould  lie  removable  only  by  the  othnr.  Thia  «vm  lh«  policy 
which  (iictsleit  (hat  mi*morahl«  improtumtnt  in  our  VotutUu- 
tion,  by  which  the  iuilf(et,  who  beUirt!  the  Revolution  held  their 
offlcea  during  the  pltmure  of  the  kin/f,  van  now  b«'  deprived 
of  them  o/i/y  by  an  addrru  from  both  llouara  of  Pariiament; 
M  the  moat  rRK>>l»r.  aolemn  »nd  authentic  way  by  which  /A« 
tH*tati4Ateiion  t\f  the  t'eopU  can  be  expri^aaed  Mr.  Hallam 
in  hia  Conatilutiunal  llittory,  (vol.  1.  p.  >t4A,)  remarka,  <•  No 
Juftg*  can  bo  diamiaarii  from  ofAce,  eioept  in  conaequenee  of  a 
oenvietioQ  for  aome  oflunr  ,  or  tho  addreaa  of  both  llouaM  of 
Parlianu<nt,  wbieh  ia,  tantumount  to  an  act  </  Legieialurt.** 
And  thua  the  matter  reala  at  tho  preaent  day.  The  name  caating 
▼ote  which  anlFiaea  to  paaa  a  law  may  liiamiaa  the  Judge  whoao 
interpretation  of  it  ia  not  acceptable.  Thia  ia  not  the  caa*  in 
any  part  of  the  United  Statea.  1'he  Judgra  of  the  National 
Courta  cannot  hfj  reached  by  addr<>»a  at  all.  Thej'  may  defy  the 
preaident  and  both  Houafa  of  Congreaa.  In  the  Statea  where 
thia  Engliah  proviaioii  haa  been  copied,  it  haa  been  nmdered 
comparatively  harmleaa  by  requiring  the  concurrence  of  t%oo- 
thirda  of  each  branch  of  the  Lvgialature  in  or«ier  to  effect  a  re- 
moval. 

Lot  ua  auppoae,  fur  the  aake  of  illuatration,  a  queation  to  arias 
on  the  Emancipation  Bill,  aa  it  ia  called  of  laat  Seaaion.  Thft 
moat  atrenuoua  aupportera  of  that  Bill,  admitted  it  to  be  a  vio> 
lation  of  what  they  deaignated  aa  the  Conatitution  of  1688.  In 
Mr.  Ped'a  apeech,  lena  than  a  year  before,  he  declared  ••  If  the 
Conatitution  waa  to  be  conaidered  to  be  the  King,Lorda,andCoiao 
mona,  it  would  be  subverting  that  Conttitution  i»  admit  Ro- 
man Catholica  to  the  prrvitegoa  they  aought;  it  would  be  an  im- 
portant change  in  the  Sute  of  the  Conttitution  ae  eatabliahtd 
at  the  Hetvotvtion."  (Speech  in  Mav,  18:^8.)  Lord  Tenter* 
den,  the  Chief  Juatice  of  the  Court  of  King'a  Bench,  in  reaiat- 
ing  in  the  HoUae  of  Lorda,  the  Bill  aubaequently  introduced  by 
Mr.  Peel  himaelf,  de'  tared  that  *•  he  looked  upon  the  propoaed 
meaaure  att  leading  by  a  broad  and  direct  road  fo  the  overthrow 
of  the  Prateatant  Church  *'  (Timea,  6  April,  1880.)  Suppoae 
the  8e!:jeaat  at  Arma  ahould  thruat  back  Mr.  O'Conoell  on  bif 
attempting  to  enter  the  Houae  of  Com  non%  or  any  other  oauae 
ariae  bringing  up  the  Act  Were  Lord  Teoterden,  m  a  Judm, 
to  uae  any  language  of  an  unaatiaiactory  kind,  he  might  be  hurM 
from  hia  aeat  by  that  very  Legialature,  which  waa  induced  to 
paaa  the  I^aw.  In  the  United  Statea,  the  people  have  denied 
themaelvea  thia  power.  Mr.  Chit^f  Juatice  Marahali  might  move 
intrepidly  on,  where  Lord  Chief  Juatipe  Tenterdeo  muat  ftbH 
or  be  aatirifieed.  Congreaa /aiVi^  and  tfwUty  repreaettc  tli« 
Whole  country,  yet  it  hat  oot  the  foirar  «C  •  Britifh  flariiM^Mt 


,  «quall]r  da* 
ha  onti,  ihfljf 
•  \\v»  policjr 
ir  Conatittt- 
on  held  lh«ir 
b*"  dtprimd 
Pariiamflnti 
r  which  /A« 
Mr.  Halbm 
narka,  «' No 
(qiicncfl  of  • 
Ih  lioiiaea  of 
tgitlalurt. " 
Mam*  eaating 
lutige  whoaa 
the  caat  ia 
lh«  National 
n«7  dofy  th« 
itatea  wher* 
en  renderml 
inc«  of  twO' 

0  aflect  a  ra- 

ition  to  artM 
aaion.     Tho 

to  b«  a  vio« 
>f  1688.  la 
ired  "IftlM 
da,  and  Coni- 
es admit  Ho- 
ld be  an  im- 

tttabliahtd 
■ord  Tenter* 
eh,  in  reaiit> 
traduced  by 
he  propoaed 
e  overthrow 
.)  Suppoaa 
moeli  on  bit 

other  oauM 
,  M  a  Judm, 
;ht  be  hurled 

induced  to 
liave  deniad 
mifht  movt 

1  moat  jrieUr:, 
preaatte  tlm 


ff 

to  bring  to  bear  on  Judgea  what  Paley  calli  « the  diapleunire  of 

It  It  a  aubjflct  of  curiotia  refleelion  Uiat  until  the  ronttilulion 
of  1688,  or  rather  until  the  I3lh  year  of  William  III.,  Ju«lgaa 
ware,  aa  Paley  remarka,  the  creature*  of  Iho  Crown.  The  ae- 
ImI  power  of  jufiieial  appointment  at  prnarnt  rr*iiii'S  in  Mr.  Peel, 
the  Hom<>  54ecr«tary.  lie  haa  aaid  that  the  (  unalitution  of  lflN8, 
would  b<i  aubverted  by  meaaurea  which  he  haa  ainee  urged 
through  Parliament!  if  ao,  the  king  haa  an  unlimited  power  of 
inhLing  and  unmaking  Jutlgea.  Put  that  Conatitution  out  of 
riew,  and  Lord  Tentenien  may  be  diamiaaed  in  the  aama  wajr 
aa  hia  predeeeaaor  Lord  Coke  waa,  in  the  time  of  Jamea  I. 

Captain  Hall  haa  aad  iriiagivinge,  he  tella  ua,  aa  to  what  vrill 
be  our  ^a,  if  the  Supreme  Court  ahould  at  any  time  falter  in 
ita  duty,  and  conaent  to  execute  an  unconatitutiniiul  law.  Now 
thara  ia,of  eourae,  no  end  tu  the  hypotheaia  which  an  ingenioua 
nrind  may  frame  aa  tu  the  efleel  of  dereliction*  of  duly,  by  any 
department  of  i  Guv«rnmenl.  The  Houw  of  Commona  may, 
aa  Paley  remarka,  "  put  to  death  the  Conatitiitiun,  by  a  refiiaal 
of  the  annual  granta  of  iiionrv  to  the  auuport  of  the  neceaajry 
Ainotiuna  of  Oovernment."  So  may  the  Judiciary  commit  aome 
•uioidal  act.  Wa  have  given  to  our  Judgea  every  motive  to  a 
high  and  faariaaa  aieeutiun  of  their  truat.  The  oaih  to  aupport 
tba  Conatitution, — abaohite  itoifnunitv,— end  on  the  other  hand, 
the  infamy  of  Judiei^l  cowardice.  Human  precaution  can  go  no 
farther.  But  where  are  we  if  all  theaa  aecuritiea  prove  ineflfc< 
tual?  Just  wliere  other  countriea  are,  which  do  not  intruat  to 
the  Judge,  the  power  of  eanvaaaing  a  Legialative  Act.  What 
waa  the  hiatory  of  our  Revolution?  WhiTat  we  were  a  part  of 
the  Hritiah  empire,  an  attempt  waa  made  to  tax  ua  in  (iefiance 
of  a  Common  Law  principle.  Aa  the  Courta  atood  ready  to  eo- 
forea  theae  odious  meaaurea  we  were  driven  to  arms.  Lord  Chat- 
ham declared  ua  to  be  in  the  right.  Mr.  Fox  haa  aubaequently 
placed  on  record  his  opinion,  thai  our  reaiatance  preserved  the 
integrity  of  the  English  Constitution,  and  Parliament  itaelf  hw 
raoognised  the  juatiie  of  our  course  by  a  definition  of  the  true 
colonial  principle.  Our  proMnt  position  is  this: — We  have 
placed  our  Judp^  in  a  aitaation  far  more  independent  than  the 
aama  funetioiianea  enjo^  in  England.  We  are  a  patient,  quiet 
people,  and  will  submit  to  a  great  deal  even  of  what  wa  deem 
iDJustioe,  rather  than  put  all  theae  bleaaings  in  peril  by  violence: 
But,  Anally,  we  hold  in  reaerve  for  intolerable  grievances  what 
Blaokatona  describea,  even  in  England,  tn  the  last  resort. 

It  ia  tba  more  to  be  regretted  that  Capuin  Hall  ahould  haro 
•shibited  an  absurd  igooranee  on  this  subject,  iis  ha  hu  thereby 
diaaloiahad  materially  the  ehaoce  of  our  profitMug  by  hia  eriti- 
eiaa,  ovoo  when  better  fiouaded.  A  foreigner  ia  often  atniek  by 
eiTOit  to  whicli  the  p«9pto|  acaoo^rt  whiMm  they  eiial^  an  reii> 


1 


^(ipfcawii^i^aF*jaia^H^^i'ftap^^  - 


&iAi 


■r-.rr'   •» im»HHiHiii<Hl>    -i.llPu   iltill-'lil'  I   IliHHlUlhlf 


mmmmm-  u  wmi  — >> 


• 
dere*!  im«m«ihU.  tnA  hit  cindld  incltijinwlnt*  tipottu*  of  than 
may  kid  »o  •  r«form«u«n,  wliiclt  mi^Ul  iiiv*-  J***!!  itrojiftlpd  for 
!•  Til«i  by  lho««  who*«  motives  wern  mort  liahJ*  to  •utpipion. 
Thui  h«  »«»'V  )«»«»ly  «l«n<Mifift!a  lh«  priPticn,  In  •  few  of  lh« 
0U(M,  of  r«nd»irinf  th*"  J'hIum  perlouictlly  electiv* — thinking 
that  lh«f  tr*  lhi»r*lijr  •ipotr*!  lo,  at  ImM,  ■  tutplrlon  «•'    .«r- 
Vilitf  to  th«  Oof«rnm«nt.     Ha  thinkt  tli«i  iKry  oup^...    »  b« 
Biwfd  on  the  umti  foollni  with  th«  JuiIku*  of  th«  Unitt.l  Sutoi, 
■nd  of  ihe  Urn«r  8talM.    But  unfortunitelf  he  h«i  thrown  iwiy 
•11  hit  infl»ienre  ••  en  •uiilitry  by  •rriouih  prrteniling  to  rtfer 
lh«M  miifuided  poople,  in  th«  n»otl  iriumphnnl  m»nner,  to  the 
raie  of  Kngland,  when  they  ei*  too  well  iwire  ihil  »n  evil  of 
the  Mwe  c»»«i«ftor  e«iit«  in  ihet  eoniiiry,  in  •  form  Inflnltely 
tnort  wiioue  end  •UrnUng,  end  on  •  er^le  .llo^ether  •tiinendoui. 
The  eUinion  !•,  of  cmirio,  to  the  iiigh  Court  of  Chtncery. 
There  if  •  i»m  at  it«ke  In  the  litiRition  of  that  Court— nev,  M- 
ttially  lockid  upawaiiing  il»  dociiiont— equil  to  the  Tslue  of 
the  fee  ■implr  of  the  Slat.*  tn  quraii.m,  and  all  their  movcablee 
into  the  haripiln— •  min\  more  than  aufficient  to  pay  off  the  whole 
N«lion«l  Debt  of  the  United  Statet  aeveral  timca  over.     It»  ju- 
fiBiUction  ia  of  the  moat  diffu»iv«  character,  and  it  may  be  aaid 
to  reach  in  aonie  way,  either  directly  or  indirectly,  the  into- 
reati  or  the  aympathiua  of  every  individual  m  the  community. 
Aa  no  Court  preeenta  »o  many  fempUliona  to  in.lireot  prae- 
licea,  BO  there  la  no  one  in  which  they  may  be  ao  readily  yelled. 
A  year'a  delay,  to  obtain  which,  might  be  an  object  of  auffi. 
eient  importance  to  warrant  an  enormoua  bribe,  would  acarcely 
eirlte  even  atiapicion  in  a  Court  whoee  procraatinatmg  tern- 
n«r  ia  proverbial.    There  ia  no  jury  to  participate  in  iu  leboura, 
or  to  check  an  Improper  biaa;  nor   lo  iti  proceedingf  poaeeaa 
that  kind  of  popular  intereat  whic**  uUMtt  to  them  the  aaper- 
viaion  even  of  the  readera  ef  the  v*r>ii»'i.i  'Wmt^r.  1 ;«  le- 

nurt,  by  which  thiaalmoet  bound  ;  ,;*'  ;;|;''**'*f"'r*'"!?l 
the  intereeta  of  the  Community  la  held?  The  will  of  the  lyii- 
niater  of  the  day.  Hla  bfwth  ean  make  or  unmake  the  Lord 
Chaneellor.  A  Premier  would  inatantly  reaiiu  if  »»«J««>«'«J 
wiah  for  the  removal  of  thia  officer  ahould  be  diaremrded.  Such 
ft  refuaal  would  be  conaldered  aa  depriving  him  of  an  authority 
MMOtid  to  the  diaeipKne  of  the  CabW,  whI  to  that  concert  aod 
cordiality  on  which  the  auceeae  of  ita  moaaufea  muat  ao  grMtly 
deoend.  When  it  ia  recollected  that  within  the  brief  ^.of 
„iK  mootha.  there  atood  ^  tbo  hewl  of  >ff*i";°Q'^'^ 
four  dilTeroot  indlvldoala  io  ojeccMiioD,  (Lord  Li««pmi.  i«N 
Cwning,  Lonl  Oodorieh.  the  Duke  of  Wellhigto*,)  htrtjl  It^ 


dily  be  eoDCoded  that  the  Chancellor  can  n«v^*^^  ...  . 
M  ahogeiher  tefe,  tince  he  it  liable  to  be  ■»«gww»t  ■**  ""^y 
to  any  particular  aeheme  of  policy,  which  ho  it  MJUMtaw  JJ*** 
iag»  Wt  ovon  to  thoao  iiopcilaei  of  tempw,  on  On  «Qe  mm  or 


r 


BMI 


Mtei»».  .*.,-'  .•?«yaB(w»SiH£''- 


.«>'#¥•> 


ittim  of  them 
itrojiAlFiS  for 
to  •(■•{iiriun. 
■  few  uf  lh« 
r»— Ihinkinf 
(irion  o''   i««f- 

Inittil  Hulct, 
thrown  twiy 
iiiinK  to  r«f«r 
■nner,  to  th« 
htl  wn  evil  of 
rm  iiiftnilely 
r  ttiipitmluuf. 
of  Cliiiicjsry. 
urt-i-nay,  to* 
lh«  Tsiue  uf 
sir  inovi*ablet 
off  ihff  wJiolo 
uver.     Il«  ju- 
I  may  b«  taiil 
;lly,  the  inte- 
I  eommunity. 
intlir«ct  pnie- 
■«adily  veiled, 
tbjeet  of  auA* 
^ouitl  a«arcflly 
itinatiiiK  tem< 
in  iu  laboura, 
idingfl  powwaa 
em  the  aaper- 
Vha;  r  l.^te- 
Danxiettetand 
-ill  of  the  Mi- 
ake  the  Lord 
f  hia  declared 

rirded.  Such 
an  authority 
lat  concert  sad 
KuataogrMtfy 
brief  epeeaof 
OrMt  Britain, 
iwiwol.  Mbh 
Mf)  h  trill  W^ 


mmm 


N),«ii 


tlkMlt- 


W 


the  other,  throtinh  which  Mr.  Ilotkiaaon  ceaaed  to  be  a  Mini*. 
ter.  it  M>eiiia  to  be  uitivcrMlly  agrncil  that  l^r<l  I.ymlhufft 
Viuat  have  $tmv  uul,  aa  tnn  AtiornayKtnorai  diu,  >mm1  He  nut 
TOted  for  the  Relief  llill  of  Kaai  SeMton. 

If  we  to<ik  back  to  the  hiatory  of  thia  Court  we  (^11  tMi 

?»lainly  what  haa  been  the  practical  conaequence  of  Ihia  Mate  of 
hinga.      The   miml   involuntarily  turna  to   Lonl   HaroiK  th<i 
"  greateat  wiaeat"  of  mankind,  he  became  Lord  Chancellor  only 
to  furniih  to  (he  poet  a  aid  antitheaia  to  iheau  epitheta.     Thert 
ia  no  where  to  lie  found  a  niaru-niortifyinn  rrbuke  to  the  pride 
of  human  nature  than  ia  rurnuliMd  in  wilntiesinn  the  influence  of 
eireumatancee  ever  a  mind  ao  wholly  without  a  parallnl  in  mo- 
dorn  timM,  whether  we  refer  to  original  jKjwer  and  compaaa,  or 
to  emont  of  arcjuirement.      Ilia  ap|>ointnienl,  aa  apfwiira  by  hia 
own  lettera,  wua  brought  about  by  liurkii<Khan:,  the  favourite 
of  King  Jamca.     The  abject  auijection  in  which  he  waa  held  If 
thua  ataleil  by  hia  biographer  MaUal.    "  During  the  king'i  ib- 
fence  in  Scotland,  ihtro  happened  an  affair,  otherwiae  of  amall 
importance,  but  aa  it  lela  ua  into  the  true  geniu*  of  thoae  ^mea, 
•Mfaervea  to  ahow  in  what  miaerable  aubjection  the  Favourite 
held  all  tli  lae  who  were  in  publin  emplovmenta.     Me  waa  on 
the  point  of  ruining  Sir  Francia  Bacon,  the  peraon  he  had  juat 
contributed  to  r«i»e;  not  for  any  error  or  negligence  in  thoir 
tnaater'a  aervice,  but  merely  for  an  opinion  given  in  a  thing  that 
only  regarded  hia  own  family.    Indeed  auch  waa  hia  levity,  aueh 
the  inaolcnce  of  liii  power,  thai  the  capricious  removal  of  men 
from  their  placea  became  llio  prime  diatinction  of  Ida  thirteen 
yeara'  favour,  which,  ••  Biahop  Hirket  obaervea,  waa  like  • 
aweeping  flood  that  at  every  apringtide  takea  from  one  land  to 
caat  what  it  haa  Uken  upon  another."     And  asain,  ••  Nor  even 
tbuadid  he  preaently  regain  hia  credit  with  Buckingham;  the 
family  continued  to  load  him  with  reproac.hca:  and  he  remained 
long  under  that  agony  qf  heart  which  an  aspiring  man  mwit 
feel,  when  hia  power  and  dignity  arc  at  the  mercy  of  a  king'a 
minion,  young  and  giddy  with  hia  elevation.    They  were,  how- 
ever, reooncihd  at  laal;  and  their  H-iendahip,  if  obaequiouanus 
in  one,  to  alt  the  humoura  qf  the  other,  deserves  the  name  of 
friendahip,  continued  without  interruption  for  aome  yeara;  wiiile 
Buckingham  went  on  daily  to  place  and  diaplace  the  great  OfK- 
cera  of  the  Crown,  as  wantonneaa  of  fancy,  or  anger,  or  inte- 
reat  led  him;  to  recommend  or  discountenance  every  private 
perwn,  who  hud  a  suit  depending  in  any  court  just  as  he 
was  it\fiuencsd;  to  authorize  a.-)d  protect  every  illegal  project 
that  could  a4rve  moat  apeedily  to  enrich  himaelf  or  hia  kio- 

<lfedt"  !>«• 
As  length  hU  bribery  and  venality  became  ao  flagrant  and  no- 

tOTM^i,  wsi  U  WM  found  neceasary  to  put  him  uide. 

,.  ^^throaght  about  the  diamifMlof  I>ar(l  Clarendon  from 


1 


"MMtfb^MMMV 


wrlrtfeS^tiW"* 


the  Sftme  h'}%h  office?  We  are  told  that  the  (gravity  of  hia  ie- 
portmekit  '  struck  a  very  unpleasing  awe  into  a  courl.  filled  wKh 
licentioun  persons  uf  both  sexes;"  certain  false  sugKeations  were 
in  conseiiuence  got  up,  which,  "aasiated  by  the  aoHcitations  of 
the  ladies  of  pleiiture,  iDade  such  impressions  upon  the  king, 
that  he  at  last  gar^  way  and  became  willing,  and  .ven  pleased 
to  part  both  from  his  person  and  servicea. "  (Cha!mer*a  Biogra- 
phical Dictionary,  ari.  Hyde.)  Pepys,  Secretary  to  the  Admi- 
ralty, in  the  reign  of  Charles  II.  thus  refers,  in  hie  Diary  re- 
cently edited  by  Lord  Braybfooke,  to  the  srme  transaction. 
"  This  day,  Mr.  Pierce,  the  Surgeon,  was  with  me;  and  tells 
me  liow  this  business  of  my  Lord  Chancellor's  was  certainly 
deigned  in  my  Liidy  Caatlemaine's  chamber;  and  that  when  he 
went  from  the  king  on  Monday  morning,  she  was  in  bed, 
(though  about  twelve  o'clock,)  piul  ran  put  in  her  smock  into 
her  aviary,  looking  into  Whitehall  Garden;  and  thither  her  wo- 
man brought  her  her  night-gown;  and  stood  blessing  herself  at 
the  old  man's  going  away.'" 

Clarendon's  integrity  could  not  be  overcome.  Had  he  proved 
weitk  as  Lord  Bacon,  he  would  have  been  drawn  into  the  same 
wretched  thraldom  to  the  male  or  femaln  favourite-  of  the  hour. 
InQuence,  wherever  lodged,  would  hf  ve  bepn  an  object  of  dread; 
and  the  power  of  alarming  the  anxieties  of  the  Chancellor  have 
proved  the  hpsX  perquisite  of  the  king's  mistress.  A  magistratjB 
thus  debased  would  quickly  come  to  understand  that  he  inight 
give  as  much  offence  by  ^n  honest  decree  as  by  the  gravity  of 
his  deportment,  and  even  should  an  exposure  ultimately  take 
place,  it  would  be  impossible  to  trace  the  tair.i  of  corruption 
through  the  vast  and  complicated  business  of^the  Court,  much 
loss  to  redress  the  misohiet  which  had  been  done. 

Comioc  into  the  next  century,  we  find  Lord  Chancellor  Me 
Earl  of  lifacclesfieldt  dtagraced  for,  bribery  and  venality. 

Thp  cirQumatanjfces  which. more  recently  led  to  the  dtsmiMiI 
of  Lord  Camden  are  thus  stated,  by  the  Earl  of  Chatham,  in 
his  speech  explanatory  of  the  pension  granted  to  thdt  iiluBtriouf 
magistrate,  pritirXo  his.  appointment  ai  Chancellor.  (See  Geor 
tleman's  Magazine  for  17'?0,  p.  104.)  ^*  I  recommended  him 
to  be  Chancellor,  his  public  and  private  vii'tues  were  acknow- 
ledged by  all;  they  rmtde  his  aituatum  more  precuitoui.  I 
could  not  reasonably  expect  from  him  that  he  should  quit  the 
Chief  JuMi?ciihip  of  the  Common  Pleas  which  he  held  for JU 
and  ptii  himself  in  the  poi/^er  oi  those  who  were  not  to*| 
tnisted  to  be  dismissed  Jrom  the  Chancery  perhaps  the  day 
dfter  his  appointment.  The  public  has  not  been  deceived  by 
his  conduct.  My  suspicions  have  been  justified.  Hi^  integri' 
iy  has  made  him  ohce  more  a  poor  and  et  private  man;  he 
waa  dismissed  for  the  vote  he  gave  In  favour  M  the  right  of  elstt- 
tion  in  the  subject."    In  the  same  volume,  page;  141,  will  be 


''=''W!fW^W^'1*MSftfw!flWfl!!wiSi^)'^W 


iia 


ity  of  hii  de- 
liii.  filled  wHh 
Kestionn  were 
Hcitaliona  of 
on  the  king, 
.veil  pleased 
mer't  Biogra- 
lo  the  Admi- 
is  Diary  re- 
3  transaction, 
me;  and  tells 
bvas  certainly 
that  when  he 
was  in  bed, 
ir  smock  into 
ilher  her  wo- 
ing,  herself  at 

lad  he  proved 
into  the  sante 
I' of  the  hour, 
ject  of  dread; 
anceilor  have 
A  magistrate 
hat  he  might 
he  gravity  of 
limately  tak& 
of  corruption 
Court,  much 

hanrellor  the 
renality. 
the  dismiMal 
Chatham,  in 
bat  illuBtriouf 
If.  (See  Geiv- 
imended  bim 
rer?  ackoow- 
1-ect.itotu.  I 
juld  quit  the 

heldforJ% 
ire  not  to"!^ 
\apti  the  day 
I  deceived  t)y 

Hi  J  integH- 
ate  man;  he 

right  of  elsd- 

141,  will  be 


-found  "  The  Humble  Address,  Remonstranco  and  Petition  of 
the  Electors  of  the  City  and  Liberty  of  Westminster,  asaBm- 
•bled  in  Westminster  Hall,  the  28th  March,  1770,"  in  which 
they  say,  "  By  the  samr  secret  and  unhappy  influence  to 
which  alt  our  grievances  have  been  originally  owingf  the 
redress  of  those  grievances  has  been  now  prevented;  and  the 
grievances  themselves  have  been  repeatedly  confirmed  with  this 
additional  circumstance  of  aggravation,  that  while  the  invaders 
of  our  rights  remain  the  Directors  of  your  Mryesty's  Coun- 
sels, the  defenders  of  those  rights  have  been  dismissed  from 
your  Majesty's  service,  your  Majesty  having  been  advised  by 
your  Ministers,  to  remove  from  his  employmsnt  for  his  vote 
111  Parliament  the  highest  officer  of  the  law,  because  his  prin* 
ciples  suited  ill  \ni\\  theirs,  and  his  pure  distribution  of  jus- 
ti(»  with  their  corrupt  administration  of  it  in  the  House  of 
Commons."    • 

The  reader's  attention  will  not  fail  to  be  arrested  by  the  cir- 
cumstance, that  Lord  Chatham  deemed  it  necessary  to  fortify 
the  Chancellor  by  a  pension,  on  which  he  might  honourably 
retire.  The  present  incumbent  is  not  thus  sustained  in  the 
fearless  discharge  of  his  duty.  To  that  extent,  therefore,  he 
is  m&re  &ns;iousiy  dependent  on  the  complacency  of  the  Mi- 
hister.  He  may  be  turned  back  to  the  bar  without  any  pfo- 
^ion  whatever,  and  with  all  the  disadvantages  attending  these 
Bestorations  tot  practice.  I  lis  family  may  suddenly  be  de- 
prived of  the  means  of  living  in  affluence  and'  splendour.  It 
doea  not  seem  to  be  in  human  nature  that  siich  considerations 
should  be  without  their  influence  on  th^  question  of  adopting  a 
eourse  acceptable  or  disagreeable  to  that  stern  Chief,  in  whose 
hands  are  all  the  issues  of  Wealth  and  Poverty. 

Whilst,  therefore,  the  great  Law  officer  of  England  sits  at 
the  Council  board,  and  at  the  Banquet  with  the  i^word  suitpend- 
ed  over  his  head  by  a  single  hair-^Whilst  in  ihe  middle  of  a 
cause  he  may  learh  that  his  judicial'  functions  are  at  an  end-— 
Captain  HaU  with  a  generous  waiter  of  ffU  selfish  considera- 
Uons  thinks  only  of  the  poor  souls  on  the  other  side  of  the  At- 
lantic. 

«  Wo,  wo  for  In^MUw,  not  a  whit  for  me!" 

His  sympathies  are  on  a  Mission  to  the  Ohio,  to  awaken  peo- 
llle  there  to  a  sense  of  their  perilous  condition,  whilst  his  own 
brethren  are  left  unheeded  benind.  He  dreads  lest  in  the  Legis- 
lature of  some  one  of  the  states  composed  of  men,  "  who  have 
coitie  straight  from  the  plough,  or  from  behind  the  counter, 
Iroin  chopping  down  trees,  or  from  the  bar,''  corruption  may  be 
found.  He  has  no  fear  of  the  abuse  of  poviet  by  an  indivi- 
dual. 

Bat  howetiNr  i(SB(»:aDt  Captain  Hall  may  be  of  the'  lostitu- 

4 


'^f^''t^'  -^■.■.■,  ^'>^^-.u^^i^i^^m.  i^r r  ftw?ft> 'm^f'^ ■,:v:^-.- -^'.s.i ■■>*.--- 


■»m:*w"»aTF  .'-"f  ■' 


,.i4.'^lT' 


tioBS  of  England,  li6  spurns  the  idea  of  not  having  made  him> 
self  completely  master  of  those  of  the  United  States.  He  de- 
clares that  there  is  "  less  complication  in  their  political  systems 
than  in  those  of  almost  any  other  country.  One  o.  two  very 
obvious  principles  appear,  by  their  own  showing  to  regulate 
the  whole  matter;  and  these,  after  a  time,  are  easily  under- 
Stood."  The  reader  may  wonder  how  he  happens  to  be  be- 
trayed into  this  eulogium.  It  is  only  to  enable  him  to  vent'a 
sarcasm.  **  With  the  Americans,  on  the  contrary,  there  is  al- 
ways a  solemn  sort  of  enigmetical  assumption  of  the  intricacy 
and  transeendant  grandeur  of  their  whole  system  not  to  be  com- 
prehended by  weak  Eui«.|.w»n  minds."  But  no  matter;  for  the 
sake  of  the  compliment  we  let  the  sneer  pass,  and  proceed  to 
examine  how  far  he  has  manifested  this  familiar  knowledge, 
when,  abandoning  mere  invective,  he  has  descended  to  pwU- 
culars. 

We  may  preinise  that  in  our  opinion,  the  whole  scheme  wso 
re«tdily  intelligible  that  it  is  very  difficult  to  fall,  into  a  mistake. 
Thus  Paley  in  his  Moral  and  Political  Philosophy,  has  given, 
in  a  few  words,  a  auffloiently  distinct  view  of  the  functions  of 
the  general  Government  Speaking  of  the  inconvenience  of  a 
Democracy  in  a  country  of  great  eitent,  he  rebiatks:  '*  Much 
of  th^  difficulty  seems  to  be  don?  away  by  the  contrivance  qf  a 
F.ederal  Republic,  which  distributing  tho  country  into  district^ 
of  commodious  jeatept,  and  leaving  t-oeqch  diaiiictita  inter' 
nal  legialaiion,  reservea.to  a  convention  of  tb«  States  the  ad^ 
justment  of  their  rctlative  claims;  the  levyinc,  direction  and  |;o- 
ycrndient  uf  the  common  force  of  ^he.confeaeracy;  Uie  making 
of  peace  and  war;  the  entering  into  treaties;  the  regulation  of  (b- 
reisn' commerce;  the  equalization  of  duties  upon  imports,*  &c." 
Such  then  is  the  simple  tkeoiy.  Amon|pi|it  those  matters  of 
''internal  legislation,"  which  havenorefiBrence  tothe  apjiropri- 
ate  funetionsof  a  general  dovemment,  as  thus  sketched,  is  that 
of  the  rule  which  shall  oovern  the  distribution  of  property,  real 
and  personal,  in  cases ot" intestacy. .  A  power  to  meddle wiUi  such 
a  subject  would  be  quite  aside  from  any  duty  the  Federal  Head 
baa  to  perform,  and  it  has  been  accordingly  reserved  to  the  sever 
ral  8ut«k  What  then,  will  the  reader  think  of  Captain  HalPs 
siicocss  in  mastering  the  "  one  or  two  very  obvious  principles 
which  rMulate  the  whole  matter,"  when,  in  speaking  of  |lr. 
Jefferson^  elevation  to  the  Presidency  in  the  year  1801,  he  in- 
dulges intfae  following  strain,  (vol.  3-  p.  317.)  "Mr.  Jefier- 
sOa  su«»eded,  and,  as  he  was  himself  devoted  to  the  cause  of 
Democracy,  it  made  gr^at  strides  under  the  hearty  eocourage- 
meiit  of  bis  eight  years'  administration.  311c  LawtufPrimO' 
geniture  weu  ahciiahedt  and  yarious  other  S(pt8  passed,  all  tend- 
in^iheaamtwav." 
.1^  W9  not  ^M  ]i^ii9  DOt  tlmosLti^:mffS9  |.trial  of  our 


^■»«« 


.l'!iiij.iiitw»iiiijiiiallliiii 


f7 


g  made  him* 
ten.  He  de- 
itical  systems 
0.  two  very 
g  to  reguUt* 
etsily  uodero 
ins  to  be  be- 
lim  to  vent'k 
T,  there  is  aU 
the  intrictQy 
ot  to  be  oom- 
lattcr;  for  the 
id  proceed  to 
r  knowledge, 
ded  to  puti- 

■oheme  w  so 
ito  a  mistake. 
Y,  has  given, 
)  functions  of 
venieoce  of  a 
ttks:  <<Much 
itrivance  of  a 
into  districtp 
ict  its  inter' 
States  the  ad^ 
9tion  and  to- 
;  the  making 
i;u|ationof(b- 
nports;  ^,'* 
ise  matters  of 
the  appropri- 
tched,  is  that 
)roperty,  real 
Idle  witii  such 
MeralBead 
d  to  the  seve* 
'aptain  HalPs 
)U8  principles 
tking  of  Mr. 
r  1801,  heia- 
"Mr.  Jeffer- 
>  the  cause  of 
■J  encourage- 
vwiffPfimo-' 
Kitallten4r 


Iwtience,  to  be  obliged  to  notiee  such  trash?  The  Law  of  Pri- 
mogeniture! The  reader  must  be  aware  that  Congress  and  the 
President,  had  no  more  control  over  such  a  subject,  than  hsd 
Captain  Hall  himself.  It  was  entirely  out  of  their  sphere  of 
Mtion.  And  yet  we  have  a  strain  of  inveetivei  running  through 
these  volumes  at  an  alleged  series  of  acts,  tending  to  pei-vert 
the  original  character  of  the  Government,  and  pvldencing  a 
wish  to  see  every  thing  prostrated  before  that  **  popular  deluge 
which  threatens  to  obliterate  ao  much,  that,  in  former  dayny 
was  considered  great  and  good  in  their  country."  How  must 
every  Briton  blush  to  find  an  Officer  of  his  Country  circulating 
a  statement  not  only  unfounded,  but  quite  preposterous— for 
the  reason  already  given,  that  had  Mr.  Jefferson's  temper  been 
ever  so  levelling,  both  he  and  Congress,  were  utterly  power- 
less to  effect  any  such  change? 

The  present  may  perhaps  be,  as  fit  a  place  aa  any  other  to  no- 
tice the  remarks  which  are  profusely  scattered  through  tliese 
volumes  on  this  subject  of  the  distribution  of  property  in  cases 
of  intestacy. 

We  have  thought  that  the  greatest  sum  of  happiness  is  most 
likely  to  be  attained,  not  by  the  accumulation  of  unwieldy 
wealth  in  the  hands  of  a  few,  but  by  the  diffueion,  so  far  as  pos- 
sible, of  the  comforts  and  enjoyments  of  life,  as  far  so  thatob- 
4eet  can  be  attained  under  the  operation  of  a  steady  system  of 
laws,  and  with  Iho  complete  security  of  property.  The  rule 
of  primogeniture  seems  to  be  at  variance  with  his  theory.  It 
is  true,  the  disproportioned  fortunes  to  which  it  leads,  might 
ftot  always  prove  either  pernicious  or  useless;  skid  instances 
pjay  be  pointed  out,  in  our  own  country,  of  the  ^ceful  and 
advantageous  employmeat  of  that  superfluity  whrch  circum- 
stances  had  placed  at  the  disposal  of  enlightened  and  public 

Sirited  individuals.  But  it  has  pleased  us,  on  the  whole,  to 
ink  that  tiie  absence'of  a  few  munificent  patrons  of  the  Fine 
Arts,  is  sufficiently  compensated  by  a  state  of  tilings  which, 
whilst  it  is  calculated  to  cherish  sentiments  appropriate  to  our 
Institutions,  plac^  within  the  reach  of  ^ery  one  the  means  of 
creation,  and  of  an  honourable  and  independent  subsistence. 
Captain  Hall  professes  a  feeling  of  reverence  for  the  memory 
rfDr.  Franklin,  "dear  old  Frafaklin;"  as  ho  is  affectionately 
styled.  We  might  have  hoped  that  an  admirer  so  earnest,  am 
ctoubtless  so  sincere,  would  not  have  ov^-looked  anl  opiniion 
which  that  philosopher  and  patriot  has  repeatedly  inculeated  on 
BS,  and  which  he  thus  declares  in  a  letter  to  Granville  Sharp  in 
the  year  1786. 

**  I  am  perfettly  of  your  opinion,  with  respect  to  the  sahi- 
tkry  law  of  Chtvemnd,  and  hope  it  may  in  time  be  established 
throughout  Aitterica.  In  six  qf  the  Sates  already,  the  lands 
of  intestates  bs  divided  eqtitUy  aooieDg  the  diiMren*  if  all 


tS?Sfeaj«.Mifc.'»G'i  ■a-^A.<fttii>rriLi-j|iiiiii:iMit.iwiii»Mifci»rfinai>W»«iia*i 


,.,3Siv3!J 


£.1 


girlf)  but  th«re  it  a  double  share  to  be  |rtoM|#»  the  eUett  ton, 
tor  which  I  •«•  do  more  retfon  than  in  eviaf  aiidht  iihare  to  the  el- 
dest daughter;  and  think  there  ahould  be  M>  auch  diitkction." 

And  a|uin  io  hia  vemarkt  to  eminrantSi  mi  July»^  1 784,  he  ai^ai 
<  *  It  it  rather  a  general,  iwppy  f  m^oqf  Ity  that  prevails.  Than 
are  few  great  proprieton«  the  aoilf  andfew  teaanta{  ou>atpeo« 
pie  cultivate  their  own  laada,  or  follow  aonw  handienil  or  mer> 
chandiae;  very  i&w  rieh^enoagh  to  lif»  idly  open  their  rent* 
or  incomes,  or  ta  pay  the  high  prices  givM  in  Europe  £»  patnt» 
inga,  atatues,  and  (he  other  works  of  art." 

mw it  unfortunately  happens,  that  C^ttainHay^  thodgh  heia 
(bond,  at  one  place,  quoting  with, seeming  eothuaiasBiy  **  l^«eet 
Auburn,"  yet  appears  to  Mve  looked  round  with  disgust,  be« 
cause  be  discovered  none  of  those  appearances  which  ike  poet 
Mgarda  as  symptoms  of  a  decaying  land. 

"  9vA  virgittg  to  deeKnt  itM  tpleMoan  tM, 
Its  viitM  itrike,  its  pajaccs  Mtrpriw, 
fVMe  »emiTKid  ^  fiimiHtfrtm  the  0mtlmg  kndt 
The  mournnil  pcMuit  leads  hit  kiunble  band." 


Ml"  Uie  Dwn  at  WMith  and  pride 

.,    Takes  up  a  qtace  Uut  mimy  poor  iuppl)ed|      ..  i 

Space  for  nis  lake,  his  parks  extended  bounds, 
apuce  (or  his  houses,  equipage,  and  hounds."  '  ' 

It  is  for  these  thing*  that  Captain  Hall  is  heard  to  sigh,  and 
be  turna  with  contempt  fjcom  the  substantial  bleoeinp  which 
he  saw  every  where  around  him. 

**  The  land,"  he  says,  **  on  the  left  bank  of  the  Hudsolv 
for  a  considerable  distance  above  New  Vork,  were  formerly 
keld  by  great  proprietors,  and  c'licfly  by  tlie  Livingstone  fami- 
ly; but  the  abolition  of  entails,  and  the  repeal  of  tiie  law  of 
Srimogeniture,  baa  already  brokeit  It  down  into  email  potions. 
>ur  host,  at  the  time  of  our  visit,  possessed  only  ih»  third  of 
th^  prppert]^  held  by  his  imnaediate  pr^dciMHWtSr '*k!>^  ^ 
Manor  of  Livingstone,  an  extepaive  and  fertuia  dia^ioi^iiatkAr 
^j^^t^  river,  formerly  owned  by  one  pierson^  ia  oowjf(|iiid0dl 
mtP  %rty  t>r  fifty  parcels,  belonging  to  as  mapy  ^^m^inta-* 
^^gtaPf  10  that  where  half  a  dozen  landiorda  ifi^^andt  Vk 
nuilUf  J|}jn4reds  may  now  be  counted.  And  aa  thope  oewjiossedNi 
gC^^^xar  away  and  cultivate  the  soil  at  a  jgtw^  f*l^^  popu^ 
titunt  goes  on  s\relling  rapidly,  though  we  wgre  told  not  by 
«n^  mqai)9  po  fast  as  it  does  in  the.  wild  regibiu  of  the  west., 
This  comparatiTe  tardiness  may  posubly  be  caused  byaome 
lingeriqga  of  the  old  aristocratieal  £aalii^g;  thouj^  it  is  mixed 
up  curiously  enough  with  the  modem  iaecuot  tha  equal  diidi* 
sion^of  prMMrt^,  the  universality  of  electoral  auffimge,  equalii^ 
ty  of  Bopiflar  rights  and  privileges,  and  all  the  other  tra»»^ 
atbfimc  dm«U  hr  the  improvement  of  soelety.  ■%. 

^'By  law,  udjMf  «a]r  nap  ia  America  may  leave  ki||,ynN 


I 


Me$laonj 
ire  to  the  el- 
iitkction.'* 
84,  he  H^i: 
likk  Thwre 
i{  nuMtpeo> 
rdlormcr- 
their  rents 

thodfhhett 
mr '« Sweet 
diagoat,  be<i 
Ich  il^e  poet 


to  ligh,  and' 
sings  which 

he  fiudaoiiy 
re  formerly 
ntone  fanK« 
the  law  o£ 
all  portions, 
tlietivrd  o£ 
!i»Khite  the 


^^iured,  m 
oewjiosseflK 

told  not  by 
)f  the  west.. 
ed  byapme 
it  ia  nixed 
I  equal  diiii« 
age,  equali* 
ther  trana^ 


ive 


29 

pertjr  to  whom  he  pleases,  or  he  may  even  entail  it,  exactly  as 
in  England,  upon  persons  living  at  the  time;  yet  the  general 
sentiment  of  the  public  ia  so  decidedly  against  such  unequal 
diatributions,  thai- in  praetiee  such  a  thing  ve^y  rarely^  if  ever, 
takes  plaoe.  CoasMUeatly  there  is  no  eheok  to  this  deteriora- 
ting proeut,  mwk  is  rapidly  sadueing  that  portion  of  the 
country  to  thn^WB*  Uvel  in  respeet  to  property,  wi>.'-  Uioae  r«^ 
centty  settled  dislriels  where  entails  and  the  right  ol  pomoge- 
nitare  never  did  exist,  sad  are  hardly  known  even  by  name) 
Or  if  ^oken  of  at  all,  it  ia  with  the  utmost  contempt  and  lior- 
ror.V  ElaewhofO  sgpiia  he  adverta  to  the  eviia  which  have 
arisen  stnee  UmJsw  of  primogeniture,  and  the  practice  of  en- 
tails vrero  swept  away  oy  the  tide  of  modem  improvtmenty 
as  it  Is  eaUed;  From  theae  and  other  cai^ass  the  accumulatidn 
of  large  propertiea  haa  been  entirely  prevented,  even  in  that 
State  where  the  value  qftheee  unequatdijfisions  q/" proper tj/ 
is  certainly  better  known  than  any  where  else  in  ^i^  country 
(Virginia.)  UufortuoateJy  this  conviction  is  confin^  to  tho 
minority,*'  (vol.  9.  p.  80.)  And  again  we  have  a  Ipi«i^«(ion 
over  that  more  equal  diviaion  of  property,  whioh  hasx  beeft 
caused  by  what  Captain  Hall  ie  pleased  to  call  ''^ho  bllgnting 
tempest  of  Democracy." 

At  the  hazard  of  appearing  very  presumptuous,  we  must 
venture  to  diasent  from  hia  opinion,  that  the  abolition  of  pri- 
mogeniture is  a  modern  American  improvement'  Tho  truth 
is,  that  the  establishment  of  that  practice  in  England  Is  a. badge 
of  subjection  to  the  Norman  Conqueror,  as  will  be  found  on 
looking  into  the  matter  a  little  more  closely.  De  Lolme  in 
his  work  on  the  English  Constitution,  speaks  of  «  fragments 
of  the  ancient  Saxon  law^  eeeaped  from  the  disaster  cf  the 
Conqttutf  Sttoh  aa  that  called  Oavelkind  in  Kent,  by  which 
lands  are  dinided  equally  between  the  sons. "  Blackstone  in 
his  ComOBOlrtirifS  (vol.  S.  p.  84,)  says,  **  A  pregnant:  proof 
that  those  lUMirUes  of  socage  tenure  were  fragments  of  Ssxoft 
Iab«rt|>  HUfi  nature  of  the  tenure  of  Gavelkind  afford*  \m0 
stiU  «||«Mp|iiMg^  It  ia  universally  known  whatstmij^' 

gles  tifellttiiWfi  men  made  to  preserve  their  lincient  iibwrtitt^ 
and  ivm  Iww  much  success  these  struggles  were  attended. 
And  as  it  j|rj>rtiwip*lly  bere  that  we  meet  with  the  cuatoiiLof 
Gavelkind,  (thwiuch  it  was,  and  is  to  be  found  in  some  other 
parts  of  the  kingOMn,)  we  may  fairly  conclude  that  this  was  a 
part  of  those  liberties;  sgreeably  to  Mr.  Seldon's  opinion,  that 
Gavelkind  before  the  Norman  Conquest  wim>  the  general  cus- 
tom of  the  realm,"  Seldon's  words  are,  **  Cantiunis  solum  In- 
tegra et  inmolata  remanstt."  Blackstone  further  remark^  p. 
214.  «  The  Greeks,  the  Ronums,  the  Britons,  tiie  Saxons, 
and  «vi|ii  originally  the  feodists  divided  the  lands  equally;  some 
ano^g «U^tbe  childten  at  large,  some  unong  the  inales  only." 


.,«>»«.^i,>iilWl.ltlife%l>i.a,JiWlWiii?&Ubai!llililil'i»i 


j^ysi 


I 


*  1 


30 

For  niUtery  purpecet  primogeniture  wtt  introduced,  **  And 
in  this  condition  the  feudal  Constitution  wu  eitablislied  in  En- 
gland, by  William  the  Conqueror."  (lb.)  * 

One  of  the  oldest  and  most  esteemed  writers  on  the  Laws  of 
England,  Lambarde,  in  a  work  called  "  A  Perambulation  of 
Kent,  containing  the  Description,  Kystorie  and  Customs  of  that 
Shyre,  written  in  the  vear  1570,"  after  describing  the  division 
into  Shires,  by  Alfred  the  Great,  remarks,  "  In  this  plight^ 
therefore,  both  this  Shyre  of  Kent,  and  all  the  residue  of  the 
Shyres  of  thb  Realme  were  found,  when  William  the  Duke  of 
Normandie  invaded  this  Realme;  at  whnse  hands  the  Common- 
aiity  of  Kent  obtained  with  great  honour,  the  continuation  of 
^hcir  ancient  usageli,  notwithstanding  that  ^ne  whole  Realme 
besides  suffered  alteration  and  change."  He  adds,  '*  I  gather 
from  Cornelius  Tacitus  and  others,  that  the  ancient  Gkrmana, 
(whose  offapring  we  be,)  suffered  their  lands  to  dencende  not  to 
the  eldest  Sonne  alone,  but  to  the  whole  number  of  their  male 
children,  and  I  find  in  tha  57th  chapter  of  Canutus'  lawe,  (a 
King  of  the  Realme  before  the  Conouest,)  that  after  thf;  deatii 
of  the  father,  his  heirs  should  divide  ■  both  his  goods  and  his 
lands  amongst  them."  Referring  more  particularly  to  Kent, 
he  says,  "  Neither  be  they  heere  so  much  bounden  to  the  Cen- 
tric by  Copyhold,  or  customarie  tenures  as  the  inhabitants  of 
the  Western  counties  of  the  Realme  be,  nor  at  all  endangered 
by  the  feeble  holde  of  tenant-right,  (which  is  bnt  a  disoent  of  a 
tenancie  at  will,)  as  the  common  people  in  the  Northern  parts 
be;  for  copyhold  tenure  is  rare  in  Kent,  and  tenant-right  not 
heard  of  at  all:  but  in  place  of  these  the  custom  of  Gavelkhfid 
prevailing  every  where,  in  manner,  every  man  is  a  Freehold- 
er, and  hath  some  part  of  his  own  t9  live  upon.  And  in  thii 
their  estate  they  please  themselves  and  joy  exoe^dingly,  inso- 
much as aman  may  finde  sundry  Yeomen,  (although otherwise 
for  wealth  cpihparable  with  many  of  the  gentle  sort)  that  will 
not  yet  for  atll  that  change  their  condition,  nor  desire  to  be  ap- 
parailed  with  the  title  of  Gfetitrie.  Neither  is  this  any  cause 
of  disdain,  or  of  alienation  of  the  good  minds  of  the  one  sort 
from  the  others  for  no  where  else  in  all  the  realme  is  the  com- 
mon people  more  willingly  governed.  To  be  short,  they  be 
most  commonly  civil,  just  and  bountiful,  flo  that  the  estate  of 
the  Old  tVanklins  and  Yunnan  qf  Englandf  either  vet  liveth 
in  Kent,  or  else  it  is  quite  dead,  and  dfl|>arted  oat  of  the  mime 
Ibr  altogether." 

Thus  matters  stood  in  the  re'gn  of  Queen  Elizabeth.  |d  the 
iatroduetion  to  Mr.  Hasted'a  magiUficent  work,  The  Hiitdry 
<Mr  Kent,  ih  four  quarto  volumes,  the  publication  of  whieh^ 
was  begun  in  1778,  and  ended  in  1799,  we  find  the  following 
remaii^  "From  the  freedom  of  its  tenures  and  eustomii  t^ 
lands  throughout  the  bounty  are  shared  iff  almoat  every  houat' 


.'  "■"»i!J(^tiA»'i,  {Wj'VM'ju^swi 


M 


leed,  "And 
ished  in  Eq- 

the  Laws  of 
mbulation  of 
itomt  of  that 
;  the  division 
this  plight^ 
laidue  of  the 
the  Duke  of 
hti  Common- 
ttinuation  of 
[)ole  Realme 
I,  "  I  gather 
It  Germans, 
icende  not  to 
>f  their  male 
tus'  lawe,  (a 
er  thfj  death 
oods  and  his 
rly  to  Kent, 
t  to  the  Qen- 
ihabitants  of 
1  endangered 
discent  of  a 
trthern  parts 
int -right  not 
f  Oavelkhnd 
a  Freehold* 
And  in  thif 
iingly,  inso- 
;h  otherwise 
irt)  that  wiH 
ire  to  be  »p' 
is  any  cause 
the  one  sort 
I  is  the  corn* 
ort,  they  be 
the  estate  qf 
er  vet  liveth 
»f  tui  realme 

beth.  lather 
rhe  Hiltory 
n  of  whieh^ 
he  following 
eustoiQii  tm 
every  kouae- 


keeper  in  it;  by  which  meana  the  great  are  restrained  from 
poaaiMfliag  such  a  vast  extent  of  dominions  as  might  prompt 
them  to  exorcim  tyranny  over  their  inferiors;  and  every  one's 
poaaeasioos  being  intermixed,  there  arises  an  unavoidable  chain 
of  iateyvsts  between  them,  which  entitles  both  one  and  the 
other  to  mutual  obligations  and  civilities.  In  this  county  there 
are  very  few,  if  any,  such  acenes  of  misery  and  wretchedness 
to  be  seen  amongat  the  poor,  as  there  are  in  many  parts  of  En- 

Sfland.  Instead  of  which,  a  comfortable  subsistence  and  oheer- 
ul  content  is  found  in  most  of  the  meanest  cottagea.^' 

On  the  subject  of  Entails,  we  must  refer  our  tourist  to  the 
wcond  volume  of  Biackstone,  p.  il6. 

<*Thus  much  for  the  nature  of  Estate  Tail,  the  establish- 
ment of  which /amiVy  law  (as  it  is  properly  styled  by  Pigott,) 
opcasiqned  infinite  difficulties  and  disputes.  Children  grew 
disobedient  when  they  knew  they  oould  not  be  set  aside;  Mrm- 
ers  were  ousted  of  their  leases  made  -by  tenants  in  tail;  for  if 
fuch  leases  had  been  valid,  then,  under  colour  of  long  leases, 
the  issue  might  have  been  virtually  disinherited:  creditors  were 
defrauded  of  their  debts,  for  if  a  tenant  in  tail  could  havo 
charged  his  estate  with  this  payment,  he  might  also  have  de- 
lated his  issue  by  ^mortgaging  it  for  as  much  as  it  was  worth," 
&Q.  "  So  that  the^  vtenjtuttljf  branded  as  the  source  of  new 
eoDtentions,  and  miachiefs  unknown  to  the  Common  Law;  and 
almost  universally  considered  as  the  common  grievance  qf  the 
realm.  But  as  the  nobilky  were  always  fond  of  this  statute, 
becauae  it  preserved  their  ffmily.  estate*  from  forfeiture,  there 
was  little  hope  of  procuring  a  repeal  by  the  legislature;  and, 
therefore,  by  the  contrivance  of  an  active  and  politic  prince, 
A  method  was  devised  to  evade  it" 

As  the  Captain's  rambling  habits  have  probably  kept  him  in 
i|(norance  of  what  is  going  on  in  his  own  couutry,  we  would 
invite  his  attention  to  the  nrst  and  second  Reports  of  the  Se- 
lect Committee  of  the  House  of  Commons  **  on  the  subject  of 
Jicotch  Entails,'?  published  in  18S8^    If  these  very  admirable 

Erodoctions  should  be  too  vxilnminous  (or  his  perusal,  he  may 
e  obliged  to  as  for  the  follovviog  extract,  from  a  review  of 
then*  and  other  publications,  on  the  same  subject,  in  the  Soot's 
Law  Chronicle,  for  May  1889,  page  xi.  "  Since  the  Act  1685, 
intituled,  <  An  Aet  concerning  tailzies,'  waa  passed  there  never 
was  a.  measure  of  greater  inaportanee  to  the  peopla  of  Scotland 
brought  under  the  consideration  of  Parliament,  and  from  the 
titles  of  the  publications  prefixed  to  this  article,  it  will  bo  ob- 
•erved,  the  subject  has  oeoupied  much  attention,  and  been  very 
generally  considered  in  ScotUnd:  To  Mr.  Kennedy  and  tho 
Select  Committee  of  the  House  of  Commons,  the  peo|^  of 
Sootlftod  owe  a  debt  of  gra^'tude.  The  two  Reports  contain 
iuch  k^boti^qf  evidcHotf  t.at  it  oannc^  be  shaken  hy  igng.T 


i'riiiif'fWf'"[''"'''iir"''"'  '■■* •'  • ' '"• '  •■"    -• '  ''"*•''  ■  ■'—■ 


r 


I- 


til 

m 


nmtf,  m^fiuHii,  W  fki  iU-dl^ted  9itv>»  or  aporthetuion$ 
MtitwtMtA,  m  wa  hare  no  doubt,  of  !nter«««ed  ifnllyWutl*. 
^  **  The  evila  of  •ntailt  being  now  completely  proved,  it  it 
in^MMtible  to  doubt  that  the  legialature  must  proride  a  apeedy 
IMuedy,  both  fbr  the  intereat  of  huira  of  entail,  and  the  public 
at  larm.  lb  the  bill  originally  introduced  into  Parliament,  by 
Mr.  KetfMNly,  it  waa  propoaed  to  allow  the  nobility  of  En|(land 
mod  Scotland  to  continue  to  entail  to  a  certain  eitent  Thia,  if 
we  recollect  right,  Mr.  Kennedy  atated  in  hia  place,  waa 
meant  aa  a  matter  of  expediency,  m  order  to  promote  the  auc- 
ceaa  of  the  bill  in  the  Houae  of  Peera.  It  had  occurred  to  al- 
noat  every  peraon  who  had  eonaidered  the  evila  ariain^  fVom 
•ntalla,  that  the  only  obatacle  which  mi|(ht  prevent  Parliament 
from  remedying  them,  woltld  be  found  m  the  prejudicea  of  the 
Mobility,  the  only  olaaa  auppoaed  to  be  hoatile  to  any  chihige 
of  the  law  of  entail,  aa  the  preaervation  of  their  familiea  waa 
imagined  to  depend  on  entaila.  Mr.  Sandford,  in  hia  evidence, 
aaya  he  heard  it  aUted  that  '  an  ppinion  wa..  entertained  by  a 
high  authority,  that  if  the  m<|;oraf  waa  allowed,  a  bill  for  the 
modiAcatioB  of  entaila  would  be  permitted.' 

**  If  the  power  of  thua  entailing  had  been  allowed  to  the  En- 
gliah,  Iriah,  and  Scotch  nobility,  it  ia  too  obvloaa  to  admit  of 
doubt,  that  the  whole  unentailed  land  in  Seodand  might  aoon 
have  been  purehaaed  up  by  them,  and  plaeed  under  the  fettera 
bf  strict  entatl,  by  whlteh  Stottmwi,  like  lr*kmd,  wouH  haw. 
keen  cnrted  with  all  the  evilt  qf  abeenlee  proprietora.  Tlv. 
evidenoe  on  thia  point  has  been  thoroughly  «i/lreif  hjf  the  Ae'tett 
Committeef  and  ia  ao  overwhelming^  that  it  ia  impoaaible  to 
peraevere  loB^r  an  the  elauae  allowing  the  nobility  the  exoluaive 
power  of  entailing  to  a  greater  extent  than  other  landed  propri- 
etora.  SevenJ^  noblemen  were  esaniaed  by  the  Commmee, 
and  they,  to  their  honour  and  eredU)  diaelaim  aBf  widi  to  ob- 
tain fei^  the  nebilitv  auch  an  invidioiM  dittinotion.  7%e  evils  iff 
entttile  Aaee,  in/aet,  been  fully  asmwk/elt  by  the  nobility 
tuany  other  ekue  qf  entaikd  uvMMftthn.  We  arejriad*  thera- 
fore,  to  obMHTve,  ftmn  the  reaolutfotaMiiliM  Select  Commfttae, 
the  elavoein/alHmr  qfthonMHtyiooomfiUitsI^  obandonetl, 

<<  By  the  evidence  in  titetii<»  K^portt  m^Hm  Select  Commit- 
tee of  th«  Houae  of  Coiiiii|mHl» UMlmn^  proved^ 

«<1.  That  the  Act  irfUlli  Mm,  IHU^  jil.|mng  poww  to 
burden  eatttea  to  tiie  ^ttotft-afiiuiffWiPmit  m  Impnmmmif 
•B  entailed  eatatee,  hli»li»iB>  pjiiiltfiH  ^  Mtlle  or  nt%|g|, 
•  «*9.  That  Lord  MMMNfeMpiil^  Mi  Geo.  \\.,m^mt 
Whkh  heira  of  entail  iMf  |^s|MiM«iona  to  younger  tsbP 
dren^  and  burden  the  eaUto  toM  tftidunC  net  exceeding 'ttlite 
yeara'  rent,  and  an  annuity  to  thiair  wivea,  to  an  extait  a^fei- 
eeedibs  «««-'%'»'  part  of  th«  reoto,  miqr  lead  to  the  emlMUW 
neat  mhetfvef  entail 


iMiiiiiiiiifiiiinitt 


oreheimoiu 

iVJdiiaU. 

rored,  it  it 
de  a  speedy 
d  th«  public 
rliament,  by 

of  EnftUnd 
It    Thii,  If 

pitce,  waf 
lote  the  Hue- 
surred  to  «1- 
irising  flrom 
t  Parliament 
idicea  of  the 

any  change 
(amiliea  wai 
lis  eridence, 
rtained  by  ft 
i  bill  for  the 

1  to  the  En- 
to  admit  of 
might  aoon 
ir  the  fetters 
wouM  httwn 
etora.  Tk 
\y  the  Aeieet 
nponible  to 
he  exeluaive 
ndea  pr<^rt- 
vommnle0| 
'  with  to  ob- 

ihenoUiity 

t  j^en^  UmM' 

CommfttMf 

oiandontd. 

eet  Commitp 

'vvedf 

ngpovrvto 


ovMgan 

Mdin)('^ 

(tent 

•  embttVpi^ 


33 

*'  3.  That  the  combined  edeet  of  these  Acta  ia  to  burden  the 
•ntailnd  eatale  to  the  extent  of  nine  years'  rent,  or  one-lhirti  ef 
tlio  rucsimple  value  of  the  entire  ostatc,  by  which  tlio  heir  may 
bo  iJuprived  of  two-thirds  of  Uio  rvais,  in  order  to  liquidate 
iho  charges  so  authorised  to  be  impoa»'d,  subject  to  tho  burdwi 
^oollectinf(  tha  rents,  tnd  managing  tho  whole  estate. 

**-i.  That  ontaildd  proprielum  aru  also  lial)lo  to  contribute  to 
the  expense  of  turnpikr.  roads,  canals,  building  and  repairing 
churches,  and  other  public  improvements. 

"A.  That  ttie  evils  of  entails  are  tbo  exclusion  of  so  much  land 
from  oommRrce,  the  defrauding  of  shcpkocpurs  and  others  who 
give  credit  to  heirs  of  entail  in  pussossion^  fur  which  the  former 
cannot  obtain  heritable  security,  nor  attach  the  astate,  and  that 
heirs  of  entail,  not  having  the  power  uf  Hale,  or  bunioniag  the 
<Mitate  for  borrowed  money,  cannot  obtain  the  means  either 
to  make  improvementt,  or  nay  tjltbia  and/amiltf  promnon*. " 

Theiio  considerations  will,  it  is  hoped,  have  due  weight  with 
the  people  of  America  befuro  they  yield. to  Cuptain  Hall's  sug- 
gestion, and  abandon  a  system  which  has  grown  up  under  tho 
sanction  of  the  fuanders  of  the  Republic. 

Thus  much  for  our  tourist's  familiarity  with  the  functions  of 
the  Executive  Department  of  the  Government  His  criticism 
on  the  Legislature  is  principally  drawn  from  a  Debate,  part 
of  which  he  witnessed,  in  the  Senate  of  the  United  States,  rc« 
lative  to  a  proposition  to  abolish  Imprisonment  for  Debt  This 
SU  ject  must,  ov  ery  where,  supply  abundant  materials  Cor  contro- 
versy; but  in  order  to  understand  some  of  its  peculiar  bearings, 
on  this  occasion,  a  brief  explanation  may  be  necessary:— From 
the  scheme  of  govcr!:-n<cnt  which  has  already  lieenpid verted lo, 
it  may  bo  supposed  that  the  judicial  pfower  of  the  Federal  Head 
bears  a  close  analogy  to  iU  political  functions.  The  primary 
purpose  was  to  create  a  tribunal  to  which  the  government  might 
Itself  resort,  without  exposure  to  the  jealeusies  of  the  Local 
Courts.  Whilst,  ho«rovt>r,  this  object  wasdoly  attended  to,  tha 
frsmers  of  the  COMtitatton  enlarged  their  view  to  a  provision 
for  other  cases,  la  wbjoll  k  was  apprehended  thai  a  narrowness 
of  feeling  midbt  intoHSm  with  tbiepure  and  unsuspeeted  admi- 
nistration of  justioe.  Hsasais  fimM  a  clause  giving  to  the  Na- 
tional Courts jwfisdirtioO'Oltr  BiWi  sffscting  ambassadors,  &&, 
and,  without  goiag  into  mm^Hm  Asftail,  it  may  be  stated,  that  to 
•m  «liMi  arai  sasutcdllwi  flfayilaes  of  suing,  and  of  being 
mtJi  to  tiwse  C/OurU*  H  i»ii«i«MSf«iory  on  him  to  do  this. 
Ha  ttay  sue  there,  or  l»  tka  Stili  Ooarts,  and  if  sntd  in  a  State 
O'sart,  ho  may  either  imtmn  iha  ataa  into  tha  Natioml  Court, 
ariariTa  his  pririlegB.  mw  aplion  ia  inth  luoii  luMM^pMiat 
llf  ao  such  option.  .  ♦rr-  ■.    '  ;  ■f.M.-'.r  .*?-i^>  'jr»-.;v'5»^"»-* 

rB  it  to  be  uaderstood  thai  (h«  NstioiialCaiirll  <l»  nal  atflliala- 

tar »  4i0eraiil  law  firom  that  of  tka  SWea  in  ifluelilllay  ato 

,1 


u 


.:,m^  ...iilirWAufci 


I 


34 

held.  Th(>y  >re  bound  by  that  law.  Th«  object  in  viaw  is  to 
MWtro  an  imprllal  ■dmiuiiiration  of  it,  throup^h  judgra  wha 
do  not  derive  their  appointment  from  the  State,  and  who  aro 
preaumed  to  be  comparatively  free  from  local  aympathy  or  pre- 
judice. A  recurrence  to  the  theory  undeif  which,  ai  the  judfje  ii 
aware,  thia  duty  devolved  on  l.im,  mimt  have  a  tendency  to 
render  him  peculiarly  aolicilous  that  the  proviaion  ahuuld  not, 
in  hit  peraon,  be  unavailinK  to  aecure  the  atricteat  impartiality. 
Aa  thia  in  a  peculiar  nnd  very  amiable  feature  in  our  juriapru- 
dence,  it  ia  not  regretted  that  a  fair  opportunity  haa  been  aflord- 
ed  of  adverting  to  it.  Rut  although  the  lawa  of  the  aeveral 
State*  furniih  "  rulea  of  dcciaion"  for  the  National  Courta,  a  dia- 
tinction  may,  and  frequently  doea,  exiat  as  to  the  meana  of  en- 
forcing a  judgment  when  obtained.  The  Art  of  Con  great  of 
178!),  by  which  the  National  Courts  are  eatabliahed,  deolarcf 
that  their  proeean  thall  be  the  same  aa  that  then  uaed  in  the  re- 
spective State  Courts.  Aflor  this  adoption,  however,  it  wai 
not  liable  to  fluctuate  with  any  change  which  might  subse- 
quently take  place  in  any  of  tho  States.  It  coald  be  modified 
only  by  an  act  oi  congress.  Thus  wherever  tho  right  of  taking 
the  del)tor's  body  existed  in  I78f),  the  right  remained  to  tho 
creditors,  suing,  in  the  National  Courts,  although  intermediately 
the  local  legislatures  had  taken  awav  thia  power  altogether  from 
their  own  Courte,  or  had  fettered  the  exorcise  of  tt. 

It  will  be  rea<lily  understood  how  important  this  distinction 
haa,  in  many  caaes,  proved  to  a  foreign  creditor,  placing  him  M 
it  does,  beyond  the  reach  of  any  of  Uiose  expedients  to  whieh  ■ 
State  Legialaturc  may  bo  driven,  at  moments  of  great  preaiurey 
in  order  to  relieve  the  embarraaaed  debtor. 

On  the  proposition  then,  to  abolisli  Imprisonment  for  Debt^ 
It  is  obvious  that  many  of  the  arguments,  on  both  aides,  would 
have  a  reference  to  this  peculiar  state  of  things.  Congress 
could  not  regulate  the  proceai  of  Sute  Courts,  ao  that  in  many 
of  them  the  power  over  the  body  would  remain.  Thus  then, 
after  foreigners  had  been  allured  into  the  National  Court  by  the 
trowed  policy  of  the  Constitution — after  iMYtng  shtrunk  from 
the  State  Gourta  on  •  suspicion  inspired  by  thet  instrument— 
they  would  find  themselves  disarmed  of  a  power,  which,  in 
controvenies  between  citiasen  and  eitisen,  was  seen  in  many  casJes 
to  be  the  only  effectual  method  of  extrscting  the  latent  resources 
of  s  debtor.  Thait  such  considerstioas  ought  to  be  decisive  is 
not  pretendedt  thtt  they  would  find  their  way  into  the  diseus- 
nba  ittUBt  bt  ttHtima.  ■.  Now,  it  is  in  reference  to  this  debate, 
thttl^qplins  IIJMHttMifiNnBed  his  opinion  as  to  the  tedious,  wire- 
4nrm4llmmme^im»\ii^hiive  proeeedings.  **  On  many  m 
iiiftufiilMil  (JMy^  whm  1  visited  the  Senate,  I  found  this  oMl. 
tfti  liw  \tMt:»i  ft  I  ffM  suhjtrti  still  under  diseussion,  without  its 

\aiteineh,"    And  tfter  •  gcwt  deal 


I 


SA 


view  is  in 
iidgfi  who 
itl  who  arti 
ihy  or  pre- 
he  judge  ii 
Mufpiiry  1(1 
ihdiild  not, 
I  partiality, 
ir  jurivpru- 
nen  aflord- 
tho  afiveral 
iiirta,  a  dii- 
eana  of  en- 
'ongr«M  of 
d,  dccl&rcs 
1  in  the  re- 
krcr,  it  wan 
ight  suhra- 
«  modified 
it  of  taking 
itied  to  tho 
'rmediatcly 
(ethor  from 

diatlnction 
cinghim  |f 
I  to  irhieh  • 
It  preNurBy 

it  for  Debt, 
ide«,  would 

Congress 
lat  in  many 
Thus  then, 
lourt  by  tbe 
hnink  from 
rtniment— 

which,  in 
manycaMS 
it  resources 
I  decisive  is 
the  disous* 
this  debate, 
dious,  wire- 
3n  manjf  a 
ind  this  oM 
without  its 

lgVMtd<l«l 


•f  itlMrtng,  he  drops  by  mere  chanc(<,  the  fullowing  remark. 
««  Thf  o^iit  of  th«  measure,  if  /  Mndtrxiiuid  it  />r»»<'r/y,  urns 
to  limit  tli«  o;»«ration  of  tho  principle  to  can*'*  fallirin  iin«ler 
tho  juriadiciii  <  of  the  Unitcfl  Sutea  Courta,  waa  not  mrant 
to  apply  to  tl  ••  of  t!<(>  particular  Htatca."  Now  we  p<it  it  to 
tho  mader,  whoihwi-  it  i«  powiiblo  that  auch  language)  could  fall 
from  onn  who  had  liatrued  att«nlivoly  to  the  dahatc,  or  who  waa 
•t  aH  acquainted  with  our  simple  theory  of  govBrnment?  He  ia 
in  doubt  whether  Congreaa  **  meant"  toaholiah  Impriaonmont 
for  Dalit,  ao  far  aa  d«pcnde<l  on  the  proceaa  of  the  State  Court*. 
Could  he  have  been  aware  of  ita  total  want  of  power  to  do  ao? 
The  doubtful  manner  in  which  he  apeaka  of  the  ♦'  object"  of  the 
bill,  ahowa  that  he  could  not  have  cumprehnndod  the  bearings 
of  the  aubject.  Thua,  then,  haa  the  Senate  of  the  United 
Btlttes  been  eQi\domnedI  Our  impatient  CapUin  iuat  popa  in 
for  a  minut«  or  two— saaU  himself  with  *'  an  air  of  intelligent 
•nd  critical  importance,"  like  hia  countryman,  Andrew  Fair- 
servioe,  at  the  Minator,  in  Glasgow— aubjects  every  thing 
lo  a  rapid  analyaia — ia  wearied — hastens  somewhere  else — 
and  when  he  returns  and  fi'nda  the  same  «*  thr«ad-bare"  aub- 
Joct  under  conaidoration,  expressea  himaelf  very  much  like  a 
servant  at  one  of  our  colleges  who,  stepping  in  and  out  during 
•  demonstration  in  Euclid,  wondered  that  such  large  boys  wero 
■tillatthair  AB'sandCD's. 

Par  )g  from  the  general  Government,  Captain  Hall  proceeds 
to  subject  the  several  States  to  hia  rebuke,  and  he  solecta  Penn- 
•ylranic,  «  because  it  is  eminently  democratic,  and  has  been 
eallod,  par  excellence,  the  keystone  of  the  Republican  arch." 

In  this  unhappy  commonwealth  he  was  particularly  shocked 
at  a  discovery  in  reference  to  judicial  proceedings,  which  ho 
announces  in  the  following  terms: — 

"Thr  l»w  rendcn  it  imperative  on  the  iwAign  to  charge  the  Jiuy,  on  oay 
point*  of  law  which  eithw  party  may  re<iuire.  Somctimet  e«5h  party  will  in- 
sist upon  the  Judfe  charging  the  Jury  upon  twenty  or  thirty  iiomt».  '  nen  <x. 
ttf^au  to  the  chAfgc  fuUow,  utd  thua  an  endfew  source  of  delity  and  ftesh  U- 
ttgation  i*  ojKtud  up-" 

He  might  \Mf  learned,  by  consulting  any  English  lawyer,  or 
lookinc  into  Blaokstone,  that  the  ri^ht  of  excaptingto  the  opi- 
nion of  a  Court  on  points  fairiy  arismg  out  of  the  case,  exists  in 
England,  just  as  it  does  in  Pennsylvania.  Such  a  right  is,  in- 
deed, manifestly  iodispenatUe  to  enable  a  party  to  take  the  opi- 
nion  of  a  higher  tribunal.  To  say  that  couBiel  have  a  right  to 
demand  the  opinion  of  the  Court  on  "  any"  point,  is  plainly  ab- 
surd, aa  a  defendant,  anxious  for  delay,  m^^t  wquire  tiie  whole 
of Blaekstone's Commentarie^to  be  gfttmtkrm^  TiMliaitit 
the  obvious  one  of  questions  pertin«ttt  |li11»iM|«ad  It  itiiot 
only  the  right,  but  the  duty  of  the  Jild||i|  ft»«iiMi  te  iMitMe 
whatever  ia  urelevant— the  ground  oTwifklitiiiitfi  l»<tiHi  hamt- 


'i 


■'5 

I 


iMs^a  aiM,  iiiii'i'i"«*»rtw 


vtr,  apan  to  rtf>vi«w.  The  multiplication  of  maltrial  points 
muat  tiwayi  <i«pcnti  uii  lh«  ieariiiiig  atui  ingonuiiy  ui  ihe  cuun* 
Ml. 

Th«  only  difli'irnee  in  thit  reipoet,  in  th«  two  countHoa,  i* 
the  followifc:  Hy  «hr  law  of  Penntylvania,  ■  party  may  either 
roaurt  to  •  hill  ut  ui'-rpliuna,  on  particular  puiiita,  ur  ho  may  r«< 
quim  that  tnc  opinion  of  th*  Court  ahall  be  roduccd  to  writing, 
and  filed  of  rerurd.  Where  it  ia  apurehnndrd  that  the  judge  may, 
on  mor«  mature  r«'flr«*tion,  br  inclined  to  douhl  lh«  acoiiracy  t.( 
what  haa  fallon  frum  him,  and  to  aoftan  or  diaguiae  lU  furee, 
thia  power  in  the  handa  of  eountel  la  a  very  uaeiul  one. 

It  happena,  indeed,  aingularly  enough,  that  thi>  very  Arat  prt>« 
eeedinga  which  we  witnMaisd  at  Wealmiual«r  Hall,  placml  in  • 
vary  atrong  point  of  view  the  advantage  of  enabling  counael 
thua  to  guard  the  intereaia  of  their  clienta.  It  waa  a  motion 
for  t  new  trial,  in  a  caae  which  had  been  tried  l>elbre  the  Chief 
Jliatico  of  the  Court  of  Common  IMena,  relative  t  j  two  bargra, 
of  no  great  value.  There  ia  a  re|K)rt  uf  whatt>  u2i  place  in  the 
7\'wM«  of  Mnd  November,  IHSS.  The  Court  had  intimated  art 
opinion  that  the  rule  akould  be  madif'abaolute,  or,  aa  the  report- 
er  more  correetly  rapreaenta  the  acunc,  endratmxtred  tn  prr- 
auad*  the  learned  Hcrjeant  to  forbear  from  oppoaing  tho  lulc.^' 
What  aubaequently  occurred  ia  thua  taken,  verbatim,  from  th« 
Timea,  and  wo  can  vouch  fur  the  accuracy  of  the  report. 

••  JM-.  a>rim%l  H  lUt  rapoatcd  hi*  winti  to  ipo  on  with  the  caac  now,  but  mUI* 
ed,  that  if  tKtir  Lonkhipt  hail  rrad  Uu;  cvidi  ncc  of  Utc  witncMK*,  and  had  a/. 
raad^  earn*  lo  a  amduiion  upon  \Ue  caa«,  which  they  thoti^t  rutiM  not  be  a|. 
tarra  by  arKunM-nt,  he  would  of  couiM  abirtatn  from  eatcnn*  iiMo  any,  but  at 
the  aaoM  time  Im  aoefetaad,  that  be  liioufht,  (/'M*«M<r<UMwM  lialcn  to  what  ha 
mXkfftU  it  hit  dutw  to  uTf*  In  tuilun  tu  hia  ( hnit,  they  would  '"=  "^  opluioM 
thai  toe  verdict  wid  eatrect,  amfouglM  not  to  be  diaturbt-d. 

Mr.  ^iiUee  Path.  Atn  what  yeti  llive  mm  mid,  I,  for  one,  Ueaire  that  you 
wittjroon. 

j%i  alktr  Juigu.  tic  on. 

The  kamcd  Herjrant  then  piiieaiJai  In  Uaanunient,  in  the  coutm  of  which 
ka  mimfrrqutntfy  ttUtrrupkd  iff  A*  OmUit  wtw  ahpean-d  dimitiMfitd  hji  kit  ap- 
ftrmt  oMinaey.  Refim)  he  cini^mM,  he  itateii,  that  the  LonTchiaf  JuatSco 
nad  left  iSe  caae  to  the  Jury  aa  a  AauduJi^Vi  preference. 

Tht  Lurd  CkfM  Juthct.  Hrother  Wilde,  ht  emrrrt  in  your  atataqncnt.  Kom 
hava  alr(«4y  "m,  mmJ  Umm,  that  it  waa  left  aa  a  fbudulcM  prefeivncei  / 
lia««  oi  i^'m  aliLtlwt  I  left  it  aa  a  fhiudulcnt  tnutafer. 

Jf-.  avjtmU  mUt.  My  Lord,  Imu$t  rvpaaf  that  it  waa  left  aa  a  f^audulanl 
prcfercnoe. 

Ttm  Lard  Chi^fiutitt,  I  have  tlremly  atated  to  yoi!  what  my  recollecUon  ia 
OMM  the  lubjeet,  and  aa  that  recollcrtion  ia  conflinied  by  the  atatement  on  the 
olMt  aM^  /aay  plaMit,  when  you  aaaert  that  it  waa  left  aa  a  fimudulcnt  t>refe« 
fMfwioe, /dM'f  kfian  2l. 

J6>.  SmJmiU  WiUt.  That  is  undoubtedly  a  itron^  eiprcaaio^  my  I.nnl«  and 
aa  ytnr  Lordbhip  liaa  been  pkaaed  to  atate  your  recoHection  or  what  occurred 
•  dbaMid^k  it  of  coutaa,  am  AptMd  to  yMcfd  to  it(  but  Ithalkmge  my  «nc  of  the 
laaiaod  gcMkaaea  to  atate,  cMhar  from  mU  or  their  own  mtmary,  that  the  caae 
«MH  leA  aa  a  fraudulent  tiaiiafcr.  Lat  them  aay  that  it  waa  ao,  ifthcy  dure,  and 
takt  tk$  disgrme  that  would  fidl  upon  them  for  th*  auerHmi. 

The  etiir  JtidfttAawtMilii/trirfO  aBw'<ia»,  and  wpfeaoed  an  opinion  that 


^^^^^te-T* 


'WWlll'ipi'liillll— BM 


•ial  poinUl 
I  the  cuua* 

luntriM,  i* 
may  cither 
ho  may  r«< 
to  writing, 
ju«lf(e  m»y, 
trcMirB«y  fit 
it«  forec, 
ne. 

■y  fimt  pro- 
pUctMl  in  a 
ng  couriMl 
I  a  motion 
s  th«>  Chief 
*vn  hargtw, 
lace  to  th« 
itinated  ait 
Ihr  rrport- 
td  to  nrv' 
;  the  lUlc.'' 
I,  from  the 
mrt. 

now,  but  add- 
•,  Mid  haul  «/. 
iM  not  be  •!> 
o  »ny,  but  at 
rn  luwhat  bfi 
be  of  opluiou 

eaire  tbat  jrou 


una  of  which 
M  by  kii  ap- 
ChiarJuaOco 

leOMMit.  Vou 
|Mcfeivncci  / 

I  afraudulaWk 

«collrcUon  if 
[i-mrnt  on  the 
idulcnt  ptdSe- 

any  I»nl«  and 
mat  occurred 
■wane  of  the 
,  that  th«  caae 
kcydorct  and 

I  opinian  that 


^  *Mnf\  Serjeant  waa  ttHng  ami  tpnktttf  wWi  fraatar  vannth  than  ttaaMM 

**■  Srtjmml  H',UU:  Mv  l.onia,  I  Aoidd  br  vrry  «i>rry  lornmbiH  mywlf  wHh 
aiKh  wnniith,  u  to  be  onvnmrr  (ii  lb*  lotirt,  iHit  wKi  ii  I  am  fold  by  my  l^ml 
Ch«  f  Juadtir.  that  kt  tkmt nal  htk*M  m»,  I  cmifiiw  it  i*  aii  cinrvMMn  wbnU  I 
canrwrt  ttiblliil  to,  aiul  iquirt  rt- pri. 

11««  rotirt  a^niii  intiTlMiM-it,  whrtt  ih*  Iramrd  Hrrjoant  Mid,  hi'  tluMiijht  h« 
had  wid  natktttff  wbirh  cuiiM  b«  inlrrpnltd  Inlii  diontptrl  lo  the  bi  iic  b 

Th«wi  birtUbii)*,  bowtivvr,  *rr«  of  a  coamry  optnioii,  and  mnl,  Ibat  Ibcy  tm 
tainly  tbuu|rhl  In-  madr  iim  iif  rt|*rriiuimi  «rlu<  b  w«rr  PtKmbnKly  iiHVnaive 
loth*-  brnrli.  at<d  wbii-h  Uiry  did  not  ibMibt  the  l«ami<il  Mcrjiniit  vkuiiM  bav« 
abfrtaiiird  fWini  iittrHiiK  |n  «  raiiipr  mnment. 


it*  iMwd  <:k„f  JmMin  Mid.  dial  Ih>  ovrtainly  ih<Mwl*<  •'••i  Iramrd  Rrrjeant 

rl  btbavol  vrry  durtimiJuUtf  lo  him.  fur  be  aaid,  tfii  I  br  (»hi-  ('birf  Jiutict-) 

in  hit  (harift!  hail  ftpftrrttrd  fitfts  whlrlt  M/yrv  &viHiral)l<-  to  lu»  •  Ii.  nt,  und  that 


Mr/    ,nMnrr  raio,  uiai  n 
lia<l  bthavol  vrry  ttimrti^ttjuhif  lo  him,  fur  lie  MJd 

»-  -M  fipfirruni  puis  wh 

\w  hail  iiwde  alronif  conmunl*  in  (k;mir  «)f  the 


ilt-rriMUnl. 


lie  frh  permmmUtf  nfftnmtm  ««  hiMMtlf,  aa  it  mnvrY'tr  <M  immtitthim  oft  mimi 

riaiM  iwt/Mre  a|[a»M(  a  Jiidn.      lit  vnaJnd  that  tJie  Uartwd  HiHranI  wiHikt 

dniw  dio  MiiK-  lanipiai^.  |.>  bim,  ntimy  «m  llwit  btiuh,  llwl  » <»il.l  br  iiai.l  hrfu 


rhl»,  br  rr^utril, 
'I  mim/  aT' 
xl. 
M|Oiaj>  !•>  bjMi,  ntliny  <m  llwl  b.iuh,  IImI  « (Ailif  br  iiai.l  l^lufH 
gtnUrman  nn<i  ^nUtmim  in  a  |«4*a»i-  room,  (h  tkf  emitriiry.  be  hul  this  <l«y 
adATJ»v<i  knKteifr  to  Mm  which  might.  lH:riiap*,be  un-d  iw  /A*  atmomty  whit'k 
tk*  /mmuJ  Sf,,mmi  frnmefltd,  but  whitli,  he  bcfifwl  to  add,  waa  UJikii«Hrn  (fi 
Ikt  Miftflu  lit  which  Alt  (iV  tJbiir/iitttcr,)  inoTni. 

M^.  StTJfiiitl  H^iUf  drni«>d  ibat  br  bad  made  ii»r  of  ihr  woni  "  mipprraa,'* 
and  rrprate<l  hia  rontiction  lliat  be  bad  aaid  niMhin|(  dlarraptctAjl  to  Uio  Uiicli, 
or  tiiat  mi|[ht  not  luvr  been  mtlmtd  m  ony  mm*ly  uikntnur. 

Mr.  JuMiai  Oiutkt  mu),  he  waa  torry  lo  aay  tiiat  ha  raally  did  think  tk« 
rofuhit :t  of  (hi  lii«niid  Hcrjrant  ha»l  bfcii  disrmpcrtfUI.  He  bad  cliailcnf cd 
the  teamed  crntJi  iii«n  on  the  othrr  iklp  to  conlmdirt,  fcc   lie. 

y*#  hwd  rhi*f  J\u*i*»  then  aaid,  if  »hr  IranirtI  Mrrjraiil  ha<l  not  made  ime  of 
the  prewar  wotxf  "  aupuriM."  he  had  at  h-u.l  inadr  oac:  of  otbrr*,  liy  which  Iho 
aame  infcrriiri'  would  bo  itrown.  Ilia  l^rdabip  then  mnuitcd  the  rwititel 
'"•'  thedcfendantfi  to  aay,  whether  the  caae  liad  not  been  left  as  a  framlulent 

Mr.  fittjemi  CVtw  laid,  that  it  certaiiilj-  appeared  ao,  by  tlie  nolo  of  tba 
Iraracd  acntlrman,  who  waa  with  him  in  the  raiiac. 

Mr.  Sktimtl  Wild*  Iniiated,  that  Mllhoiiah  the  word  •'  Iranafcr"  might  hava 
been  uaod.  it  waa  followed  by  athera,  by  whkb  the  iwieitlon  of  urcferencc  waa 
lulhr  put  to  tlic  Jury. 

n*  L/rd  ChiffJutti'-e  ajfsin  aaaorted,  tlMSl  be  had  not  left  that  qiiettinn  to  the 
junr,  and  after  «im<-  farther  obat.Taltona  from  the  o«her  jnd[fen.  whu  oiuf  nu)ni  in- 
ttrjh  td  to  tmuikate,  tlie  matter  waa  itifftJ,  and  tka  lurnvd  Scfjnant  then  on). 
cacded  in  hia  anpimeHt. 

Mr.  Serjtant  Jndrmot  followed  on  tba  auita  lidc. 

Mr.  Serjtant  Cmu  wiu  about  to  reply,  but  vaa  iir«Teiited  by 

Mr.  Juidft  Park,  who  aaid  that  the  court  tkouflit  it  iMiieceaaory  to  hear  Uiir, 
oa  J  had  already  determined  that  the  rule  ahould  oc  maile  alaolali;  upon  nav- 
racntofcoata.  "^      '   ' 

ifr.  Sirfetmt  Cnm  beji^d,  do. 

JIfr.  ^i$Hft  Park  aaid,  JWc  .  ' 

Mr.  Serfmtt  (>rm,  horv\  -r,  rtptattd  kin  rdrrattf,  to  lie  allowed  to  eddrcaa 
iT*  "^j"*  *^  "^  *"^'"'  Z**^""  foiUmlion  he  waa  allowed  to  procee<l.  Hie 
karncd  Scrjcan*  thcnw»r.t  i.'to  a  Umgtpeteh,  in  which  he  complained,  that  Hp. 
Serieant  Wdd-,  at  the  trial,  had  maife  uae  of  ctpiseaaioni  far  the  purpoatt  of 
•mlM-aiMMf  «Ae  Kw^fdmtt «/  tk>.  Jury  fh>m  the  opinion  of  the  Lord  Chief  Jua. 
ticc,  «c."  • 

Seeing  'ho  jti\  nacious  Serjeant  WHdo  preparir^j  again  to 
•tart  to  hii.  ftjet,  ve  left  the  Court.  It  is  obvious  that  th«  .vholo 
of  thi3  abonni>iable  vaate  of  time,  antl  disgracoful  wrangling, 
wouiti  have  '.yna  atruidml  If  a  written  note  of  the  charge  had 
been  filed  at  the  iitne,  fot-  the  inspection  of  thf  cooasel.     No 


:t 


ji^ii'itf-^'. 


m.^mmt.~  W..       -  '' 


88 


^ 


I 


one  could  then  doubt  whether  the  judge  had  left  the  case  to  the 
jury,  as  a  frauciuleirt  transfer,  or  a  fraudulent. preference. 

It  will  have  been  seen  that  the  judges  considered  the  Ser- 
jeant as  **  acting"  and  speaking  with  greater  warmth  than  be- 
came him.     The  report  contains  no  account  of  the  "  acting,' 
but  most  certainly  Mr.  Wilde  fuUv  madte  out  his  claim  to  wh»t 
the  great  master  of  oratory  considered  the  sum  of  the  art. 

yVe  could  not  for  our  lives  perceive  any  of  that  magical  in- 
fluence which  .Captain  Jlall  attributes  to  the  cumbrous  appen- 
dages worn  by  the  English  judges.     At  p.  34  of  his  first  vo- 
lume, he  shakes  his  head  in  j^very  foreboding  manner,  after 
havii^  visited  one  of  the  Courts  in  New  York.    ««  The  absence 
of  the«wig8  ahd  gtmfistook  away  much  more  from  their  dig- 
nity  than  I  had  previously  supposed  possible.     Perhaps  I  was 
Uie  more  struck  with  this  omission,  as  it  was  tke  first  thing  I 
9aw  which  made  me  distruaC,"  &c.  &c.     Had  he  witnessed 
the  foregoing  scene  in  Westminster.  Hall,  his  faith  might  have 
been  shaken.     In  the  very  torrent,  tempest,  and  as  I  may  say, 
whirlwind  of  their  passion,  these  wigs  begat  no  temperance  to 
give  it  smoothness,  but  rather  showed  like  the  white  caps  of 
the  agitated  billoWs  "curling  their  monstrous  heads."    One 
almost  felt  alarmed  at  the  facility  with  which  they  rtiight  bo 
converted  into  missiles  (furor  arma  ministrati)  and  recognised 
all  the  wisdom  of  the  precaution  idoptedat  some  of  the  lower 
Irish  taverns  of  chaining  up  the  poker. 

.  What  would  Captain  Hall  have  written  about  such  a  scene 
had'  he  witnessed  it,  in  any  part  of  thq  back-woods  of  America  ? 

It  is  unneeessstfy  to  inform  the  JBiiglish  reader  that  **  Bro- 
ther Wilde"  is  a  respectable  member  of  the  profession,  and 
that  his  being  twitted  by  the  Lord  Chief  Justice  about  the  low 
company  he  kept,  was  probably  a  mere  fdrxii  of  sarcasm,  having 
no  well  founded  reference  to  his  habits  or  associations.- 

Having  adverted  to  the  sul^ect  of  wigs,  we  cannot  forbear 
directing  Captain  riall's  attention  to  the  following  heretical 
passage  in  the  Edinburgh  Law  Chronicle,  for  November  1889. 

«It  issrid,  tf»t  soon  ufter  Mr.  Jeffrey's  ckvation  to  tlie  deanriijp,  a  friej^ 
went  up  to  hha  wid  wished  him  joy,  "1  am  much  obli^  *«  J0"»  *"  ^P 
repjy.  "and  I  hope  it  will  come,  but  at  present  (applym|f  his  hand  to  his 
wig  to  ease  his  head  a  little.)  I  Kn  veiy  miserable."  We  dewre  to  be  ^Wul 
for  <«»  things,  first,  that  the  Dean  of  the  Advocates  of  the  CoUege  of  Justico 
was  so  miacnble,  as  he  was  under  all  the  bar-wigs  that  have  yet  been  tried  on 
b'un:  and  secondly,  that  Ws  Honour  retained  courage  and  fortitude  enough  to 
express  hkmiseiy,  mdio  dtf  them  all  We  l»ve  no  toitmra  ekruala  now  to 
liicfcj  why  then  act  as  if  we  had  ?" 

This  in  Edinburgh  uader  the  ayes  of  Captain*Hlill 
He.  informs  us,  further,  in  reference  tp  tlie  judicial  establish- 
ment of  this  State;  "I  was  gre«Uy  surprised  to  hear  that  in 
Pennsylvania  alone  there  are  upwards  of  one  hundred  judges 
who  preside  on" the  bench."  He  adds:  "  It  is  a  curioasfeature 


S'&dUiL  ■-■■^'■l^i^.':  '^Of 


■i^iMsat^^ ^  fl^'i  '11111 '  litiiViiiilMi  iiiraaiflteff-^^f!ifi^a^"fffo¥i^iii^ 


^^ 


case  to  tho 
snce. 

ad  the  Ber- 
th than  be- 
"  acting," 
iim  towh)Bit 
heart, 
magical  in- 
ous  appen- 
is  first  vo- 
inner,  after 
''he  alssence 
I  their  dig- 
■haps  I  was 
rat  thing  I 
3  witnessed 
might  have 
I  may  say, 
nperance  to 
hite  caps  of 
ids."    One 
y  Alight  bo 
recognised 
f  the  lower 

uch  a  scene 
•f  America  ? 
that  «*  Bro- 
ession,  and 
out  the  low 
asm,  having 
sns.- 

inot  forbear 
I'g  heretical 
tmbef  18S9. 

tn8l4p,  a  fnen4 
you,"  was  the 
tiis  band  to  his 
tobet>»nl(|ul 
lege  of  Jtutico 
:  been  tried  on 
tude  enough  to 
kriealit  now  to. 

m\ 

ial  establiflh- 
iiear  that  in 
dred  judges, 
rloasfeatura 


30 

in  tho  American  Judicial  System  that  in  many  of  the  States — 
Pennsylvania  amongst  others — the  bencii  is  composed  of  one 
judge,  who  is  a  lawyer,  and  of  two  others,  who  are  not  law- 
yers, called  associate  judges.  These  men  are  selected  from  the 
county  in  which  they  reside  and  hold  their  court.     They  are 

{ generally  farmers — not,  however,  like  the  English  gentleman- 
iairmer,  for  such  characters  do  not  exist,  and  cannot  exist,  in 
any  part  of  the  United  States — they  are  men  who  follow  the 

? lough.  They  selclom,  as  I  am  informed,  say  a  word  on  the 
ench.  This  singular  custom  has  been  adopted,  because  the 
people,  thought  it  necessary  there  should  be  two  persons  taken 
from  among  themselves  to  control  the  Presidenty  or  Law 
Judge." 

A  word  in  the  first  place  as  to  ihew  associates,  who  are  by 
Captain  Hall  properly  distinguished  from  him  who  presides, 
or  as  he  is  correctly  denominated  the  President.  Their  pro- 
per office  is  not,  as  he  supposes,  to  control  the  President,  but 
to  aid  in  the  administration  of  justice.  It  must  have  occurred 
to  every  one  who  has  witnessed  the  proceedings  of  Courts  to 
lament  the  ctmstant  want,  on  the  part  of  the  bench,  of  that 
knowledge  of  the  ordinary  business  and  ad*airs  of  life,  which 
is  sp  rarely  found  amongst  those  who  have  devoted  theinselves 
to  the  studies  appropriate  to  th6  legal  profession.  |lence  there 
seems  to  be  no  great  harm,  at  leas^  in  having  on  the  bench  by 
th«  side  of  the  "  Law  Judge,"  two  individuals  of  respectabi- 
lity, whose  pursuits.in  life,  render  them  familiar  with  the  trans- 
actions involved  in  the  great  mass  of  the  business  which  comes 
before  the  court  Practically^  it  secuirc9,.as  it  Were,  two  ju- 
rymen of  known  character,  and  whose  responsibility  does  not 
disappear  with  th^  trial.  On  all  questions  of  fact,  and  parti- 
cularly in  the  exercise  of  the  Court's  discretion  in  granting  new 
tiials,  theutility  of  such  advisers  mtist  be  apparent  That  they 
were  not  intended  to  loosen  the  rules  of  law  is  clear,  £rom  ona 
simple  oircumstancev  Should  they  interfere  actively,  instead 
of  communioatikig  their  advice  to  the  presiding  judge,  the  opi- 
nion which  they  pronounce  cap  be  reviewed  by  a  writ  of  error 
to  Uie  Supreme  Court,  composed  exclusively  of  tewyers.  Nor 
can  they  evade  responsibility.  When,  in  tjbe  al^nce  of  the 
Prendent,  the  associate^  tried  a  petty  case,  and  told  the  jury 
thikt  it  was  impossible  for  them  to  pass  on  tiie  questioiui  ofiaw 
which  had  been  raised,  this  was  held  to  be  error.  If  they  in- 
terfere judicially,  it  must  be  in  sqch  a  way,  that  the  party  com- 
plaining, Qiay  have  their  mistakes  in  point  of  law  corrected. 
That  th«y  "seldom  say  a  word  on  the  bench,"  is  a  proof  that 
in  practice  the^  have  the  good  sense  not  to  go  beyond  theu*  ap- 
liropriate  functions  in  the  system^ 

But  our  object  is  not  so  moeh  to  defend  the  system  is  to  no- 
tioe  a  miitake,  in  pmot  of  fact,  on  the  part  of  Captidn  Hall. 


jit] 


I 


f:       i 


%.v':-i- 


,x. 


i^-- 


m 


> 


I 

t 


40 

It  will  have  been  loen  that  he  readily  aejied  the  distincUon 
betWRon  the  presiding  and  associate  judgea,  and  he  couples  the 
coir..nunicaUon  of  that  fact,  with  the  aaeertioii  that  in  Penn- 
•vlvania  there  are  "upwards  of  a  hundred  judges  who  preside 
on  the  bench."  That  which  CapUin  Hall  urges,  m  the  way 
of  disparagement,  only  in  long  primer,^assume>  a  more  malig- 
nant type  in  the  Quarterly  Review,  and  there  shoobi  upon  the 
eye,  l  italics,  (No.  for  November  1889.)  Now  the  .^niple 
fit  is,  that  the  Sute  is  divided  intd  sixteen  judicud  districts, 
and  to  each  of  these  is  assigned  a  president  judge.  -From  their 
decisions  a  writ  of  error  lies  to  the  Supreme  Court,  the  num- 
ber  of  who*s  judges  has  recently  been  increased  from  three  to 
to  iiM.  In  the  city  of  Philadelphia  there  is  an  auxiliary  court 
of- civil  jurisdiction,  having  three  judges,  and  in  Lancajer,  a 
similar  court  having  one.  Thus  the  whole  strength  of  thojit 
dicial  corps  is  twenty-two.  The  remaining  seventy-eight  de- 
rive  their  appointment  entirely  from  Captain  Hall. 

l*t  it  be  remembered  that  these  fUncUonaries  administer  ju^ 
tice  over  an  extent  of  country  about  equal  to  England  and 
Wales  together,  and  that  many  of  the-iuties  devolved  on  them, 
ai«  such  as  in  the  latter  countries  are  distributed  amongst  a  vast 
number  of  officers  not  usually  classed  With  judges.  They  go 
through,  ndt  merely  the  kind  of  business  which  falls  to  the 
lot  of*«U  twelve  Judges  of  England,  and  the  eigt  of  Wales, 
the  Lord  Chaneefbrr  the  Vice  Chance  lor,  the  Slaster  of  Jhe 
kolls.  &c.,  but  perform  the  labours  which  m  England  are  *•- 
^gnSl  to  the  CoMistory  Courts,  the  C^^^^ 
the  CommiMioneM  before  whom  applications  are  heard  for  the 
twiiflf  of  Insolvent  Debtors,  lie.  „. 

done  away  with  nearly  all  the  teehnicahttuot  the  ^w--thwe 
aw  no  •tampa(J)-no  special  pleadin«a-«nd  acarce  y  any  one 
iawS^JXh^-niSTgotolaw.'''  We  mu^tmform  our 
heS&ritki,  in  ^he  Brst  pUee,  that  stamp,  are  no  part  of 

^ith  the  H«iWWb,  wd  it  ha.  w»t  yet  b?«J^»"°f„"^'yi£ 
T«>6rt  to  audi  attar  in  Pennaylvam*.  As  to  doing  ■•'^JI^ 
tt^oiilpbadiiig,  it  te  true,  that  inmtm  of  contract,  t^j^fj 
SSSSTto  f&^  statement  ofMMgiygf  •^^^'^IT: 
^^  1  of  dytincta^si  prewrflbid  by  Iw,  i«il^  if  • 

iieeiiv»tk>tt?  »nd  the  drfeBdlto|«ty,  mmtrnm^Br' 
^  W^  ^&it  >tate«uHa   lt>.riimig«toa^ 

mA  we  «r«*dwiM  mmtm  "••i**"*.?*    .  ""S^  jT— iZT 
•S  hap^  dift  to  w*ildi.ilit  tHifiq^wWfcww"  ST^Ji'S 


-1  i'--^-->Jfff""-->--j 


■^1 

fix 

I 


distinction 
eouplea  the 
it  in  Penn- 
vho  preside 
in  the  way 
nore  malig- 
it)i  upon  the 
the  simple 
ial  districts, 
•From  their 
t,  the  nuni' 
om  three  to 
ciliary  court 
Lancaster,  a 
h  of  the  jur 
ty-eight  de- 

ninister  jus- 
Sngland  and 
ed  on  them, 
lonest  a  v^st 
(.  They  go 
Calls  to  the 
It  of  Wales, 
[aster  of  ^e 
gland  are  9S> 
ter  Sessions, 
leard  for  the 

,  they  "have 
3  law— Uitfe 
tely  any  one 
t.  inform  our 
re  oo  part  of 
rs  eepunected 
neeesiary  to 
g  away  with 

qr4»;  do  thill 

faiSHIttkMUl).' 

pii.ta-ffapnf 

a 


' 


il 

•ssertkma  (and  he  give*  us  nothing  more)  as  «  The  life  of  per- 
vons  in  tary  circvfnatanees{!)  is  thus  rendered  miaerahie,** 
**  No  person,  be  his  tituatioD  or  conduct  in  life  what  it  may,  is 
'free  from  the  never-ending  pest  of  law  suits,"  &c.  While  we 
concede  that  there  is  nothing  to  render  it  impossible  for  the  hum- 
blest individual  to  pursue  a  claim  in  a  court  of  justice — nothing 
to  drive  him  into  an  unfair  compromise — ^yet  this  evil  hai  al- 
ways appeared  to  us  sufficiently  compensated,  not  only  by  the 
speedy  redress  of  aetuid  injustice,  but  by  the  effect  which  this 
very  facility  of  access  to  the  Courts  has  in  removing  the  tempt- 
ation offered  by. a  diffibrent  state  of  things  to  the  rapacity  of 
the  em^oyer.  Captain  Hall  thinks  it  a  blessing  that  the  poor 
■hould  have  no  redress  against  knavery  and  fraud;  for  fuch  is 
the  amount  of  his  argument,  when  properly  run  out  What 
iSubtUtute  does  he  pmposoibr  the  Courts  to  that  numerous 
elassy'  to  which  he  would  render  the  latdbr  inacoesaible?  A  re- 
formation in  Pennsylvania  muf  t  be  effisetod  in  one  of  two  wa^s: 
either  by  requirins  a  Freehold  qualification,  or  the  possession 
bf  a  e^rtiin  sum  of  money  to  enter  the  Courts — or  by  render^ 
ins  the  eosts  sa  onerous  that  one  of  the  parties  must  yield  from 
exhaustion,  at  an  eariy  stage  of  the  proceedings.  Captain 
Hall  seems  to  point  to  the  l^ter  expedient  His  suggestiona, 
we  think,  are  net  Ukely  to  be  acted  on.  The  present  coits  are 
ini£B«ient]f  heavy  to  pUniah  a  vexatious  litigant,  and  they  can  al- 
wavs  ^  dirown  up<m  him  by  a  tender  of  vHiat  is  honestly  due. 
Labourers  from  abroad  are,  it  is  true,  occasionally  touched  with 
the  ambition  of  being  in  law,  for  <mcq;Jn  their  Uves-^just  to 
know  how  it  fee1a-->^|rat  the  expense  is  soon  found  to  be  mi»re 
than  the  moment^  bustle  and  excitement,  and  talk  of  the 
neighbours,  are  worth,  and  they  discover,  besides,  that  they  get 
a  bad  name  amongst  those  to  whom  they  raus^  look  for  eteploy- 
ment  We  oonllMs,  though  aot4w/ra^'«e«(«/^  radieal,  the  ut- 
most soipriae  and  disgust  at  language  which,  would  represeiit 
oar  social  eoBdkfon  as  deiriorabto,  beeause  a  oember  cf  the 
«»nMm«y  speading  elass'*— not  always  ibmmmjf«^  or  the 
most  gmeiW-ocnnot  yet  say  to  one  of  adW9i»  jte  "  jrou 
most  either  some  iiAoHtotorsfM  I  propos%^;%|aiB»i  ^f  ^ 
to  ta^tlto4|ii«on  of  thattriN^I  ifjM^ 


i 


4a 

Army  nor  Navy,  and  that  the  Cuatom  Houae  Officera  are  paid 
by  the  General  Government,  it  will  doubtteaa  puzzle  the  rea- 
der to  eonjeeture  what  can  run  away  with  so  much  money.  The 
eecret  ia,  that  it  was  employed  in  making  a  Canal,  from  the 
eastern  to  the  wcntern  part  of  the  State,  during  the  year  which 
Captain  Hall  has  selected !  Yet  we  have  not  the  alishtest  hint 
to  that  effect,  and  the  Englishman  is  led  to  suppose,  uiat,  in  the 
event  r**  emigrating  to  this  State,  he  must  expect  to  pay,  every 
year,  his  portion  of  a  sum  so  enormous.  It  would,  obviously, 
be  juit  as  fair  to  say  that  the  sums  similarly  employed  by  the 
Suke  of  Bridgewater  ought  to  be  considered  as  items  of  ex- 
pense incidental  to  his  ordinary  establishment;  and  the  capi- 
talist who  builds  a  range  of  houses  to  rent,  would  'oe  pronounced 
by  Captain  Hall  a  ruined  spendthrift.  We  can  scarcely  give 
the  tourist  credit  for  ignorance  on  this  occasion,  inasmuch  as 
the  truth  is  disclosed  m  the  very  document  which  he  quotes. 
He  has  specified  the  amount  of  the  items  of  civil  expenses,  and 
of  the  legislature,  making  together  one-tufeffllh  part  of  the  ag- 
gregate sum.  Why  silent  as  to  the  employment  of  the  residuel 
We  know  not  unless  it  be  for  the  reason  that  a  fair  disclosure 
would  show  that  this  expenditure,  which  the  reu  ier  of  course 
deems  a  yearly>reeurring  one,  wa9  in  fact  of  a  temporary  nature, 
and  that  even  the  money  actually  disbursed,  is  repr6sented  by  a 
magnificent  and  productive  public  work.  The  Governor,  in  his 
message  of  November  4thy  says,  «  There  are  now  177  milM 
of  (he  Canal  in  actual  operation.  The  works  have  been  found 
to  bepf  such  solidity  |«  to  produce  no  other  debnr  Utan  is  in- 
cident to  the  best  executed  works  -of  like  magnitude.  It  is 
confidently  hoped  tliat  early  next  summer,  thwe  will  be  not 
less  th|m  400  miles  of  the  Petonsylvania  Canid  in  full  operation. 
To  thii  extent  of  navigation  is  to  be  added,  that  of  the  Schuyl- 
kill and  LdilBh  Canals,  and  of  the  Cheaaiwiltejod  Delaware 
Cand."       ^  ^^ 

Captain  Hall  traversed  the  State  in  the  dilution  of  this  Ca- 
nal, and  was  at  points  where  the  work  was  vigorously  proceed- 
ing; and  it  is  aftct^  that  toll  wav  reoeivpd  from  it,  prior  to  ^ 
eibKeation  o(  his  book.  He  had  said,  after  speakioKof  the 
ew  York  Canal,  **  It  would  be  invidiout  and  peim^  rm- 
ther  tiresome  ta  describe  the  numerous  abortive  toteemcs  for 
Canals,  and  Rail  roads,  which  the  success  of  thb  great  work 
luB  set  on  foot,  partieulavly  a»  opportunities  of  touehiBg  Mpon 
them  will  oeour  as  we  eo  on."  Of  such  ani^povtanitjrjhe 
does  not  choose  to  ai^l  limself  in  the  ewe  of  the  Fennvflva- 
nia  Canali  even  when  exhibition  the  prod^p^  diiburtemente 
oC  the  State.  Had  he  carried  hM  Statialaap  i^llltle  fitfther  on- 
wfcd,  .he  vvauM  have  found  a  ye*^  itfgwf  wpii|iM||!i!i  ef  monwr 
by  Pumi^lvaai^  on  tiiia  aw  work.  He  has  ^i|lt  at  much 
length  on  the  Welland  C^r^l  of  Canada^  not  |«l  eemiibM. 


Lsj^ 


iiitrltlr 


rfl  arepsiil 
B  the  rM- 
tney.  The 
',  from  th« 
rear  which 
ihteat  hint 
iut,  in  the 
pay,  every 
obvioualy» 
red  by  the 
imi  of  ex- 
[  the  oapi> 
ronounoed 
reely  give 
lasmucn  as 
he  qaotca. 
tenaea,  and 
'  of  the  ag* 
le  reaidue2 
diacloBure 
'  of  course 
iry  nature, 
lented  bv  a 
lior,  in  nia 

177  milen 
\}teti  found 
Uun  is  in- 
ide.  It  ii 
rill  be  not 
operation, 
le  Schu^- 

Delaware 

>f  thia  Cft- 
y  proceed- 
trior  to  ^ 
ioKQf  the 

sksmcsler 
pfttat  work 
thing  Mpon 
irtonityhe 
P'enDvylTft- 
lUiMment* 
brdier  on- 
^tafmoD^ 
Hatttueh 


• 


43 

That  work,  when  finiahed^will  owe  its  existence  hot  to  the  ef- 
forts and  reaourcea  of  the  Provinces,  but  to  an  incorporated 
company,  the  shares  of  which  are,  it  ia  believed,  owned  prin- 
cipafly  in  Great  Britain,  particularly  by  the  Canada  Land  Com- 

Ciny,  one  of  those  joint  stuck  con'ierns  which  sprung  up  in 
ondon  in  1885.  At  all  events,  it  is  a  project  the  merit  of 
which  cannot  go  beyond  the  share-holders.  With  regard  to 
the  Pennsylvania  Canal,  the  disbursement  of  the  State,  o?  which 
every  citizen  bears  a  part,  during  a  single  year  (Report  of  the 
Treasurer  of  the  Canal  Board,  to  the  Senate,  Hazard's  Penn- 
sylvania Register,  vol.  iii.  p.  272,)  \»four  times  greater  than 
the  whole  amount  of  the  Stock  subscribed  of  the  Weiland  Ca- 
nal. (<*  Three  Years  in  Canada,  by  John  M'Taggart,  Civil 
Engineer,'^  vol.  ii.  p.  144.)  As  to  the  Rideau  Canal,  the  com- 
pletion of  which  <)aptain  Hall  urges  so  sti*ongly  on  the  Bri- 
tish Government,  Mr.  M*Taggert  (vol.  i.  p.  156,)  thinks  its  ac- 
tual cost  will  treble  that  originally  contemplated;  yet  assuming 
his  estimate  to  be  correct,  it  will  appear  that  the  kinde  year's 
expenditure  of  Pennsylvania  above  referred  to,  excecM  that  es- 
timate by  one  million  qf  dollars.  We  must  bear  in  mind  that 
Pennsylvania  derives  no  aid  from  the  general  Government, 
which  draws  so  large  a  portion  of  its  revenue  from  her  great 
seaport  Canada,  on  the  contrary,  is  not  to  render  any  as- 
siBtaace  towards  the  Rideap  Canal,  though  its  Custom  House 
duties  are  placed  at  the  disposal  of  the  Provincial  Government, 
(Captain  Hall,  vol.  i.  p.  419,)  and  our  tourist  justly  remarks, 
**  were  they  to  become  members  of  the  American  Confedera- 
cy, all  such  duties  would  be  subjeeted.to  the  control  of  the  Con- 
gress at  WiBshiagton."  These  observations  are  made  in  no  in- 
vidious temper,  ^ut  they  seem  to  heighteti  the  unfahrness  of, 
not  only  refusing  to  give  Pennsylvania  credit  for  her  energy, 
but,  by  concealing  the  objects  or  expenditure,  actually  Uimmg 
into  matter  of  reproach  aie  truly  liberal  and  enlightened  poli- 
cy by  which  her  councils  haye  been  distingundrad.  It  i»  need- 
less to  say  that  the  remark  made  with  regard  to  Pennsyiyania, 
is  oqually  amdicaUe  to  J^ew  York,  whose /NnifictjMli^anal  cost 
(G^tein  flail,  vol.  i.  p.  173,)  more  than  fmtttetn  timet  the 
■tnodnief  the  Stook  of  the  Weiland  Can  J.  The  Customs  of 
the  Mpporiof  that  State,  also,  flow  to  Uie  |^eral  goyenimtfbt, 
and'  tent  no  ^uwistaafttlh  to  the  enterpriae.     ^ 

^ortonrii^^aiieoytrvd  that  in  ewb«f.the  twenty-four  States 
of 'tte  Unioa^are  is  a  separate  jndieid  establishment,  not  ame- 
nable to  iny^iWHaMiion  h«ad,  bot  passing  finally  on  every  point 
of  hw  whloh  may  arke  hefore  i|<4r4ieinl«rsrart  ipdi  a  circum- 
stonce  most  AMiUy  ^enfiise  tho  Mfaninialratkon  of  jiMtioosr  and 
render  enwjipiill  JBtoseouFse  yeyy  unsafe.  Asthitfisa-sabjeet 
host  iU^ali(liii^  MiofttieraLreadelr  by  i«ferrv>g  to  what  is  &mi. 
Uar  tn^ilny  it^aay  btt  wv  1  to  tdio  for  that  pttT|ip6e  the  cain  of 


III  J 


r 


ir 


44 

EagtAnd  and  Seotlnnd.  «vHieh  lie  airioably  iid6  by  aide,  like  . 
New  York  and  Pern  '*,  althuuah.  the  fornner  are  of  com- 

paratively diminulif*  Will  it  be  pretended  that  there  if 

any  thing  like  the  conft  y  beiween  the  ayatema  of  law  which 
prevail  in  theae  two  parta  uf  Great  Britain,  aa  there  ia  between 
thoae  of  the  Btatea  we  have  named?  Certainly  not  by  any  one 
who  haa  the  alightest  knowledge  of  the  aubject  We  are  relieved 
from  the  neceaaity  of  furniahinK  the  varioua  refereneea  we  had 
prepared,  by  meetiDgwith  the  tollowing  remarks,  in  the  intro- 
ductory article  to  <*  The  Scota  Law  Chronicle,  or  Journal  of 
Juriaprudence  acd  Legialation,  conducted  by  Profeaaional  Oen- 
tIemen"--Hi  periodical  work  oommenced  at  Ediaburgh^  during 
the  lut  year,  and  diaplaying  great  ability. 

"  Id  Uie  reign  of  Jamea  the  First  of  England,  and  Sixth  of 
Scotland,  the  ministry,  and  particularly  Lord  Bacon,  then  6o- 
lioitor  General  of  England,  made  some  efforta  in  Parliament, 
and  otherwise,  to  assimilate  the  laws  and  praetice  of  EnsUnd 
and  Scotland;  but  the  prejudices  which  existed  on  both  sides  of 
the  Tweed  prevented  any  material  progress  being  at  that  period 
eflbeted  Sinee  that  time,  notwithstanding  the  union  of  the 
Crowns  of  both  kingdoma,  and  the  legislature  of  each,  the  laws 
of  En|^and  and  Scotland  have  been  kept  separate,  and  adminis- 
tered in  diffiHrent  forms.  The  English  system  is  distinguished 
b^  the  prefiBrenee  given  to  the  common  law  in  opposition  to  the 
cvri\  law.  7%e  &ot»  ayaigm  hot  been  taken  Jrom  the  civil 
Iwo  and  the  law*  and  cuatoi  »  qf  the  Continental  nationay^ 
particularly  Franett  betwee  nhich  and  Scotland  an  alli- 
ance and  intimate  intercottrst  exiated  many  eenturiea.  For 
example,  the  Aet  of  the  Stiets  Parliament  <)fKing  James  the 
Sixth  (aftorwarda  James  the  First  (^  England,)  1599,  c.  180, 
ia  in  the  fiaUoWing  terms — (We  give  only  the  eottoluding  words 
of  the  Stetutoi  "Aeeording  to  the  lovable  form  of  judgment  used 
in  aU  aude  tewna  of  France  <md  Flanders^  quhair  burses  are 
eraoted,  and  oooatituted  ^ni  apeeiallie  ia  Paris,  Roan,  Bor- 
deaux* Roehelie. ")  **  Foreign  lawa  and  audioritiea  were  then, 
•ad  still  are^  pemittad  to  be  quoted  in  the  Scots  courts,  with- 
out ai^  otbnr  limitation  than  the  discretion  of  the  advocati). 
&»gHth  latayera  are^  in  geheralf  prqfimndly  ignorant  tf 
*ke  Seate  Ioim,  euatoma,  and  practice f  and  strongly  pr^u- 
Jieed  againat  them.  Of  this  a  remarkable  instance  oecurred 
on  the  oecaaion  of  Wakefield's  trial  for  the  abduction  of  Miss 
Turner,  in  which  a  Scote  barrister  waa  examined  as  to  the  Scoiji 
law  of  marriage.  Mr.  Brougham,  and  an  army  oi  Engiirii 
harri«terf»  animated  by  the  amor  patriae  qfJohn  Bulli  thought 
tiiey  had  caught  the  Caledonian  in  their  own  eoil%  from  which 
he  .could  not  escape  without  exposing  Uie  ignoranco  cmT  the  Scote 
bar  ^aiierally,  and  jKreving  that  the  boaiAed  cystem  of  the  aea'* 
damieal  edittation  of  his  nation,  aa  to  tiie  oiril  law,  waa  mere 


m6iM 


iM  mtiini'i  nrii    iiflwi 


.afiiMt^siiiMlMft/— 


■ide,  like 
t  of  coin- 
it  there  ii 
law  which 
■  between 
y  any  one 
'e  relieved 
w  we  had 
the  intro- 
fournal  of 
onal  Oen> 
gh  during 

1  Sixth  of 
,  then  60- 
nrliament, 
I  EoKland 
th  aidea  of 
hat  period 
on  of  the 
I,  the  laws 
d  adminia- 
linguiahed 
ion  to  the 

the  civil 
I  nationty 
i  an  alli- 
rie».  For 
Jamef  the 
3,  c.  180) 
ling  words 
^ent  used 
kniraea  are 
^0,  Bor> 
werethen, 
irto,  with- 

advocat6. 
twranf  qf 
r/y  pr^u- 
3  oecumd 
B  of  Miss 
9  the  Sc4>iji 
4:  English 
f/f  thought 
rom  whieh 
r  the  Scots 
>f  the 


was  mere 


46 

ihim  and  farce.  In  another  instance,  on  the  appointment  of 
«  Scots  barrister  to  be  a  judji^e  at  the  Cape  of  (loo«l  Hoon,  Mr, 
Brougham,  in  his  place  of  Parliament,  arraigned  the  Govern- 
ment for  •OTorlookmg  the  English  bar.  In  his  opinion  it  was 
<' absurd"  lu  send  judges  from  the  Scottish l)ar  to  the  Colonies." 
The  writers  add,  ♦«  it  not  unfrcquently  happeiio  that  what  is  hciu 
to  be  sound  law  and  equity  in  Scotiund,  is  held  the  reverte  in 
Englanci.  Mr.  Sugden,  lately,  in  an  appeal  case,  before  the 
Peers,  in  which  he  was  counitel,  delivered  a  tirade  against  the 
whole  law  of  Scotland.  This  celebrated  ebullition  lias  raised 
bis  fame,  &c.  (ib.)    .    .         - 

One  imporUnt  ciroumstanoo  is  not  referred  to  by  this  writer, 
viz.,  that  by  the  18th  Article  of  the  Union,  it  is  declatsd  that 
tke  lawa  relating  to  private  rights  are  not  to  be  artered^  but 
for  the  ^'evident  utility  of  the  people  of  Scotland,"  a  provir 
sion,  the  jealous  cautidn  of  whieh  may  have  contributed  to  throw 
insuperable  obstaclea  in  the  way  of  a  legislative  effort  at  assimi- 
lation, even  if  it  could,  under  any  circumstances,  be  deemed 
{>racticable  to  breaji  up,  and  remodel,  a  system  which  has  been  so 
ong  accomodating  itself  to  the  exigencies,  as  well  as  to  the  ha- 
bits and  prejudices,  of  the  people.  What  are  the  consequences 
of  this  state  of  things?  Does  the  English  trader  deem  it  boces- 
■ary  to  purchase  a  Library  of  Scots  Law  Books,  before  he  opens 
an  account  at  Edinburgh  or  Glasgow?  He  thinks  no  more  of 
this,  than  of  learning  French  and  studying  the  Code  Napoleon, 
before  he  sends  an  order  to  France  for  silks  or  brandy.  Nay, 
he  is  compelkkl  to  remain  in  the  same  ignorance  of  the  law  of 
his  own  country,  for  it  has  long  been  held  a  point  of  ridicule 
to  attempt  to  master  it,  and  the  reports  in  every  morning's 
newspaper,  furnish  him  with  new  grounds  of  marvel  at  its  un- 
certainty. He  is  fain  to  rely  on  the  presumption  that  there  will 
be  found,  in  eveiy  civUised  country,  certain  general  principles 
of  jastiee  and  good  faith,  by  which  his  ri^hta  will  be  protected, 
riiould  he  unfortunately  be  involved  in  litigation. 

Bat  Captain  Hall  will  ask,  have  I  not  h^ard  of  "  Scotch  Ap^ 
peal  Caises^"  and  are  not  the  questions  which  th^  involve  final- 
ly ee'  ^ed  in  Hie  House  of  Lords !"  Certunly  they  are,  but  these 
eases  aettle  <^y  points  of  Scots  Law.  They  bring  it  into  no 
greater  eonformity  with  that  of  Engbnd.  In  the  same  mannerv 
on  tiie  1st  of  December  last,  there  came  before  the  Privy  Cc^a- 
eil  the  case  of  Simpson  v.  Forrester,  an  appeal  from  the  Island 
of  Demarara,  (See  Morning  Herald  of  December  2d. )  It  was 
eurious,  in  the  middle  of  the  proceedings,  to  see  The  PaymaS' 
ter  qftke  Ihrte»  come  in  and  take  his  seat  at  the  Board.  The 
eontroveny  tamed  on  the  principlea  of  the  Dotob  Civil  Law^ 
and  was  argued  aeoordingly;  but  we  feel  periU^ed  that  the 
paina-takioji  and  laborious  fathers  of  that  sy stnli  would  have 
Deen  yeiyluttle  edified  by  the  discugsioR.    Without  going  to 


wr 


46 


I 


Indin,  or  Canadn,  or  the  Cape  of  Good  Hope,  we  may  note  that 
the  outukirta  of  the  Mother  laland  itaclt  ara  governed  by  aya- 
tema  of  hiw  cflacntially  diiTorout  from  each  other.  Thua  "tin 
lale  of  Man  ia  a  diatinct  territory  from  England,  and  ta  not  go- 
verned by  our  Inwav"  (Hlackatono.)  "The  iaianda  of  Jeraey, 
Ouernacy,  Sark,  Aldcrney,  and  their  apptrndagea,  were  parcel 
of  the  Duchy  of  Norniandy,  and  were  united  to  the  crown  of 
England  by  the  Prat  Princes  of  the  Norman  line.  They  are 
govsrned  by  their  own  lawa,  which  are  for  the  most  part  the  dw 
cat  customs  ^Normandy,  being  collected  in  an  ancient  book 
oi  Tcry  great  authority,  entitled  Le  Grand  Costumier.  The 
King's  writ  or  proceas  from  the  Courts  of  Weatminster^  is  there 
of  no  force,  "—(ib.) 

1'hua,  then,  we  have  the  comfort  to  know  that  the  various 
parts  of  this  great  commercial  empire — nay,  portions  of  the 
same  iaia'nd,-— «ie  under  the  dominion  of  lawa  radically  disaimi- 
lar  in  their  principles,  their  forms  of  proceeding,  and  even  in 
theit-  lantuage;  and  yet,  none  of  these  "  moral  convulsiona" 
hav^  resulted  with  which  CapUin  Hall  «o  seriously  threateu 
the  unhappy  people  of  the  United  States. 

But  it  happens  to  be  our  ningular  good  fortune  to  enjoy  a  de- 
gree of  similarity  in  the  laws  throughout  the  United  Sutea,  un- 
precedented elaewhere.  The  Common  Law  prevails,  with  • 
trifling  exception,  over  the  whole  of  the  Union.  There  it 
scarcely  a  patois  in  iU  dialect  The  lawyer  of  Pennsylvania 
can  advise  a«  to  a  case  depending  in  New  York,  so  far  as  it  turnN 
on  common  law  principles.  The  bodu  resorted  to  are  pracise- 
ly  the  same.  And  so  of  Uie  other  Statea,  from  Maine  to  Geor- 
gia. The  text  book  throughout  is  Blackftione,  and  each  mind 
u  incumbent  over  tihe  same  principles. 

One  striking  advanUge  of  this  state  of  things  is,  that  the  la- 
bours of  every  lawyer,  and  every  judge,  render  a  mutual  aid. 
A  happy  illustration-**  fortunate  reference— or  a  striking  ana- 
logy, 18  not  a  mere  local  benefit  Every  member  of  the  pro- 
fesMon  knows  instantly  w^ere  to  common-place  it  In  Great 
Britain,  on  the  contrary,  England  and  Scotland  oflTer  no  such 
oo-operAtion.  They  are  engaged  on  different  systems.  The 
workings  of  the  Scotch  mind  are  unknown  to  EnKllsh  juriipra- 
dence.  Mr.  Jeffrey  once  asked  with  a  sneer,  "  Who  reads  an 
American  Book?"  We  may  ask,  in  nslurn,  **  Who  reads  a 
Scotch  case?"  The  force— the  acctjness— the  learning  of  the 
North  offer  co  contribution  to  the  general  stock.  This  i»  un- 
doubtedly a  great  evIL  When  we  recollect  wh»t  Scotland  haa 
done  for  the  Philosophy  of  the  Human  Mind,  and  for  Medicine, 
it  is  painful  to  reflect  how  completely  her  great  lotelleetual  pow- 
er* have  been  k>st  to  us  in  Law,  and  that  the  very  torms  wlyoh 
the  Jujdge  emjptosrc,  are  an  dmoit  inoompcebenaible  jargon.  ,. 


■  I  iij>f,jatifcriiir>it.«faaiii«>i  JuiadiiaMn^iiiii*.  w«l»iiMi«dWblfaiii»JW»&«*i,yu«i»*iiMW 


.mfmkmmmiitiiii  uin  lifffflttiiiife'iiiaii'iiifgw^i^'"-' 


im 


y  note  that 
lecl  by  9y»- 
Thua  '<  the 
1  ti  not  go- 
of Jersey, 
were  parcel 
e  crown  of 
They  are 
lart  the  dw 
loicnt  book 
nier.  The 
ter,^  is  there 

the  Tirioui 
iona  of  the 
liy  disaimi- 
md  even  in 
tnvulsiona'* 
y  threeteiM 

enjoy  a  de- 
States,  an- 
tils,  with  • 
There  is 
snnaylvania 
raa  itturiw 
ire  ppecise- 
ae  to  Gaor- 
each  mind 

that  the  la- 
mutual  aid. 
riking  aha- 
of  the  pro- 
In  Great 
fer  no  such 
etna.  The 
ih  jurisprv- 
ho  reads  Ml 
i^ho  reads  a 
uing  of  the 
Tbi0i»UQ- 
cotland  has 
*  Medicine, 
eeUialpow- 
nrms  which 
jargon. 


41 

« *teH>ana  liie  turn  qui*  nan  inteUigor  ulli." 

It  is  said,  with  an  air  of  treat  alarm,  that  Reports  aro  pub- 
liahed  of  dcciaiona  in  the  different  State  Courtn,  and  that  this 
multiplicity  of  hooka  muat  lead  to  confuaion.  Let  it  be  recol- 
lected, however,  that  the  deciaion  made  in  each  Stat^,  whether 
right  or  wrong,  furnishea  a  conclusive  rule  in  that  State.  It  is 
not  the  lean  uniform  and  unvai^ing  in  its  application,  l>ecause  a 
different  rule  may  obtain  in  England,  or  in  any  of  the  aiater 
States.  There  is  no  oonfuaion  or  faltering  in  the  actual  admU 
nistration  of  Justice.  Why,  then,  should  harm  result  from  the 
publication  of  decisions?  If  they  had  remainef',  be  it  obserred, 
in  manuscript  or  in  the  memory,  nobody  would  be  perplejiedi 
and  they  would  interest  no  one  beyond  the  limits  of  &e  par- 
ticular State.  The  benefit  to  be  derived  from  their  publication 
is  manifest  If  a  lawyer  in  Pennsylvania  be  anxious  to  learn 
how  the  law  atands  on  a  particular  point  in  New  York,  he  as- 
sumes, that  Chilty  or  Sugden,  will  Airniah  a  elue,  but  it  is  all 
the  better  if  he  can,  instead  of  writing  to  New  York  for  in- 
formation,  refer  to  an  Index  of  decisions,  and  ascertain,  in  a 
moment,  whether  the  question  has  actually  engaged  the  atten- 
tion of  the  Judges  of  that  Sute.  It  will  not  be  denied  that  the 
practitioner  as  welt  as  the  citizen  of  the  Sute,  in  which  the 
decisions  form  a  binding  rule,  is  greatly  interested  in  having 
them  placed  within  his  reacK  through  the  press.  But  the  com- 
plaint is,  that  elsewhere,  each  volume  publiahed  forms  a  dis- 
tressing addition  to  the  Law  Catalogiies. 

According  to  this,  it  would  lead  to  great  confusion  in  Eng- 
landy  if  the  Scots  Reports  wiere  intelligible  to  the  English  bar-! 
rister;  and  it  would  be  much  better  for  us,  if  the  systems  of 
law,  in  the  several  States,  were  so  decrepant  that  no  one  of 
them  could  borrow  illustration  f^^m  the  other.  Suppose  our 
neighbour  Mexico,  were  to  adopt  the  Common  Law — ought 
we  to  regret  the  circumstsnee!  Captain  H[all  says,  i^m— be- 
eause  here  would  be  a  twenty-fifth  •'  co-ordinate''  tribunal  on 
the  same  continent,  deciding  points  of  Isw,  and,  by  and  by, 
volumes  of  reporta  will  come  out  to  annoy  and  perplex  us.*  It 
might,  with  quite  as  much  force,  be  urged,  that  the  mnltipli- 
eitjr  of  reports  published  in  the  United  States,  is  eatculatedto 
ccMiftise  the  English  Courts.  These  books  profess  to  iliusthtte 
fbts  Common  Law,  and,  if  possessed  of  merit,  there  is  no  rea- 
son why  they  should  not  be  sought  for,  andrekd,  wherever  that 
law  prevails.  They  are  no.  more  binding  on  the  Courts  of  the 
other  Sutes,  than  on  the  King's  Bench.  Their  weight,  out  of 
the  partieuUr  State,  is  derived  not  from  th<;  offioial  character 
of  ue'person  who  has  pronounced  the  decision,  but  from  tho 
deface  of  talmt,  wfaieh  is  supposed  to  have  been  broaxht  to 
its  eompoiitSon.  An  Essay  b)r  Mr.  Kent,  or  Mr.  Spencer,  will 
•nry  grMtir  ioflaence  than  a  judicial  opinion  of  'iie  Court  over 


fill       '    ■     IIWI 


I 


IF''* 


which  t)wf  reA«ntl?  |n«fli<1«id.  In  ihort,  mppoainK  what  it  not 
th«  fid,  t^t  M«h  6«tU>  had  iin  reporter,  the  r«auk  would  b«  ba- 
thing mf)T9t  tluii  if  twenty-four  centlemen  iif  profeMlon*!  r*** 
pMtftbilUy  wttre  empbyed  in  puwiahing  ao  many  MlttioiM^  of 
BlaokatotiOv  or  tny  other  elementary  writer,  with  eonmonM. 
Whoever'will  take  the  trouble  to  glaaae  orer  theao  nmtU,  or 
•fen  to  look  over  a  digeator  them  will  be  turpriaed  to  N«d  how 
little  diaerepMey  thovo  if  unongat  the  different  tribunals.  TiMy 
rvMli  tlM  mmm  eottiolaaioo  with  a  greater  or  leaa  diaplay  of  i««rn> 
ing  asfl  iBgemity.  fhk  tUt  will  be  very  apparent  on  looking 
orer  a  atandard  EligUah  work,  republiahed  ••  with  American 
notMk"  Tbo  reault,  then,  will  not  be  aa  Captain  Hall  auppoaea, 
a  *'  laord  eoirrulaioo,"  but  that  it  will  not  be  thotight  neeea- 
aary  for  the  lawyer  to  run  hia  eye  eagerly  over  the  Index  of 
fyery  Toliimo  t)i»t  afipeara  in  law-hindinc.  Tho  truth  ia,  eTe> 
ry  one  muat  know  tne  utter  impoaaibility  of  maatering  oren 
what  ia  of  eatahlished  authority  in  the  law.  Who  can  protend 
to  have  read  Viner'i  Abridgment,  and  verified  all  the  rtfor- 
encea?  "If,"  oiya  Lord  E^akine,  "a  man  wore  to  begin  to 
read  hia  Ltw  Ubirary  through,  he  would  be  aonenuinualed  be- 
fore he  came  to  the  end."  l^ven  in  Selden'a  day,  **Tho  main 
thing  ia  to  know  where  to  aearch."  (Table  Talk.)  Amongat 
thia  vaat  collection  of  booka  acme  principle  of  aoleetion  rauat, 
of  courae,  be  adopted,  and  the  be«t,  undoubtedly,  ia  that  of  r«- 
forting  to  thb  great  maater  apirlU  of  the  ayatem.  The  late 
Mr.  Finknev,  who  stood  at  the  head  of  the  American  bar,  ne- 
ver tired  of  Coke  Littleton.  In  thia  aeience,  aa  in  every  other, 
atudenta  are  dtivoo  to  adopt  Pliny'a  rule  of  reading  not  <*  mul- 
t%"  iMit  '*  quillnpa^"  .  It  cannot  be  a  grievance  to  the  Ameri- 
can lawver  tjlMt  Mne  of  theae  atandarf  work*  are  th«  prodiie- 
tio^  of  hia  «wn.  oouotry.  - 

We  ahoiit<l  ^ote  that,  in  thelTnited  Stated  th^interpretatidn 
of  the  Cocatitutioo,  of  Tteatiea,  atui  tii  Acta  of  Congreaa,  reata 
exclu«^vely  with  the  Supreme  Court  of  the  Union.  A  caae  in- 
volving •  question  of  thia  kind,  and  decided  adyerady  to  the 
Qlaiflv  9et  up  undes  either  of  them,  may  be  carried  to  that  tri- 
bunal even  though  it  originate  in  a  State  Court 

In  expoaing  ue  miatdus,  into  which  our  tooriat  ia  aare  to 
isU  'whenever  hia  criticism  saaumea  s  definite  ahape,  we  have 
l^ven  the  only  anawer  Which  ecm  well  be  fomiahed  to  the 
greater  part  of  hia  book.  As  to  general  invective  agsinst  bohI* 
ur  inQvenoe,  it  is  precisely  the  knguago  which  ever^  MspM, 
would  hold  with  regard  to  this  eeuntry.  If  Don  Hi^M  -w«f# 
to  publish  an  aecoqnt  of  his  visik  to  Engteud,  be  migiil  Imctmv 
nostfOf  theea  psges,  and  the  only  poeaibb  answer  ws»W  be  |» 
aefc  bin,  ap  we  do  Captain  HaU,  *«  peiat  oat  the  tvfhi  wMlft 
hstve resulted  Cram  it  He  seems  to  thiak,  that  he  Hstni^ 
out  his  ease  very  triamphantly  against  tiie  people,  by  sipH 


[  what  it  not 
irouldlMlia- 

•«ltti«}B»of 


I  raMrtifOr 

toH*d  h*w 
1Mb.  TiMy 
UyeflMrn* 
t  OB  looking 
\  American 
ill  wppoMf, 
Might  necM- 
it>  Index  of 
ruth  ia,  ere- 
itering  ewn 
o«n  pratond 

II  the  rtfero 
I  to  begin  to 
innuaied  be> 

<*Tho  main 
I  Amongat 
letion  nuMtf 
la  that  of  r«- 
.  The  lata 
can  bar,  ne- 
every  other, 
;  not  "  mul« 

the  Ameri- 
the  produe- 

jiterpretatidn 

Dgreca,  reati 

Acaaein- 

nrady  to  tho 

to  that  tri- 

iat  ia  aare  to 
pe,  we  have 
ahed  to  the 
igKinitBO|^ 
tveay  ABflpot 
Mipdwer* 

Mnla 

Im  hM.i 

e^bywlniqi 


40 

wkal  we  would  think  of  their  deciding  upon  <«  the  b«i(  Uad  of 
iwenl  in  the  maehtnery  of  ■  Chroeonie«tr,"  or  "  how  a 
•tntoiM  ahip  nhould  be  got  off  a  reef  of  reeka."  Thia  iiigu- 
mtol,  loo,  will  apply  juat  aa  well  to  England  M  to  Araorioo, 
INUiflk  by  a  peculiar  plan  of  reform,  he  can  eontri're  to  dlaAwi* 
dliwf^l  except  the  rotten  boroughi.  The  votera  who  actually 
roluni  RBombera  to  Parliament  he  will  acareely  deacribe  aa  men 
of  profound  learning  and  aagacity.  lltmt  then,  pro  lanto,  la  a 
▼ioioua  part  of  the  ayatem.  Hut,  fartkor,  evea  anofioeing  the 
queetiona  preaented  to  a  voter,  to  he  a«  abeUmeo  aa  tho  pointa  to 
which  CapUin  Hall  reflsra,  we  muai  beg  him  to  reoMunbor  that 
the  latter  may  come,  even  in  Kngland,  before  tho  vory  poraona 
whom  he  ao  much  deridaa.  Sujppoao  an  aetioni  oC  4i  conlra<^' 
for  a  aupply  of  the  beat  deeeription  of  Chronometera,  or  a  con- 
teat  between  the  maater  of  a  ahip,  and  hia  owners,  or  IVeightera, 
ee  to  the  eserciae  of  due  diligence  and  akill,  the  deeiaion  muat, 
in  either  oaae,  unavoidably,  devolve  on  the  very  men,  aa  jurora, 
whom  Captain  Hail  holda  in  auoh  aovereign  contempt  They 
llalon  to  teatimony,  aa  the  voter  doea  to  political  reaaoning,  but 
tho  ultimate  reaponaibility  ia  thrown  on  thoir  judgment  Such 
ia  the  peril  of  an  illuatrationt 

It  ahould  be  mentioned,  by  the  way,  that  Captain  Hall,  by 
aaiuming  what  he  deema  a  graceful  air  of  candour,  aeema  to  have 
prepared,  in  anticipation,  an  apology  for  the  blundera  into  which 
hie  raahneae  might  lead  him.  Thui,  at  Philadelphia,  a  gentle- 
man took  him  to  taak,  about  an  opinion  on  the  aut^ect  of  lan- 
|ua|e,  whieh  he  had  advanood  in  hia  book  on  Loo  Choo.  **  Be> 
lore  he  proceeded  far  in  hil  argun)ent,  ho  rpado  it  quite  eleer, 
that  I  had  known  little  or  nothing  of  th«  nuttorj  an^  when  at 
length,  he  aaked,  whjf  tueh  aiattiment*  k«d  Mi  put  forth, 
thora  waa'no  eoawer  to  bo  made,  but  that  i^  Dr«Johnaon  to  tho 
ladv,  who  diaoovered  a  wrong  deftnitioh  b  kie  Otetionary, 
**  MMor  ignorance,  madam!"  Now,  we  very  nitieh  qoeaiion  hia 
right  to  take  r^go  under  the  mantle  of  Dr.  Johbacrti,  and  we 
are  quite  euro  that  the  Doctor  would  hate  indignantly  repelled 
him.  Tho  boft  of  human  wo^ka,  after  the  moat  aAxioue  prepa- 
ration, are  liable  to  orrori  but  thia  ia  aeareely  a  auffleitont  vindi- 
eaiion  of  him  who  travela  out  of  hia  proper  aphere,  and  haiarda 
rockltii  aeaertiona  about  mattera  whieh  he  haa  not  evert  ettonipt- 
od  to  maiter.  Ho  mev  miilead  the  ignorant,  while  ho"  cuiaot 
fonder  the  alightett  aid  to  thoae  who  are  competent  to  forM  an 
dpinion.  Captain  Hall  thinka  it  very  abaurd  to  auppow  that  an 
''AmoflMtn  eitiMn  ii  aualified  to  exereiae,  underatandindy,  the 
'  r{dllilifiKyftiige{  and  yet  ho  undertakes,  daring  hia  ride  ovor 
mi^tmlfHo  donotanoo  all  iti  ioftitutioM  «nd  ito  whole  eoune 

wtpdeeod  to  noiieo  MHoaotfthlrttinticiW  MiiMmiit  do- 
's :^? 


ip^ 


"mm 


m 


He  h%»  ilMrantiH),  Itr^^riy,  on  liin  prteiie«  of  i^tvtng  to  Otfr 
isowna  th«  ntmat  of  th«  nclebrtled  plteca  or  ptnon*  of  antkiui* 
t«|  M«l  (his  pMt  of  hia  liook  aflTorda,  parhapi,  •  prm^y  fair  ap^ 
MOMa  of  lh«  pow(tf  of  rcaaonrng  ami  r«tA«c(ion  which  \\»  uia- 
playaon  toniM,  imI  <l«maiiiltnK  any  (•nnatilulional  or  Innal  know* 
radya.  Wma  h«  (irat  hrani  th«fl«  lowna  familiarly  apokan  of, 
bjr  <*  atafo  driv^ra,  and  alaK*  paaaoncara,"  ha  (alia  ua,  thai  "  an 
invohintary  amilo  found  ita  way  Ui  tnd  li|>a,  fullowwi  oftan  by  • 
good  hoarty  lau|^  "  lit,  aftarwartla,  undtirweni  a«v«ral  change* 
of  opinio*  on  th«  aubjact  to  which  we  ahaii  tdrsrt*  alltr  firit  o^ 
foriag  a  fiiw  woriA»  or  osplanation.  .'  ^   \  ■ . 

Thai  a  (own  eonlaining  a  larga  numbar  of  hooiaa  and  inhabi- 
tanta,  ia  antidad  to  a  nama  of  aome  kind  or  othar,  will  acarr«ly 
be  denied.    Haringi  than,  axhauated  the  old  a(oek  of  family  ap> 

Cfllativea,  whither  are  wo  to  turn?  The  ahifta  to  which  England 
aa  reaofted  are  truly  embarraaaing  to  a  stranger.  Thua^  if  ho 
hare  an  acquaintance  at  **  Neweaatle,"  he  may  not  hope  that  a 
letter,  thua  directed,  will  reach  it*  deatination  by  mail,  unlaaa  h« 
know  whe(her  the  proper  addition  be  *'  unJer  /An»t"  or  **  Ufon 
7yn«."  Then  (here  ia  ••  Hanlay  Mpon  Thame*,'*  and  «  I1«i- 
Ity  in  t^rtUn"  4ic.  Itc.  In  London,  too,  the  aanse  aeanty  nc^ 
meoelaturo  ia  a  aoarce  of  like  ineonvenianoe.  The  American 
Oonaul'a  Office  ia  in  Biahopagate  Street;  aye,  but  •<  Biahopa|$at« 
8(r*«t  wUhin,"  or  **  Biaho|Mgata  Stufl  withouir'  The  word 
Mto  Is  in  pm^uat  reqtiiaition,  *' A«t0  Bond  Street,"  "New 
Buriiogton  Straet,"  ke.,  whilat  halfni-doien  of  the  aame  namo 
•ra  diranguiahabia  onlv  aa  attaekit  to  different  Squaraa.  aai 
ara  Tory  maeh  oAndad,  if  tb*  title  ba  oot  given  in  full.  Svary 
atraiifer  remambara,  "  I  have  ordered  auppar  to-night  in  BoaU 
tihoap,"  but  if  Im  90  in  purauit  of  the  Boar'a  Head  with  no  othar 
etua,  h«  ia  quito  «nkbarraaaad  to  find,  that  io  tha  mareh  of  ia- 
provaaient,  there  ia  «« Orwt  Eaatehaap,"  and  **  LUth  EaaU 
ehaap,"  and  in  hia  vexation,  ha  ia  tamplad  to  wiah  that  thaaa 
paopie  had  known,  where,  aa  Falataff  Mjv  **•  ooMoMditjr  of 
good  uamea  were  to  ba  booght."  "  :  Hi 

To  obviate  thia  liability  to«oofua(on  !•,  of  iouraa,  tha  Aral  0^ 
jaot,  and  though  thar*  ba  not  mueh  in  a  name,  yet,  in  making  a 
•rioation,  it  ia  quite  natural  that  aome  refijrence  to  a  feeling  of 
propriatjr  ahould  mingle  in  tha  debate.  Captain  Hall  would  hava 
bean  atartled  at  coming  to  a  plaee  called  ^igitra,  juat  aa  h« 
would  have  looked  round  with  aurpriae,  at  hearing  an  AoMrieaa 
aaluted  aa  Benedict  Arnold.  In  domeatio  life  we  are  foad  of 
coofiirriag  on  our  children  namea  which  may  place  before  thair 
eyaa,  na  modela,  aueh  of  our  relativea  aa  ware  moat  eatimable  for 
ooaduct  and  character,  ao  aa  not  only  to  furniah  a  MMroua  in- 
eontive  to  virtue,  but  a  pcfpetuai  rebuke  of  unwortbiiMMa.  W« 
▼antim  to  aaaert,  that  tbia  important  matter  waa  duly  attandad 
U^  ia  nforaoce  to  GapUin  Halloa  amiable:  Uttla  fdlow-tnvolkv. 


I 

i 


I II  wtMWiwraaMMiSii- 


mm 


tng  to  our 
of  antkiui- 
ijr  fair  m*- 
ieh  h»  <il»- 
l«gal  know- 
*pokwi  of, 
I,  thai  "  to 
I  ofttn  bjr  a 
ral vhnnKea 
Eiir  Aral  oi- 

ind  inhalki- 
ill  acarfcly 
r  family  ap- 
rh  EnglaiKl 
I'hua^  if  h« 
lOfM  that  • 
I,  unlaM  he 
'  wr**UB*m 
ind  <«  Ilmi- 

■caaty  no- 
I  American 
liahopa|$at« 

Th«  word 
t,"  ••  New 
nine  name 
auarea.  mmI 
ill.  Evwy 
U  in  BMi- 
ttinaotlMr 
ireh  of  in- 
•Ulle  EMt- 
I  th«tth«M 
anodity  o£ 

th«firatoi»- 
n  making  • 
a  feeling  of 
would  iMTe 
juft  aa  he 
1  Americas 
ire  feed  of 
lefore  th«ir 
itimeblefor 
iMToiM  in- 
iii«w.  We 
lyatt«ml«d 
v-tnif«ltor. 


» 


It 

tifad  fioertrer  tnontha.  In  tftinn  on  ihi*  unalofi^y,  it  happ»n«, 
*h«t  aa  wj  a  «i  >he  oldeat  hoiuM  renu'ilio,  we  are  n«co«aarily 
^ven  Uet'  t(  anaient  timca.  Now,  t*  la  aini^ulariy  uafortunaln 
for  ua,  that  all  tne  Captain'a  prrjudieaa  run  In  an  oiaitlv  oppo- 
•tte  diraaliin  irom  onra.  I'hiia  he  ritUeiilaa  the  Htate  I^k'''*' 
inrta,  beea-«  hv.  Anda  in  Ihmn,  Farmora,  *'  nut,  however,  likfl 
the  Rn||lah  (lenlkmnn  farmer,  for  aurh  eiiaraetera  do  twi  ax« 
lit,  and  cannot  eaiat  in  any  part  of  the  United  Slaleit.  th-  y  are 
man  wH«>  follow  the  plounh.'*  Of  rourae,  Ind  he  hof^n  on«  of 
tho«j  whj  waited  on  Cincinnalua,  in  old  timea,  to  olier  him  the 
dietatorahip,  and  found  hiro  ancaged  in  the  aaoie  deroKalory  em- 
ployment, Captain  Hall  would  have  turned  HIT  with  huge  dia- 
^t\a — htvo  pronounced  the  Roman  to  Imj  "wt  ganiMman,"  and 
4«i:lartd  that  he  waa  not  at  all  thr  aort  of  per^n  for  Wtuit  pur- 
po««.  W'len,  therefore,  he  found  a  gitsat  town  aalled  aP.^-r  auch 
a  t><!raonage.  liia  amile,  we  Map«at,  waa  at  figuring  to  himaelf  thf 
odd  idea  of  a  General  holding  the  plough  Imoa.  Hut  let  ua  hea" 
firat  hia  reaaoning  in  our  favour,  and  th<>n  the  j^rounda  of  hia  con- 
damnation.  He  repreaenU  himeelf  to  have  become  aahamed  of 
Uie  mirthful  r.  Irit  whioh  he  at  Arat  manifeated,  *«  All  theae  «,n- 
eoufteoua  ami  <rrepreaaible  feeling!  of  ridicule,  (i.  e.  a  loud  'aa- 
pnfJent  «augh  m  the  lace  of  hia  fellow-paaaciignra,  at  worda  irci- 
daetally  occurrinf,  in  their  converaation,)  ••  were  I  hoped  quito 
eradicate. )."  He  i>egan  to  think,  that  the  Anie.iQ.inf,  ''aliheugh 
they  had  bruken  tl.t  eurdaof  national  union,  were  atill  diepeaed 
to  bind  themaelvea  Ih  us,  by  the  tlua  of  cj^.'-ical  aentiment  at 
UmL"  He  ihua  prooeei:?:  "  By  tho  aame  train  of  friendly  rea« 
aoning,  I  w*ta  led  to  imagine  it  poaaible,  that  the  adoption  of  auoh 
namea  a  •  Auburn—*  lovelieat  villige  of  the  plain'— Port  Byron, 
and  the  innumerable  Londona,  Dublin*,  Bditibwgha,  and  aoon, 
weve  indicative  of  a  latent  or  lingsring  kindlineaa  towarda  t}.a 
old  country.  The  notion,  that  it  «raa  degrading  to  the  vener a- 
fele  Roman  namea,  to  fix  them  upon  theae  muahroom  towna  in 
the  wiiderneaa,  I  eembated,  I  fattered  myaelf  aomewhat  adrf>it- 
ly,  on  the  principle,  that,  ao  ft  r  from  the  memory  of  Ithaca  or 
Pyracoae,  or  any  aoeh  place,  hung  degraded  by  the  appropria- 
tion, the  honour  rather  lay  with  the  ancienta,  Tho,  it  ic  the  fa- 
ahioo  to  take  for  gt anted,  enjoyed  a  leaa  amount  of  freedom  ind 
intdligenoe  than  their  modem  njimeaakea.  '  Let  ua,'  I  aaid  one 
day,  to  a  friend,  who  wia  impugr  ing  theae  doctrioea,  « take  Syra- 
oaae  for  example,  whioh  ic;  the  v  ear  1890,  conaiated  of  one  houae, 
one  mill,  and  one  iav«T>;  now)  in  1687,  it  holda  fiAeeo  hundred 
ii^iMtanta,  haa  two  large  obUrelie*,  innumerable  wealthy  ahopa, 
fitkldwith  cooda  brought  there  bv  water-carriage  from  every  cor- 
nar  Of  tllo  Globe;  tWlarga  vd  a^inndid  botela)  many  doxena  of 
ffomf  Horoa  or  whtakey  alio;a;  aavoral  buay  printing  oreaaca, 
WW  of  which  iaauea  n  w-^ily  oewapaper;  a  datiy  puat 


f  roHi  M 

ttomiMmnh  tha  aoutb,  ff'jd  ti>«  rest; 


bM  a  broad  raou  run* 


K.i",3.jmm^^j 


•mtmm^mm^ 


52 


ning  through  its  bosom  i  in  short*  it  is  a  great  and  frae  city. 
Where  is  this  to  be  mstohtM)/  I  exolaimea,  'io  Ancient  Italy 
or  Greece?' "    .        , 

*'  It  grieves  ne  much,  however,  to  have  the  ungracious  task 
forced  upon  me*  of  entirely  demolishing  my  own  pla^sible  bao-< 
diwork.  But  truth  rendera  H  necessary  to  declare,  that  on  a 
longer  acquaintance  with  all  these  m«tters,  I  discovered  that  I 
was  all  in  the  wrong,  and  that  there  was  not  a  word  of  sense  in 
what  I  had  utter^  with  ao  much  atudied  candour.  What  is  the 
most  provoking  proof,  that  this  fine.doetrine  of  profitable  asso' 
ciations  wss  practically  absurd,  is  the  fact,  that  av^n  I.myMlf, 
thoucb  comparatively  so  little  acqusinted  with  the'  olaasieal 
loundirig  placea  in  question,  have,  alas!  seen  aod  heard  enou^ 
of  thesfi,  to  have  nearly  all  my  classical  recollections  swept  away 
by  the  contact*.  Now»  therefore,  whenever  J  meiat  with  the 
name  o/  p  Roman  city,  or.  an  author,  or  f  general,,  instead  of 
having  my  thoughts  carried  back,  aa  heretofore,,  to  the  regions 
of  antiquity,  I  am  transported  forthwith,  in  imaftiqation,  to  the 
post-road  on  nty  way  to  Lake  Erie,  and  my  jouits  and  bones 
turn  sore  at  the  bare  recollection  of  joltinosyand  other  nameless 
vuJffar  annoyances  by  day  and  by  night,  wbicH  I  much  fear,  will 
outuve  al|.  the  RUte  oIaasicsl>  knowledge  of  my  Juvnik  dsys.'' 

When  we  remember  that  the  cari^  emigratUi  to  Rome  wero 
thieves  and  out-thr^ts^-that  its  comer  stone  wai  atained  by  the 
blood  of  thftfeupder'i  brother-^th«t  wives  were  procured  from 
the  Sabines  by,  a  process  of  courtship^  for  which*  io  modern 
timea,^  the  wooers  would  be  all  hanged  or  tr808portcdir-.and  that 
the  very  site  of  the  infant  town  was  chosen  from  some  absurd 
superstition  aboutaflightof  bird*— the  presttmptioDof  ad(^ng 
even  that  proud  name,  may  tiot,  perhaps,  bo<deeni>ed  altogeihev 
unpardonable..  .  TheM.  towns  l^ve  grown  Aip  with  a  rapidity 
nreat^r,  than  that  of  Rome.  ',  They  were  Viqded  by  meoi  who 
brought  with  thtem  virtuous  wives  aod  dtuf^Mwrsi  and  whose 
earliest  ^tgject,  in  the  case  referr^  to  by  the  tourist,  was  to  huild 
«iwo  largiB  churches"-  for  the  iHir^ope  of  w||rshipping  (l<>d  sc-. 
cordliog;  to  the  dictates.of  that  relii^on  fpr,  which  psptaio  Hall 
imfMfWI  a  v«ry  sincere  ceelt  He  «iii|ht  well  arte,  then,  whether ' 
t|b  ongio  oif  way  heathen  tourn  of  antiquity  pceecnita  a  spectado 
half  sovinjteresting  to  the  philao.thr^i^t  or  the  Christian. 

But  thfs  reason  which  he  asi^sfiir  his  ultimate  decifioq  if  the 
iiost  singular  part  of  the, whole  mfitter.  .  After  having  confuted 
his  anonymous  firteod  in  the  i^guoient,  aibe  geoenlly  cinitrivM 
to  do.  on  all  these  o^euioos,  he  seems  annious  to  sheiir  that  he. 
can  "confute,  ehange  stitea,  and  «/ttf  eoofinte.'*  He  deeldes  that 
the  Americtos  are  ill  wi»n|(,  bei$«use.  il«,a  iwsfuig  WtllM'i  in^- 
fltead  of  bearing  away  with  hima  Uioipwi  eirewmstamoe  which 
itii^ht  kindle  admiration  and  enthusiasm,  perf^sfily  (dMK>sM  to 
remetoher  noUiiogi^ic^  thithe  n^scmMttei^wtiw  neighs 


* 


iiifc^ 


,iiii: 


liMiitiiiiiiiiiiiiiimiii 


I 


■■f^v*;-?:-"**^"^*' 


53 


free  citr. 
:ient  Italy 

cioui  task 
itible  bao" 
that  oa  a 
irad  that  I 
\t  seoM  in 
iThatisthe 
able  asso* 
I.ipyaelf, 
}  olaaaieal 
rd  enou^ 
veptaway 
with  the 
instead  of 
le  xegioiM 
on,  to  the 
ind  booee 
■  nameleai 
I  feari  will 
ik  days.'' 
l^mewere 
nedby  the 
ured  from 
a  modern 
r-and  that 
ne  absurd 
f  adi^pg 
altogether 
•  rapidity 
meot  who 
md  whose 
as  to  build 
IK  Qipd  sc- 
ptaid  Hall 
D,  whether 
ispeetade 
an. 

fioq  is  the 
geoitfuted 

viT  that  he 
Bteldesthat 
teller,  in'- 
NM  which 
^Nooses  to 
lheiMi|b- 


bourfaood,  a  piece  of  bad  roadt  This  is  the  wbok  of  his  argu> 
ment.  Is  it,  to  use  his  favourite  epithet,  a  Tery  '•  philosophi- 
oal"  one?  Gibbon,  in  •  letter  from  London,  in  1T93,  apaakinie 
of  the  highway  a  few  hours'  ride  from  the  metropolis,  says,  «I 
was  almost  killed  between  Sheffield  Place  and  Eaat  Grinsted,  by 
hard,  frozen,  kms  snd  cross  ruts,  that-  would  disgrace  the  ap- 
proach of  an  Indian  wigwam."  Yet  he  did  not  take  a  dismnt 
either  to  Loitdon,  or  to  the  resideoee  of  his  friend,  Lord  Sn^f- 
field,  liven  Captain  Hall  professes  to  revert  with  infinite  plM< 
sure  to  the  soeoes  he  witnessed  in  Canada,' notwithstandiitg  all 
the  horrors  of  hist>x-cart.  *<  Over  these  horrible  wooden  cause* 
ways,  technically  called  corduroy  roads,  it  woirid  be  misery  to 
travel  in  any  deeeripUoe  of  carriage,  but  in  a  wagon  or  cart,  with 
nothing  but  wooden  spria|S,  it  is  most  trying  to  every  joint  in 
one's  body.  A  bear-skin,  it  ia  true,  is  generally  laid  on  the  sea^ 
but  this  slips  down  oraKps  up,  in  short,  somehow  or  other,  the 
pooir  voyages  bones  pay  for  all,  notwithstanding  the  lender  roer» 
eies  of  the  bear.  Thie  reeoHetkion  o(  such  annoyances,  hewe> 
ver,  were  thty  twenty  HTtiet  gteaier,  WouM  vanish  beneath  the 
renewed  touch  of  acreeable -society.   On  reaching  l(ork,"  &o. 

We  are  oeeasionally  led,  indeed^  to  suspect,  not  a  little,  the  in- 
tegrity of  the  Captain,  in  his  assumption  of  »8ort«f  bhifi*,  duwn-  ^ 
rights  temper^  which  «ompe&  him  to  nlake  ofiensive  remarks. 
«M  Muatnv  thir,"  "  Truth  obliges  me,"  &c  Thus  on  c|uit» 
titigthe  Capital  of  Upper  Canada,  the  party  found,  ^^close^  choky 
woods;  the  h<Mrrihle  eorduroy  roads  sgsin  made  their  a|>pear* 
aoee  in  a  more  formidable  shape,  by  tl^e  addition  of  deep,  inky 
holes,  which  almost  ^wallowed  up  the  fore«whee!s  of  the  wtigon, 
•ad  bsthed  Jts'hind<»-  site  tree.  The  jogging  and  plunging  to 
Which  w»  were  new  exposed,  and  the  occasional  bang  wheathe 
vehide  reaehed  the  Hbottorn  of  one  of  these  abysses,  were  so  new 
emd  rfmarkable  'inih^hiMtory  of  our  travels,  that  we  tried  to 
make  a /rood  Joke  of  them,  a^d  felt  rather  amused  than  other- 
wise OR  discovering,  by  actual  ezperimeat,  what  ground  might 
on  a  pinth,  aa  it  is  called>  be  travelled  evert" 

WlMD  so  much^  good  humour  is  manifeeted  in  Camda--<4vhen 
h»ia  foood  ofiering  the  iort  nauseous  flattery  to  the  people 
there,  to  their  faees^  ih^t  the  *<  tboef  of  their  <*maQn«i|" 
and  the  blessings  of  tiieh- condition,— <we  are  led  to  suspect  that 
the  peevi^naN  in' the  Utiitedl  States^  ss  to  chambermaids,  9Le., 
if  merely  lisad  as  a  eonrenient  pretekt  for  vei^tiog  iil-natured 
nsmarks.    We  have  hoa^d  df  one, 

F'  W)u)kWTiiwb«enpnui|«4/ar^blantiieis,dot|i«fiect 

^;>  ,i     '<i!^mmmmMK..  UeeiiB*ot4>tter--he! 
\i(ii|ttfc^  .4»l>«asitssliidaa4phin  .pw  aurt  tpt>j^  twth 
•T^  Mth«7«9a^iakeit^-«>-4rndt->he'iplun.  ... 

r*       These  U|id  of  l^iiBves^kiipw.irhioV"'*''^?'*''*'^'**^ 
^''-'-    '^CtiafcawrmBiatt^MidaBDnsiirifMraiMhi  ' 


I 


'•''•(piPiPB''?***** 


A4 

Than twentyiUl^,  daekinv olwemiit<« 
That  itretch  their  duties  nicely. 

The  part  of  Captain  Haifa  book  whioh  wean,  perhapa,  th« 
moat  diaingenuotia  air,  ia  that  relating  to  Slavery.  There  ia  no 
ti^ic,  aa  ia  well  known,  which  haa  furniahed  ao  many  sarcaantf 
agaioat  the  United  Stateatta  the  exiatenoe  of  a  practice  ao  utter- 
ly at  war  with  that  nni^eraal  freedoofi,  which  their  popular  in- 
atitutionp  are  aupposed  to  guaranty.  Under  the  preaaure.  of  thnw 
reproachea  Americana  have  Uken  the  trouble  to  trace  with  great 
care  the  history  of  the  riae  and  progreaa  of  thia  evil,  and  tuiv« 
eatabUshed,  by  the  eleareat  evidence,  thatitwaa  planted  theitf 
against  (he  earneat  remobatrancea  of  the  colonists — that  it  WM 
Med  on  us  at  a  period  when  we  formed  a  component  part  of  IM 
Qritiah  empire,  and  that  the  earliest  «flerU  of  the  States,  so  soett 
•i  Aey  became  independent,  were  directed  to  mitiglte*  and  in 
mttmoS  tbem  actuiUy  to  extirpate  it  The  in&mous  traffic  was 
im  Ofisned,  and  pursued,  by  Sir  John  Hswkins.  So  late  as  the 
year  I713,  England  enga^d  to  supply  Spain. w'th  4800  negrote 
UHMlilly,  and  it  was  only  by  the  treaty  of  Madrid,  concluded 
oa  the  5th  October,  17,50,  that  ahe  yielded  «<the  fight  to  the  eiK* 
joyment  of  the  Assiento  of  negroes,  and  of  the  annual  M/f,*i 
during  the  four  unexpired  years.  We  woukl  seem»  therdBWj^ 
sufficieutly  secured  against  any  sarcasm  from  thatquartisr.  "Sbit 
Captain  Hall  waa  aware  of  all  this,  and  had  found  our  defeaM 
one  which  it  was  easier  to  evade  than  to  answmr,  msy  be  in- 
ferred  from  the  following  remark  with  which  he  prefaces  tiio 
discussion.     .  -v.  ^^  (''• 

<«Tbe  Americsns  are  pei^ually  twitting  England  w^th 
having  entailed  slavery  upon  their  country.  7!!^  eharge  i»i 
deed  may  be  true^  and  there  is  no  denying  that  it  was  every 
way  diagraeefiil  in  the  British  Ministry  t^./ohner  Hmeg  to 
iheart  the  ioiahes  of  the  eoloai|ita,-if,  indeed,  they  sineerely  d»> 
sired  to  avoid  the  incipieat  evil  t?hicb  haa  iallea  so  heavily  itpoir 
their  descendants.  '^  He  assumes  a  philosophical  air  aa  the  besC 
reply.  ''This  scornful  baodyinf  of  national  recrimination^ 
however,  is,  to  aay  the  least  of  it,  very  unphilosophical-^in  ftet, 
worse  than  useless,  as  it  tends  to  irrit«ite  two  couctries  who  ha^ 
no  eause  of  quarrel.''  Speaking  ef  the  aoiious  efforts  everf 
vihvte  Blade  to  rentier  the  condttloo  of  this  class  of  beings  moM 
tfderable,  he  saya,  "  It  ia  useress,  then,  for  foreigner*  to  hold  the 
language  of  reproach  or  of  appod  to  America,  thtrshy  imply- 
ing a  beliff  in  the  existence  of  adeh  legialative  fiower.  It  ia 
mischievous  to  suppose  that^uch  interference  cap  be  of  ose,  be* 
«iaie  this  vain  belief  tutvs  mea'^  thoughts  finom  tboee  genuine 
ineliorations,  which- are  pottible,  into  chaAoeb  .;!liere  philan* 
••  wiell  88  pitrtotism  either  ran  icorapi^irtji'  to  waste  (^r 


tntdden  enuweip8tion  i8  impo8ail|fl^  he>^tKede8.    1% 


^ 


. .  i-.K  i. 


r  I  iiWrfll  iMiii>i;riiWfe"itnFi%i1ifiii(,'iTii7 


liii.fii-rtirr.'^ililiiilMiwk.ii 


-w"® 


mm 


Siv 


■"•F 


«rhapf,  th« 
There  is  no 
ly  Mrcumt 
ce  so  utter- 
popular  in- 
ure, of  th«w 
B  with  crMt 
I,  and  nave 
•ntod  thara 
that  it 
rpartoftlM 

iMyBOaMMf 

;ite«  and  in 
r  traffic 
» late  as  tlie 
SOOnegrodi 
)  concluded 
It  to  the  an* 
nual  ^|i^'' 
t  therefiMM^ 
irter.  I^Mt 
Dur  defeoM 
may  be  in- 
Hefacei  the 

p;land  w^tb 
ehargt  H^ 
,  waa  every 
r  Itmw  to 
neerely  de^ 
BavilyitpoD 
aa  the  beat 
imi  nation!^ 
■1-^infiMt, 
«  who  ha^ 
forts  every 
•eingsmoite 
toholdliie 
lity  imply- 
mw.  H  i> 
of  use,  be* 
Me  geoube 
ere  pbihn- 
0  waste  <^r 

Kedes.    It; 


65 

cannot  be  expected  that  men,  "  who  liko  their  fathers  before 
them,  have  derived  their  whole  substance  from  this  source,  and 
who  look  to  it  as  a  provision  for  their  descendania,"  can  ha  ex- 
pected at  once  to  surrender  their  property.  Were  the  British 
West  Indies  to  become  independent,  and  to  adopt  a  form  of 
Government,  having  especial  ref«?rcnce  to  popular  righta,  they 
could  only  say,  as  we  do,  that  it  was  an  evil  belonging  to  other 
days,  from  all  the  effects  of  which  it  is  impossible  now  to  escape. 
Vet,  with  this  air  of  candour,  Captain  Hall  takes  care  that  his 
book  shall  qot  waut  the  piquancy  so  acceptable  to  the  palate  of 
Amo  who  cherish  the  **  unkind  feelinga,"  which  he  attributes 
t*.  this  country.  No  work  on  America  has  furnished  to  malig- 
irity,  so  many  delightful,  johoice  paragraphs  as  these  very  TnH 
iWk  He  well  knows  that,  in  the  temper  which  he  descritMH* 
there  are  many  who  take  up  every  such  book,  with  a  view  to 
More  deeply,  for  e-Jinei,  just  ao  much  as  will  serve  to  gf«|dfy 
the  vitiated  appetites  for  which  they^  daily  cater.  YfU'^Mikfit 
therefore*  a  great  deal  about  "  inconsistency  with  the  priii«k|j|li 
ao  much  cried  up  in  that  republic,^*  He  cives  a  long  wim^tX 
of  tbo  aale  of  a  Slave  at  Washington,  and  throws  in  with  'dra- 
■Mtio  effect,  **Tbe  flag^  were  just  hoisted  on  the  top  of  the 
IwiMing,  which  intimate  that  the  Senate,  and  the  House  of  Re- 
pragantatives  had  assembled,  to  discuss  the  afiairs  of  thia  frtt 
fMuMon— Slavery  amongat  the  rest.''  He  tells  us,  that  during 
the  rale  he  exclaimed,  *<  with  more  asperity  than  good  breedinCf 
thank  €hd!  we,don*f  do  such  thinga  in  my  country."  If 
ariuuned  of  this  oat  break  of  vulgarity,  why  put  it  into  hia  book 
to  minister'to  the  ael^complaoency  o>  the  one  aide,  and  tlie  mor- 
tificatioD  of  the  oUier?  Captain  Hall  dtelinea  to  argue  the  que»> 
tioD)  whether  the  parent  oouutrv  did  hot  fasten  on  ua  this  evil 
in  spite  of  our  ^eraonatraneea;  be  deprecates  an  allusion  to  her 
wapfifitM  Spain  with  negroes,  under  the  accursed  Aniento  con- 
tract mirMy,  then^  it  is  worae  than  pha^^asaical,  for  Great  Bri- 
taui)  to  stand  dar  off  and  thank  God,  <that  ahe  la  not  like  Am»> 
riee,  in  thia  paiticiilar.  May  we  not  be  reminded  of  the  tri- 
umph of  a  mother,  who,  miving  adminiatered  poiaon  to  her 
iirfant  child,  blesses  herself,  in  sfter  lifis,  that  she  ia  not  racked 
by  (he  lingering  |Muna  it  hss  left  behind,  and  who  mocka  at  the 
oecaaional  eonvulatve  twitch  of  her  otfopring's  muscles? 

,  He  works  up,  very  happily,  what  he  saw  at  New  Orleans.   It 
may.  be  reedily  eonoeived  that  one  of  the  arguments  urged  in  ex- 
tenoition  of  Wavery,  is  the  impoMibility,  in  some  of  the  States, 
of  employing  any  other  deaetription  of  labour.  Thus  Louisiana, 
•■  Captain  Hill  remarks,  "roust  be  worked  by  Slaves,  or  not 
•tdL"    Hence  it  was  not  unnatural  to  take  advantage  ol[ 
Mportooity  of  traoaferring^tbem  to  a  dimato.more  cot 
Jps  flonstitotiop  of  the  nexro,  and  where  thij  argume,,^^^^. 
itve  it!  fiiU  aUeviatiiif  mat*    Many  gentlemen  ^tilifmSmm^ 


»/-•■  ,r 


4         *.Jt  t' 


*M^ 


;.-,(**;, 


»T<r 


I 


I 


Ad 

anci  Miryland,  have  purehaaed  plantationa  in  Louitiana  and 
Misaisflippij  and  taken  their  Slaves  thither.  Capuin  Hall  wit- 
neaaed  auoh  a  tranafer,  in  a  brig  at  New  Orleana  from  Baltimore, 
and  it  gives  rise  to  the  followin|p  remark:—"  Her  decka  pre- 
■ented  a  acene  which  forcibly  reminded  me  of  Rio  Janeiro.  In 
the  one  case,  however,  the  Slavea  were  brought  from  the  aavage 
regionaof  ^/Wca;  in  the  other,  from  the  very  heart  cf  a  free 

country." 

It  is  curious  to  look  over  the  English  newspapers,  and  notice 
with  what  avidity  auch  passages  have  been  seized  .on  by  thoie 
who,  like  the  leech,  eagerly  fasten  where  the  akilful  operator 
has  allured  by  the  slightest  puncture.  Yet  this  ia  the  philoao- 
pher  who  deprecatea  **  twitting"  on  auch  a  aubject,  as  it  *'  teitdo 
to  irritate  two  countriea  who  have  no  cause  of  quarrel!" 

In  the  aame  sneering  temper.  Captain  Hail  has  remarked,  "  It 
ia  laid  down  by  the  Americana,  aa  an  admitted  maxim,  to  doubt 
the  aolidity  of  which,  never  entera  into  any  man'a  head  for  an 
inatant,  that  a  rapid  increate  qf  population  w,  to  ali  intent*, 
tantamount  to  an  increase  of  nattonal  greatneaa  and  power, 
aa  well  as  qf  individual  happiness  and  prosperity.  Cona»> 
quently,  say  they,  auch  increaae  ought  to  be  forwarded  by  «t«- 
ry  possible  meana,  aa  the  greatest  bleaaing  to  the  country." 
(Vol.  i.  p.  153.)  CapUin  Hall  never  heard  an  American  utter 
such  a  sentiment,  and  he  ia  deaired  to  point  to  any  effort  thua  to 
force  population.  If  auoh  were  the  prevalent  theory,  why  not 
offer  our  public  landa  gratuitously  to  the  foreigner,  or  even  add 
a  bounty  of  aixtv  pounda  aterling  to  every  family  agreeing  to 
accept  a  hundred  acres,  aa  baa  been  done  in  Canada?  We  have 
again  to  regret  that  Captain  Hall,  inatead  of  offering  a  mawkiah 
eulogium  on  Dr.  FnnUin  (the  •^  Socratea  of  modem  timea") 
had  not  Uken  the  trouble  to  read  the  worka  of  that  aage  and  pa- 
triot. In  the  Remarks  to  Smigranta^wTiUea  in  the  year  1784, 
will  be  foiind  the  following  expreaaiona:---**  Strangera  are  wel- 
come, becauae  there  ia  room  enough  for  them  all,  and,  therefore, 
the  old  inhabiunta  are  not  jealoua  of  them;  the  lawa  protect 
them  au£Sciently,  ao  that  they  have  no  need  of  the  patronage  of 
great  men;  and  every  one  will  enjoy  aecurely  the  pro&taof  hia 
industiy.  But  if  he  doea  not  bring  a  fortune  with  hin,  he  muat 
work  and  be  induatrioua  to  live." 

The  aame  feeling  existo  at  the  preaent  day.  We  do  not  con- 
sider, aa  Captain  Hall  pretenda,  an  increaae  of  population  to  be 
the  *'  greateat  bleaaing."  We  hold  tlie  diffuaion  of  sound  mo» 
rala,  of  atuebment  to  our  inatitutiona,  and  of  educafion,  to  bo 
the  paramount  objeeta  of  aolioitude.  We  Mieve  that  thoae  who 
come  amongat  us,  and  ff  nd  themaelvea  in  tue  midat  of  a  tranquil* 
induatrioua,  and  happy  people,  where  the  lawa  aeeure  to  every 
«n«o  the  fruiuof  hia  induatry,  and  where  the  opportunity  of  exr 
eitbiog  that  induttcy  ia  readily  feand,  «i«y  b«  «xpc«tad  to  £01 


nimii'iii)iBiW»Viii 


-.i^'ifftlDWiW'' 


■"P*" 


"TfPW 


f-— t. 


uUiana  and 
n  Hall  wit- 
I  Baltimore, 
r  decks  pre- 
aneiro.  In 
1  the  aaTage 
icf  a  frte 

I,  and  notice 
Dn  by  thoM 
ful  operator 
the  pbiloio- 
is  it  **  tends 
•el!" 

narked,  "  It 
im,  to  doubt 
head  for  en 
all  intenU, 
andpowett 
ty.  Conie- 
rded  by  eve- 
B  country." 
lerican  utter 
iffort  thus  to 

or  even  add 
agreeing  to 
}  We  have 
;  a  mawkish 
9m  timet") 
lage  and  pa- 
e  year  1784, 
»rs  are  wel- 
d,  therefore, 
laws .  protect 
patronage  of' 
urofita  of  his 
lin,  he  must 

do  not  con- 
ilatioo  to  be 
r  sound  mo* 
laQon,  to  be 
It  those  who 
)f  a  tranquil* 
uu«  to  every 
tonity  of  ex- 
leatedtoliai 


d7 

into  those  habits  which  wHf  render  them  quiet,  nsefbl  citizens, 
and  to  beoomn  attaohiNi  to  the  institutions  which  anxiously  con- 
sult their  safety  and  happiness.  If  the  stranger  be  wealthy,  he 
nay  Meet  his  plan  or  life,  without  danger  of  moleatation;  if 
neeidy,  the  implements  of  labour  are  speedily  placed  in  his  hands. 
CaptMn  Hall  visited,  on  the  banks  or  the  Delaware,  one  of  the 
brothera  of  Napoleon,  the  Ex-King  of  Spain,  and  remarks,  **I 
trust  I  am  taking  no  unwarrantable  liberty,  by  mentioning  that 
he  has  gained  the  eonftdenee  artd  esteem,  not  only  of  all  his 
neighboura,  but  of  every  one  in  America,  who  has  the  honour 
of  his  acquaintanee— -a  distinction  which  he  ov«^es  partly  to  the 
diseretion  with  which  he  has  uniformly  avoided  an  interference 
with  the  exciting  topies  thst  diatraot  the  country  of  his  adoption, 
and  partly  to  the  iuavity  of  his  personal  address,  and  the  gene- 
roua  hospitality  of  his  prineeiy  establiahment."  Another  mem- 
ber of  the  same  faniity,  but  hot  in  the  aame  aflSoent  ciraum- 
•tanoes,  ia  endeavouring  to  make  himself  useful  in  Florids,  and 
was  reoently  a  eandidate  for  a  aeat  in  the  eoimcil  of  that  territo- 
ry^. If  he  possess  any  portion  of  the  talent  of  his  great  retatitre, 
he  may  be  destined  to  aid  ht  the  formation  of  its  code  of  lews, 
when  It  shall  have  a  sufficient  population  to  become  a  member 
of  the  Union.  We  haire  no  apprehension  of  strangers.  The 
ttream  is  tdo  broad,  and  deep,  and  atr6ng,  to  be  discoloured  or 
rendered  turbid.  The  idle  and  the  profligate  quickly  find  that 
Amertea  is  not  their  proper  home.  The  mera  schemer  is  soon 
rebilked  by  Iho  good  sense  and  steadiness  of  the  peode,  and 
abaadAnt  them  In  deapair.  Captain  HalFs  deistical  or  theistlcal 
countryihapt  Mr  Owen,  he  may  take  back  and  ^veleome.  We 
do  not  thinlt  it  the  '*  g^vatest  blessing*'  to  have  amongst  us  rtneo 
nke  him,  who,  failing  \t  every  ttiiHg  else,  at  length  makea  dee- 
perate  anitdl  at  odr  souls.  These  blasphemous  visionariea  ara 
nMrthwith  ejcpoaed,  andiaoghed  ai 

v^'h»  t  tiiqpidAt'  proof  of  Caplna  Hail's  wish  to  iniatepresent, 
tk'Bi  abeurtf^^iiiisconeepHon,  'tn  may  refer  to  Ma  aecbunt  of  our 
impatieBee  at  being  obliged  to  dstt  the  Engliah  language..  '*  It 
is  eiirhra*  eoouf^**  hi  says,  *<'by  the  way,  to  see  the  dSfscMt- 
/b^/  that  some  deniglml9iM«JnfMiy^fi«  stow  to  the  mere  name 
of  Mr  eoMiiHM  tongoft'*  .'^      -   .;''     - 

That  any  nch  etlry  expression  of  '^'diseomfbrt'*  ceaehed  hit 
et«^  itri(ttM»fa»rtiiMblB;  but  Ve  can  readily  believe  that  he 
Oiay  hit»  Httard  moBdi  AmeHcant,  a  spectilaHte  suipgestion  oh  the 
tobjeet  which  h<^hMrttrangelypeH«rted,and  which  we  win  at° 
tM^ttoetpldni. 

' 'H  hat,  uodonhMlyt  been  ttfmMiiAes  thotrgRt  >  matter  of  te- 
0M  that  thefe  lis  no  liMigaa|e  Which'  has  grdwn  up,  at  it  were, 
with'  the  eoiMtrir)  iod  whieh  heirs,  at  we  might  theii  hope  it 
would,  •  peeeiliir,  ftdieitoot,  reference  id/' its  coudit^oo,  phyriell 

3 


;,^^UdiAfl- 


.■^i':\ 


58 

Nctcr,  It  muit  be  rememberad  that  we  brought  with  ut  ■  lm> 
gunge  •dtpteii  to  «  state  of  things  cMentially  different  from  that 
which  America  presents.  Take  for  example  the  word  "  Lake." 
Drawing  our  ideas  from  England,  and  from  Engliah  poetry,  we 
atUch  to  it  the  notion  of  an  appendage  to  pleasure-grounds.  We 
think  of  Goldsmith's  line — 

"  Space  for  hU  Lake,  his  park'i  cixtended  boiuuli." 

and  it  is  not  until  an  American  finds  himself  on  one  of  our  vast 
internal  seas,  which  bear  the  same  name,  that  he  feels  the  abject 
poverty  of  the  epithet.  He  haa  read  and  thought  of  American 
nature  through  the  medium  of  a  translation.  The  word  ia  so 
far  from  suKgestinc  the  object,  that  he  haa  to  disengage  himself 
from  its  influence,  oefore  its  conception  can  adequately  expand. 
He  has  measured  by  square  inches,  what  must  be  measured  by 
square  miles.  So  of  the  word  **  Falls,"  which  is  eaually  ap- 
plied to  those  of  Niagara — to  those  of  the  Clyde— and  to  those 
of  Montmorency,  which  Captain  Hall  declares,  with  some  as- 
perity, to  bo  "  truly  contemptible."  He  saw  one  of  the  art' 
vanes  Or  breaches  in  the  bank  of  the  Miasissippi.  '« There  was 
something  pecjliarly  striking  in  this  casual  8tream-~-a  mere  drop 
from  the  Great  Mississippi,  which  in  many  other  countries  might 
almost  have  claimed  the  name  of  a  river."  Yet  we  have  no 
word  to  distinniish  this  river  from  the  Cam  or  the  Isis. 

When  Sir  William  Jones  went  to  India,  he  did  not  think  of 
looking  for  the  Poetry  of  that  region  amongst  the  English  re- 
sidents at  Calcutta  or  Bombay.  His  remarks,  perhaps,  will  H- 
lustrate  what  is  meant: 

"  If  we  allow  the  natural  objects  with  which  the  Arabs  are 
pttrpetually  conversant  to  be  sublime  and  beautiful,  our  next 
step  must  be  to  oonfess,  that  their  comparisons,  metaphors,  and 
allegories  are  so  likewise,  for  an  allegory  is  a  string  of  meta- 
phors* a  metaphor  is  a  short  simile,  and  the  finest  similes  are 
drawn  fipom  natural  objects."  (Essay  on  the  Poetry  of  the  East- 
em  Nations.)  "These  comparisons,  many  of  which,  would 
aeem  forced  in  our  idiomst  have  undoubtedly  a  great  delicacy  in 
theirs."  (lb.)  «<  //  is  not  sufficient  that  a  nation  have  a  ge- 
nius for  poetry t  unless  they  have  the  advantage  of  a  rich  and 
beautiful  language,  that  their  expressions  may  be  worthy  of  their 
sentiments;  Ui^  Arabians  have  Uiis  advantage  also,  in  a  high  de- 
gree; thmr  language  is  expressive,  strong,  sonorous,  and  the 
most  copious,  perhaps,  in  the  world;  for,  as  almost  every  tribe 
had  many  words  Appropriate  to  itself j  the  poets,  fok*  the  con- 
venience of  their  measures,  or  sometimes  tor  their  singular 
beautyt  made  use  of  them  all,  and  as  the  poems  became  popu- 
lar, theae  words  were  by  degree  incorporated  unth  the  whole 
language."  (lb.)  **  We  are  apt  to  censure  the  oriental  style, 
for  Ming  so  tuU  of  metsplKWSi  taken  from  the  sun  and  moQn; 


I  ut  ■  Ian* 
t  from  that 
d  ••  Lake." 
poetry,  we 
undf.    Wo 


of  our  vaat 

I  the  abject 
r  American 
word  ia  so 
■ge  himself 
i\y  expand, 
leasured  by 
eaually  ap- 
na  to  those 
h  some  ifl> 
of  the  cre- 
'  There  was 
I  mere  drop 
ktries  might 
ve  have  no 
[sis. 

ot  think  of 
English  re- 
ips,  will  il- 

B  Arabs  are 
I,  our  next 
iphors,  and 
iig  of  meta- 
si  miles  are 
of  the  Etst- 
lich,  would 
:  delicacy  in 
have  a  ge- 
I  a  rich  and 
-thy  of  their 
1  a  high  de- 
US,  and  the 
every  tribe 
61*  the  con- 
Ir  singular 
icame  popu- 
h  the  whole 
iental  style, 
and  mopD; 


59 

this  is  ascribed  by  some  to  the  bad  taste  of  the  Asiatics;  but 
they  do  not  reflect,  that  evtry  nation  has  a  »et  of  im<tges,  and 
expressions  peculiar  to  itse{f,  which  arise  from  the  difference 
of  its  climate,  manners,  and  history."  (lb.) 

It  is  idle  for  foreigners  to  aak,  good-naturedly,  why  we  do  not 
naturalize  such  Indian  wordr,  as  seem  most  capable  of  civiliza* 
tion.     Even  supposing  a  vocabulary  to  have  existed,  and  to  be 

E reserved,  sufHiciently  copious,  yet  it  :s  evident  that,  in  order  to 
B  at  all  effective  in  composition,  the  lanj^uage  employed  must 
promptly  awaken  ideas  previously  existmg  in  the  mind.  A 
French  poet  would  be  laughed  at,  were  he  to  introduce  the 
words  "comfort,"  "home,"  &c.,  and  inform  his  renders,  in  a 
note,  that  Englishmen  attach  a  peculiar  and  unt^^anslatable  mean- 
ing to  them.  People  read  to  be  pleasurably  excited,  and  not  to 
be  told  that  the  language  used— whether  Greek,  or  Latin,  or  Iro- 
quois— ought  to  make  a  vivid  impression.  Such  is  the  inyin- 
ciWe  difficulty  on  the  subject,  that  even  the  words,  "  Ohio," 
"  Mississippi,"  &c.,  do  not  recall  to  us.  the  happily  descriptive 
meaning,  which  they  are  aaid  to  convey  in  the  original.  No 
Itngut/e  but  their  native  one,  can  with  the  mass  of  readers  com- 
mand that  rapid  and  unbroken  interest,  on  which  the  success  of 
every  work  of  the  imagination  so  essentially  depends. 

Science,  Philosophy,  Law,  Medicine,  are  of  all  tongues.  New- 
ton's Principia,  or  Bacon's  Novum  Or^anum,  may  be  read  quite 
as  well  in  Latin  as  in  English,  and,  indeed,  some  of  the  most 
precious  treasures  of  English  thought  sre  to  be  found  in  the  for- 
mer. It  is  to  Poetry  that  each  language  points  for  the  trop&ies 
of  its  power.  Now  that  of  America  does  not,  as  Sir  William 
Jones  expresses  it,  "arise"  from  the  characteristics  of  tho  coun- 
try, and  when  complaint  is  made  of  the  absence  of  any  thing 
peculiar— distinctive— in  our  Literature,  why  may  we  not  be, 
good-naturedly,  suffered  to  suggest  that  we  employ  •  medium 
of  thought,  and  of  description,  appropriated,  irrevocably  and 
jealously,  in  the  reader's  memory  to  the  ch^-d*ceuvres  of  the 
English  muse?  He  has  a  vague  expectation  of  finding  some- 
thing entirely  new,  wild,  and  startling  in  an  American  book, 
and  18  quite  disappointed  when  he  can  trace  the  influence  of  the 
great  masters  of  the  common  language.  Our  authors  are  very 
much  in  the  predicament  of  the  preacher,  one  of  whose  perverse 
auditbrs  used  to  exclaim  « that 's  Tillotson,"  "  that 's  Blair," 
when  any  part  of  the  discourse  brought  to  his  mind  a  passage 
ia  either  of  those  great  divines.  Should  brother  Jonathan  get 
vexed;  and  say  something  petulant,  he  is  sure  to  be  told,  as  in 
the  finale  of  the  story  referred  to,  "  that 's  your  own." 

Surely  there  is  nothing  very  arrogant  or  offensive  in  these  re- 
veries, in  which  many  Americans  have,  undoubtedly,  indulged. 
They  do  not  apply  exclusively,  it  is  obvious,  to  the  Bnglish lan- 
guage. ,  Yet  Captaia  Hall  contrives  to  discover  ia  them  an  ab- 


6e 


lurd  and  rtncoroui  antipathy  to  the  «y«ry  namo"  of  cur  mo* 
thcr  tongue. 

He  found  the  Americana  very  taciturn — rather  a  novel  charge 
against  them,  for  every  bodv  haa  heard  of  Dr.  Frankiin'a  atory 
aa  to  the  neceaaity  of  prefacing  an  inquiry  aa  to  the  road,  by  an 
account  of  youraelf  and  your  buaineaa.  Mr.  Dn  Rooa  rvmarkf 
on  thoae  whom  he  met  in  the  public  conveyancaa — **  Their 
thirat  for  information  might  be  construed,  by  a  person  diapoaed 
to  criticize,  into  an  inquiaitiveneaa  bordering  upon  imperti- 
nence." Captain  Hall,  loo,  found  his  fellow-travetlera  obliging 
and  communicative— 'they  often  turn  out  *' very  intelligent  per- 
sons, who  (i^avo  us  much  information  that  waa  quite  new,"  Slc. 
At  Stockbrulge,  he  aays,  it  was  **  my  pic  >aure  aa  well  aa  my 
business  to  jgut  acquainted  with  aa  many  of  the  inhabi'ants  aa  I 
could.  This  was  an  easy  task,  aa  they  were  universally  aa  kind 
and  obliging  aa  1  had  found  their  countrymen  elaewhere." 

He  declares,  to  bo  sure,  with  a  aneer,  aa  to  theae  aame  peo- 
ple, that  he  found  none  of  that  "  high-mindednesa"  which  had 
been  "  rung  in  his  ears,'*  hut  aa  he  has  omitted  to  inform  ua  how 
ho  expected  this  quality  to  be  manifeated  we  can  give  hia  re- 
mark no  definite  answer.  The  circumatanoe  from  wnich  he  in? 
fers  a  taciturn  diapoailion  is,  that  people,  ai  the  common  tablo 
of  the  hotels,  despatched  their  meala  very  haatily,  and  aeemed 
not  inclined  to  euteir  into  **  chat "  with  each  other.  If  Captain 
Hall  ever  travelled  in  England  in  a  atage  coach,  or  a  ateam-ooat, 
or  a  packet,  let  him  recollect  whether  he  found  his  companiane 
disposed  to  fall  promptly,  into  easy  conversation.  Even  at  th« 
first  baiting  place  did  he  diacovor  ■  communicative  temper  whilst 
awaiting  the  summons  to  return  to  the  ooaoh?  Now  the  buay 
people  whom  he  aaw  at  theae  tables,  meet  each  other  under  pre- 
cisely the  same  circumstances,  except  that  they  have  not  previ- 
ously been  shut  up  in  a  coach  together,  and  are  not  to  resume 
the<p  places  at  the  concluaion  of  the  meal.  We  venture  to  say, 
if  Captain  Hall  were  travelling  from  Edinburgh  to  London,  and 
whilal  snatching  his  hasty  breakfast,  some  inquisitive  American 
were  to  try  to  *'  draw  him  out  "—to  requeat  him  to  talk,  and 
laugh,  and  exhibit  himself — that  a  very  brief,  and  not  a  very 
good-humoured,  reply  would  be  given.  In  England,  inatead  of 
meeting  at  a  common  table,  each  individual  haa  hit  apartment 
or  his  box  in  the  coffee-house.  Take  down  the  partition*,  or 
throw  open  the  folding  doors,  and  there  would  not  be  a  whit 
more  aociability  amongst  the  parties.  At  tlMi  hotel  in  New 
York,  "those  persona  who  chose  to  incur  the  additional  expensn 
of  a  private  parlour,  might  have  their  meals  aepprately."  H« 
chose  to  go  to  the  common  breakfaat  table,  in  oraer  to  **  get  ac- 
quainted with  some  of  the  natives,"  but  *'  our  familiar  design«" 
were  frustrated  by  the  silenoe  of  the  company.  Agpin,  at  C«t- 
skilli  he  WW  present  at  a  militia  traioiog»  and  "  the  light  eom- 


61 


of  cur  no* 

ovol  charge 
klin't  tiory 
road,  by  an 
Kit  rcmarki 
•—••  Their 
m  diapoaoU 
>n  imperti- 
sra  obliging 
Uigent  per- 

new,"  &c. 
well  ai  my 
ibi'anta  aa  I 
ally  aa  kind 
here."     t  A . 

aame  peo- 
'  which  had 
brm  ua  how 
give  hia  re- 
mich  he  in> 
nmon  tablo 
ind  aeemed 

If  CapUio 
ateam-ooaty 
nompaniiiDa 
Kven  at  the 
mper  whilst 
m  the  buay 
r  under  pre- 
»  not  previ- 
;  to  resuDio 
ture  to  say, 
<ondon,  and 
B  American 
0  talk,  and 
not  a  very 
I,  inatead  of 
r  apartment 
irtitiona,  or 

be  a  whit 
tel  in  New 
nal  expense 
tely."  Ho 
to  **  get  ac- 
ar  deaigns" 
lain,  at  Cat- 
r  light  com* 


pany  of  one  of  (he  re^imenta  "  being  dismissed  to  take  some 
refrealiment,  he  "J"'"*"'  ''^^  V^^^Y*  '"  hopea  of  being  ibie  to  get 
aome  that  with  thrir  citizen  aoldiers — but  une  and  all,  ofTicera 
and  men,  analched  up  ihmr  dinner  in  such  a  hurry,  that  in  leu 
than  Afteen  minutea  I  found  myaelf  with  only  one  person  in  the 
room  Thin  grnlleman,  perceiving  mo  to  be  a  atranner,  j^nd  I 
auppuae  looking  rather  adrift,  I  am  sure  I  frit  so,  introduced 
himrelf  to  me,  and  was  afWwards  very  kind  and  useful  in  show- 
ing mo  the  place,  and  in  explaining  many  things  which  1  could 
make  nothing  of  alone." 

From  auch  data  Captain  Ilnll  hns  drawn  his  conclusion! 

It  is  curious  enough,  that,  long  before  seeing  his  book,  wo  had 
been  led  to  seek  for  some  reaaon  to  account  fur  what  aeemed  to 
us  the  greater  degree  of  reserve  In  Rngland  than  in  the  United 
States,  amongat  thoae  who  are  oasually  thrown  together.  V/c 
had,  very  innooently,  set  it  down  to  the  circumatance,  that  in 
the  former  country,  the  diatinctiona  of  rank  are  well  defined, 
and  are  often  moat  jealoualy  maintained,  where  a  danger  ia  ap* 
prehended  from  proximity  of  running  the  lin^s  into  each  other. 
Thia  causea  a  mutual  diainolination  to  make  the  first  advance—- 
io  moat  eases,  it  is  preaumed,  leas  from  pride  than  from  a  shy 
apprehension  of  encountering  coldnnss,  or  an  actqal  repulse. 

Aa  to  the  atate  of  Manners  in  the  United  States,  the  tourist 
has  flonflned  hiroaelf  to  certain  dark,  and  seemingly  very  omi- 
nous, hints,  to  which  it  is,  of  course,  quite  impossible  to  offer 
any  reply.  All  argument  upon  such  a  aubject  is  necessarily 
Idle,  ainee  it  must  rest  on  assertion,  and  a  character  for  refine- 
ment is  not  to  be  eatablished  by  clamorous  pretrnaions  to  it.  So 
far  as  he  has  furnished  a  glimpae  at  facts,  they  seem  to  indicate 
the  general  diflusion  of  a  spirit  of  gentleness — of  kindness — of 
a  wish  to  oblige.  In  all  the  varioue  modes  of  public  convey- 
ancO)  he  waa  particularly  atruck  with  the  absence  of  any  stiff, 
brutal  aelfiahneas,  and  with  the  "  anxiety  to  accommodate  the 
ladies  by  changing  places,  or  making  any  arrangementa  that  vvero 
possible."  This  la  not  a  trivial  circumstance,  wh^n  it  is  so  uni- 
versal and  remarkable,  aa  to  be  deemed,  by  a  foreigner,  charac- 
teristic People  may  be  profusely  hospitable  from  vanity,  or 
from  a  mere  love  of  company,  but  a  quiet  cheerful  waiver  of 
personal  coovenienoe  is  a  verv  different  matter.  Following 
Captain  Hall  antongst  another  description  of  persona— into  tho 
social  circles  which  were  opened  to  him— he  has,  without  in- 
tendinc  so  to  do,|wid  a  compliment,  the  value  of  which  will  not 
fail  to  be  appreciated,  by  all  those  who  are  truly  well-bred.  Wo 
never  saw  or  heard  of  the  Jimerican  Chesterfield,  which  is  no- 
ticed in  these  volumes,  but  we  well  remember,  that,  in  the  ori- 
ginal work,  hia  lordship  lays  it  down,  as  the  fundamental  maxim 
of  good-breeding,  that  there  is  no  medium  between  perfect  po- 
liteneta  and  a  duel.    Now,  while  Captain  Hall  repreaenta  him- 


*ii!*r. 


•^-/ % 


•eir  u  perpetually  trtTerainR  tho  {nt(!rmedlat«  ipsre,  vibrating 
Ixttween  the  two  poinli,  ullnring  rude  remtrka,  aome  of  which 
are  given  whilal  othera  are  auppreaat'd,  »•  too  groaa  for  the  preat; 
he  admila,  thai  hn  nover  aaw  a  cititrn  of  (h?  r«!publi<-  ahow  by 
word,  tonei  or  expreaaion  of  countenance,  toworda  either  leXf 
that  ho  had  ioat  that  a«lf«noaaea»ion  which  ia,  every  where,  th« 
great  and  india(K>naahle  cnaracteristio  of  a  Oentlennan.  Ho  far, 
therefore,  Captain  Hall  \\»»  catabluheii  the  decided  Noperioritf 
of  the  American  over  himaelf,  and  over  any  aociety  of  which  he 
may  be  conaidcrod  the  rcpreacntative. 

There  ia  an  air  of  cvtremo  puerility,  of  which  he  will  himaelf 
be  ashamed  "  on  cool  reflection,"  in  the  introduction  of  rxtracts 
from  tbia  alle^^d  American  volume.  If  the  existence  of  a  book 
reprobating  cs^rlain  vulgar  practicea,  be  deemed  auflicient  proof 
of  their  general  prevalence,  amongat  peraonn  having  claima  to 
reapectability,  tliwn  America  might  draw  tfu  »tm%  inference  aa 
to  England,  from  the  pobiication  of  the  original  work;  and  even 
the  Decalogue  or  Whole  Duty  of  Man,  be  deemed  evidence  of 
univemal  ciepravity.  In  every  noblema«\'a  library  in  the  king- 
dom, will  be  found  hia  Lordahip'a  L«ttera,  anxiously  depre- 
cating practicea  infinitely  more  revolting  than  any  which  the 
American  writer  haa  aubjeeted  to  hia  rriticiam.  It  would  be 
very  rash,  however,  to  roncUiue  that  every  Ena;liahman  "eat* 
with  hia  knife,  to  the  great  danger  of  bis  mouth,  picks  hia  teeth 
with  hia  fork,  and  puta  hia  apoon,  which  haa  been  in  his  throat 
twenty  times,  into  tho  dishes  again,"  or  thst  he,  "  has  strange 
tricks  and  gesturea,  auch  aa  snuffing  up  the  nose,  making  fjces, 
putting  his  fingers  in  hia  nose,  or  blowing  it,  and  looking  after- 
warda  in  his  handkerchief,  ao  aa  to  make  the  company  aick." 
Yet,  CapUin  Hall  has  led  us  to  believe,  that  the  «» American 
Chesterfield,"  is  graphically  deacriptive  of  the  atate  of  manners 
in  tho  United  States.  Not  to  apeak  of  N»w  York,  which  is  tho 
especial  object  of  hia  eulogium,does  he  mean  to  say,  that  he  was 
annoyed  by  such  practices  at  Boston,  •♦  with  whose  manners, 
appearince,  and  style  altogether,  we  were  much  taken,"  or  in 
"the  agreeable  aociety  of  Philadelphia,"  or  the  "  ogreeable  and 
intelligent  society  of  Baltimore?"  The  reader  must  infer  that 
be  was,  for  after  asserting  the  "  too  great  fidelity  "  of  the  slric- 
turcfi,  he  strengthens  the  impression  which  he  deairea  to  make 
as  to  tbcir  general  applicability,  by  excepting  indeconun  in  liie 
Churches  and  Courts  of  Justice.  •  ' 

We  might,  perhap,  render  tho  unfairneas  of  thia  domfnct 
more  obvious,  by  rewrnng  to  a  recent  number  of  a  periodical 
work,  conducted  under  dislinguiihed  auspices.  In  the  New 
Monthly  Magazine,  will  be  found  a  series  of  papers  of  which 
the  purpose  is  to  ridicule  the  prevailing  vices  of  behaviour;  and 
the  necessity  for  the  writer's  labours  was  suggested  to  him,  he 
says,  by  what  actually  fell  under  hi«  own  obaenration.     It  can^ 


09 


<9,  v'lbratinf; 
10  of  which 
or  the  preMi 
\ie  ihow  by 
r  either  tex, 

•  where,  the 
in.     So  far, 

I  miperiority 
of  which  he 

will  himaeK 
n  of  rxtracts 
ce  of  •  hook 
Ficient  proof 
ig  claim*  to 
inference  ai 
■k|  and  even 
eridenee  of 
in  the  king- 
lusly  depre- 
'  which  the 
It  would  be 
hman  "eatf 
:k8  hif  teeth 
in  his  throat 

•  has  strange 
laking  f.ices, 
>okiiig  after- 
pany  aick." 
'*  American 
)  of  manners 
which  is  the 
,  that  he  was 
se  manners, 
ken,"  or  in 
greeable  and 
st  inf«r  that 

of  the  strie- 
ires  to  make 
:oT\uu  in  Lue 

'*,.'.  ■'  -f"' 
th!i  c'ondnct 

a  perioaical 
In  the  Newr 
ers  of  which 
haviour;  and 
I  to  him,  he 
ion.    It  cano 


not  be  aiipim"««<  th*^  ^^)'  po'iC'^'nt  irony  would  have  found  a 
place,  but  Irom  the  hope  of  iho  iiiusinoua  Editor,  thai  tho  nu- 
nieroua  and  faahionable  patrons  of  the  Miaoeltany  might  be  be< 
nested  hy  it.     Tlie  following  are  amonfpt  the  maxims. 

48.  If  you  m»nt  a  female  in  the  atreet,  nrver  give  her  the  in< 
aide,  unless  it  b«  her  right 

as.  R«  ortho4lox  in  politics  as  well  as  in  religion,  t'isll  au 
Ameriean  that  rnpublica  muat  end  in  monarchy,  and  their  ••- 
re«r  be  Mhort.  Tell  the  HuMiiana,  they  are  rogues  and  savages 
for  miking  war  upon  ihe  gentle  Turks,  becauae  yoM  aell  them 
goods,  and  it  .<poiv,  your  traffic. 

(il  If  you  enter  a  drawing-room  before  dinner,  •  little  time 
too  early,  and  find  youraelf  vis  a-tn»,  with  an  unlucky  viaiter 
■f  forlern  aa  youraelf,  do  not  utter  a  word.  The  ehancea  are, 
nine  out  of  ten,  he  will  not  apeak  fiiat,  that  is,  if  he  bo  ■  tnio 
Briton.    Stare  at  him  as  hard  as  you  can. 

69.  ir  vou  meet  a  lady  in  socio^ty,  oKI  or  young,  married  or 
■ingle,  who  eqimla  you  in  argument,  or  riaes  auperior  to  the 
thouiand  and  one  eutomatons  (Tiagorged  monthly  from  faahioni- 
ble  board ing-achoola,  report  her  a  hat  bleu  to  your  male  ao- 
quainlances,  and  «varn  her  own  aex  to  ahun  her. 

80.  When  you  dine  at  a  public  dinner,  always  take  your  scat 
oppoaite  a  favourite  diah.  Carve  it  yourself,  and  select  tho 
choioeat  bitj,  then  leave  it  to  your  right  hand  neighbour  to  help 
tho  reat  of  the  company. 

86.  Always  stick  your  napkin  in  vour  button-hole  at  tho  din- 
ner-table, if  you  admit  such  French  superfluities  st  all.  Eat 
with  the  sharp  edge  of  your  knife  towarda  your  mouth;  fbrk« 
won't  take  up  gravy. 

89.  V/h«i9n  seated  at  dinner,  between  two  sgrceable  ladies,  di" 
rect  jrour  conversation  solely  to  the  gentleman  opposite  you,  at 
the  other  aide  of  the  table. 

90.  Alwaya  be  poaitive  when  you  have  a  lurking  conacious- 
ness  of  baling  wrong;  it  will  give  you  the  reputation  of  firm- 
nesa. 

100.  Never  leave  ■  dispute  to  be  settled  by  arbitration;  if  yon 
are  rich  always  appeal  to  law,  especially  if  your  opponent  \m 
poor.  The  lawyers  will  manage  for  you  long  before  the  case 
gets  up  to  the  Lords,  and  perhaps  secure  your  rral  in  baneo- 
rtgi*  lor  expenses.  In  an  arbitratign,  the  case  may  be  decided 
against  you  tn  a  twiitkMng.  h  is  a  capital  thinp  that  justice  and 
e  long  purse  are  sworn  brothers;  besides  monied  men  should 
have  some  advantage  in  Rociety. 

16S.  If  you  cannot  get  laA  out  from  the  list  of  jurymen  under 
Mr.  Peel's  late  Art,  by  s  bribe  to  the  officer,  who  makes  up  the 
papers,  and  vou  are  obliged  to  sit,  always  do  as  the  Judge  tells 
you,  eapeoially  in  cases  of  libel. 

195,  Thotigb  you  do  not  oare  about  religioa  youraelf  it  is  fit* 


■¥ 


Hm- 


tln(  to  hav«  •  i}<^«nt  inittmtl  jwat  for  it,  ind  not  to  tllow  oitiart 
totll««'k  it  ImiUle  ■  IvArnvd  Jti*iK«>,  who,  upon  •  nun  tMHiig 
irM  beforo  him  for  MaaphemjTt  and,  in  dofaneo,  abuaini  IM 
donrv,  oMfllainMN*  to  a  friend  ailtinK  on  iho  baneh  with  riimy 
«*  IMl  Im  d— d  i(  i  Will  ail  and  hear  ibo  Chriatian  Haligioo  ro« 
TiM  in  thia  manner." 

179.  Whan  your  dauRhton  mb  trmtlato  **Co«nm«nt  touii 
portot  voiia,"  and  interlard  th«ir  convaraation  after  the  mode  of 

Sivcrnoaaaa,  with  intorjecliona  in  that  tongue — when  they  can 
ng  the  worda  of  an  Italian  aoim.  the  meaning  of  which  they 
do  not  fiomprehend.  and  atrum  ■  tuno  out  of  time,  il  ia  a  certain 
proof  of  a  faahionable  educatioii,  end  that  ihfy  arn  ripe  for  ao- 
oietyi  proclaim  them  adepta  in  taatitful  acquirementa,  and  cut 
all  vrii  will  not  implioitly  credit  your  lie. 

18V.  «f  you  ride  on  ■  eoach  in  rain,  manage  to  drain  your 
umbruila  in  your  neighbour's  neck,  it  may  be  agreeable  !u  nina* 
If  you  ride  down  Bund  8lr(<et  on  a  muddy  day,  riiic  aniartlyt 
oloee  to  the  pavement,  thaC  you  may  bomire  the  peaaengera.  If 
you  fan  find  a  vacant  place  in  front  of  a  abort  pereon  in  th« 
Opera  Pit,  more  specially  i/thut  permn  ba  a  /(tmale,  lake  it 
immedtflielv;  you  do  not  obatruct  ihe  hearing.  If  you  l)otd  th« 
newapeper  in  a  ooffee-houae,  keep  it  until  you  have  aiioUed  all 
the  advertiaementa  twice  over,  becauae  another  ia  waiting  to  look 
at  it.  Order  ^our  earriage  to  halt  at  every  place  w  here  there  il 
a  awept  croaaing  for  the  benefit  of  foot  (laaeengera.  Tell  evor^ 
tradeaman  whoae  ahop  you  enter  that  hia  goods  are  bad,  hii 

C'  coa  an  impoaition,  and  you  will  buy  nothinj^,  thouch  h«  haa 
n  two  houra  trying  to  aatiafy  your  caprice.  Make  your 
coachman  drive  hard,  and  if  he  drivea  over  a  child  or  old  wo» 
mnn,  charge  him  with  eareleMmeaa,  and  acting  againat  ordera. 
If  you  waar  an  umbreila'bonnet  at  a  public  meeting  or  exhibi' 
tioo,  don't  take  it  off,  that  tho  peraon  behind  you  may  aee  too. 
In  abort,  never  mind  aDooying  otban,  if  you  ean  keep  free  of 
annoyance  youraelf. 

Captain  Hall  will  doubtjeaa  think  it  the  reault  of  American 
prtyudiee,  when  wo  amiie  at  the  idea  of  hia  becoming  a  critie 
on  maanera.  There  ia  ao^ething  about  him  too  aharp,  annilart 
and  6rtW7«o~-«  haaty,  rapid  aort  of  diarogard  of  the  faem^ii 
and  opinioM  of  othofv.  Would  he  act  in  London  aa  he  re^^k» 
aenta  himaelf  io  have  dooe.in  the  Uni'ed  Statea,  elevating  hia 
Toiee,  and  heating  hiroaolf  up  into  ofienaive  remarke,  whiM  all 
around,  according  to  hia  own  ahowing,  maintained  the  moel  per- 
fect compoaure?  If  not,  here  ia  the  moat  deeiaive  mW  of  vuI-< 
garitj;  mt  no  gentloaaan  approaahtacmy  aoeiety  wHb  leaaof  atlf- 
command  thwi  he  doear  what  Ae  de$m»  tho  very  biflu»t.  OtSMT* 
wiae,  the  decorum  preaerved  ia  the  reault,  not  of  principle,  Ipl 
of  awe.  It  apringa  not  from  a  conatant  aenn  of  what  ii  diM  to 
sne-aeU;  btit  from  a  calcubtion  that  it  it  nDt  po|i«W4V  Aftf  to 


05 


■Itow  •ilwra 
I  mtn  bwng 
•butlnc  tfew 

t\  with  riim» 
li«ligioo  rc< 


nRMnt  voua 
lh«  mod*  of 
i«sn  ihey  can 
which  the/ 
t  If  •  rortaia 
ripe  for  «>• 
tU,  and  CM I 

dnia  TOur 

lable  !u  nim. 
iilo  aniartly, 
lacniers.  If 
irton  in  tha 
n/i/c,  take  it 
^ou  hold  iha 
I  apelled  all 
itingto  look 
licr«  thero  is 
Tell  PTcr^ 
urn  bad,  hil 
>uKh  he  has 
Make  your 
A  or  old  wo« 
linM  orders. 
I  or  cxhibi* 
lay  aee  too.^ 
keep  free  of 

>r  American 
ning  a  critie 
irp,  nngular* 
the  TeeKl^pi 
as  he  repr#t 
ileTating  his 
IS,  whin  all 
Im  noeft  per- 
aroG^  of  vult 
bless  of  sslf- 

teSt.    OtSMT' 

rinciple,  Ifol 
bat  ii  diM  10 


i   » 


indalgt*  native  pcti'anee.*  H«'  had  no  mnrf  right  <•>  he  nide 
to  so  Amnricaii  lady  than  tu  the  King  In  hii  a|H!rch,  at  Hroek- 
■Ville  In  Upper  Canada,  (vol.  i.  p.  MH,)  hetava,  **  Foreiampkk 
if  I  were  to  take  it  into  my  head,  liknTom  rhitrnh,  to  awear  I 
would  be  a  rebel,  and  drclinn  !ii<t  M*je*ty'a  farthrr  «m|jU>y. 
inent,  I  don't  conceive  the  King  wculdf  bo  quite  au  '11  off,  as  I 
ahould  bf,  wren  hia  majeaty,  On  the  other  hand,  to  iiRnify  that 
ho  had  no  farther  occaaion  for  my  ser"  irpn." 

It  ia  very  Iruo  that  an  A  met  lean  lady  ^ad  no  power  of  di<!* 
miaaing  him  from  the  asrvios,  yet  it  waa  not  tho  lata  unjust!- 
^able  to  put  on  towards  her  *'  an  pxprra^ion  of  countenance" 
at  which  ahe  •'  took  fire,"  on  acooiiril  of  n  nimark  a»  to  the 
dctterity  and  Tiitelligenco  of  American  atagt  drivera,  and  tho 
dor ility  cf  their  horaes,  and  this  too,  when  she  seems  merely 
to  have  echoed  hia  own  language.  These  circumatancea,  will 
undoubtedly,  make  a  very  unfavourable  imprfnitinn  in  the  IJni- 
ted  States,  smongst  those  who  looked  on  with  amazement  at 
this  sort  of  cxhi^tion,  and  were  reminded  of  tho  scene  st  the 
cischan  of  Aborfoil,  when  the  young  English  gentleman, 
Francea  OaUildiatone,  was  ao  much  aatoiiiahed  at  aoeing  tho 
Highlanders  "  jnorting  and  snufling  up  tho  air,  after  the  man- 
ner of  their  countrymen  when  working  themselves  into  s  pas- 
flion."  It  will  icquin*  nil  their  rorollcction  of  Sir  Charles 
Bagot,  and  of  hia  amiable  succcaaor,  Mr.  Vaughan,  not  to 
frame  a  ijeneral  hypothesis  that  tho  idus  conveyed  by  the  wo.d 
"  chivalry,"  iaaa  diflbrcnt  in  the  two  countries,  ssCapts^n  HslI 
8uppo.i€9  its  pronunciation  to  be. 

It  is  curious  how  mere  trifles  illustrate  tho  tem/^cr  «rd  cha- 
racter. Take  for  example,  thealtcrcation  with  the  schoolmij- 
tress  at  New  York.  Wf?  all  remember  tho  story  of  tho  visit  of 
tho  late  king  to  one  of  the  nublic  schools  in  England,  when 
the  pedagogue  accompanied  nim  through  tho  different  classes, 

E reserving  s  most  magisterial  si}  —perhaps  wearing  his  hat — 
ut  at  the  door,  dropped  his  voice  into  on  earnest  entreaty  to 
be  forgiven — "  for  if  these  hoys  thought  there  was  a  greater 
man  than  myself  in  the  kingdom,  I  could  never  irtnage  tnom.'' 
'file  king  good  humouredly  laughed,  snd  assented  to  the  pro- 
bable justice  of  tho  remark.  But  our  Captain,  not  only  beards 
the  good  schoolmistress"  about  his  eternal  "  chivalry, "t  but 

*  The  Mrt  of  underbread,  confi  Jent,  air  of  Miunncc  referred  to,  perradei  the 
volume!.  It  W  difficult  to  giw  exitmnlea  of  whstt  consists  rather  in  a  general 
flippancy  prompting  to  ex preamoni  wen  Mt!utat  Hotton,  whither  manv  letter* 
or  hltmtiuction  were  taken,  "  So  we  oaonly  wrote  our  addreat  upon  each  letter, 
BOM  out  tkt  whok  battk  (doubtleit  through  the  I'oat  Oflice,  for  be  travelled 
idoWMt  a  aTvutt)  and  cat  stUl  to  watch  tne  remit." 

'  -^'rhete  is  a  vi-ry  ttuspiciuui  a!r  of  preparation,  it  may  be  remarked,  aboot  the 
•4||la<Sf  .thU  acene.  Captain  Hall  ealla  for  the  reading  of  a  particular  poemi 
tf  SiapttifM^  a  contemptiiou*  "tone"  that  woumla  the  feeUnga  of  the  "  good 
is.iisanrtn»i/*  and  induce*  her  to  aik  an  explanation  which  enables  Urn  to  vent 

0 


dWetr 


wnu- 


iMiifi 


.     66 

chuckles  al  the  mutiny  he  had  raiacd,  "  I  shrugged  my  shoul- 
ders, and  said  no  more  of  course,  but  was  much  amused  af- 
terwards, by  observing  that  when  one  of  the  girls  in  the  class 
in  question,  a  little  sprightly,  wicked-looking,  red-haired  las- 
sie, came  in  turn  to  read  the  Poem,  she  gave  to  both  the  words 
their  true  interdicted  pronunciation.  She  herself  did  not  dare 
to  look  up,  while  guilty  of  this  piece  of  insubordination;  but 
I  could  see  each  of  the  other  ^irls  peeping  archly  out  of  the 
corners  of  their  eyes  in  the  direction  of  the  mistress,  antici- 
pating probably,  a  double  dose  of  good  counsel  afterwards  for 
their  pains."  Every  one  but  Captain  Hall  feels  that  this  is 
very  silly  and  vulgar. 

Indeed,  throughout  these  volumes,  there  is*  an  unpleasant 
feeling,  that  we  travel  with  a  man  who  would,  in  real  life, 
make  a  very  disagreeable  companion.  He  cares  not  "a  fig" 
(to  use  his  own  term  at  Brockyille)  for  any  body;" he  is  opi- 

hia  criticism)  and  then  in  his  liurried  and  confident  aiseveration  that  Walker's 
Dictionary  "  Would  bear  him  out,"  we  plainly  see  a  man  who  had  made  sure  of 
his  triumph,  and  was  determined  not  to  be  balked.  He  had  pla^^ed  into  tbe 
hand*  of  nis  morning's  studies.  That  he  js  not  very  deep  in  the  Dictionaries  be- 
comes apparent  when  he  <s  caught  at  an  impromptu.  Thus  he  remarks,  "  The 
word  for  Autumn,  in  that  counlxy,  is  FoU,  a  term  nappily  expreiMve  of  the  fitte  of 
the  leaves,  and  worthy,  perhaps,  of  poetical,  if  not  vulgar,  adoption."  Now,  on 
turning  to  Johnson,  he  will  find  the  1 3th  meaning  of  fittl  to  be  autumn  -,  the  fall 
of  the  leaf,  the  time  when  tlie  leaves  drop  from  the  trees,"  with  an  illustration 
from  Divdcn,  wluch  shows  that  the  word  was  a  common  and  '.milutf  mode  of 
designating  one  of  the  seasons  of  the  vear  ( "  last  fall. ")  Ho  speaks  of  tlie  ex- 
pression to  "  subdue"  the  earth  as  a  local  one,  yet,  without  referring  to  the  mo- 
dem poets  Le  may  find  quoted  by  Johnson — 

"  Be  fruitful  and  replenish  the  earth  and  aubdue  it 
<*  Nor  is  it  unwholesome  to  «uMue  the  land 
By  often  exercise,  ajtd  where  before 
I.  You  broke  the  earth  again  to  plow." 

He  is  surprised  that  what  he  considered  a  jug,"  should  be  called  a  "pitcher^** 
whereas  the  New  York  Chambermaid,  was  right,  for  "jug"  has  reference  to  a 

gibbous  form,  carried  farther  than  is  found  lo  the  pbrsons  or  earthen  vessels  of 
le  Amcrica.is.     Doubtle^  the  poor  prl  could  have  exckimed  uith  bryden— 

•<  Hylas  may  drop  his  ptteAtr— none  will  cryt 
Not  if  he  drown  himself." 

But  to  ret«im  to  Capttun  Hall  and  the  schoolmistress.    The  f^upidon  of  foul 

£lav  is  much  confirmed  by  what  'occurs  in  another  volume.  At  New  Haven, 
e  fell  in  with  Noah  Webster,  the  author  of  the  Dictionary,  and  ytraightway  they 
are  found  harping  on  this  same  "  chivalry."  True,  the  tourist  ihodesdy  veils 
bis  own  share  of  the  philological  discusnon,  b^-  saving  {^nerallvj  that  he  asked 
the  lexicographer  <<  what  he  proposed  to  do  with  those  words  wtucb  were  gene* 
htily  ptonounced  dlfiTerendy  in  ihk  two  countries."  But  i£  is  imposnUe  jiot  to  see 
that  tne  very  word  which  forthirith  makss  its  appearance  was  of  the  Captain's  aogi. 
gestion.  We  can  abnosthear our kind-hettfted  old  gentleman exclaiin,  "Good 
Heavens!— Is  it  possible  diat  you,  a  naval  officer,  and  a  man  oi  the  world,  oka 
have  had  time  to  dive  thus  into  Dictionaries'"  the  whole  aSUr  irresistibfy  le- 
aunds  us  of  tjbc  man  in  the  vicar  of  Wakefield,  yriih  his  angle  sctq>  of 
kaaiing  about  cosmogohyi  and  at  New  Haven  it  ii  ^ffieult  to  avoid  sayfaig 
aloud,  with  the  good  Vioar,  "  I  beg  pardon  for  intemipting  so  much  leanunft 
butltUnklhavehcudthisbefore.  Pnyiinotyourname^hnamJinkniKm?' 


. 


:::*Mia 


■lati. 


I  my  ahoul- 
amused  af- 
in  the  claM 
1-haircd  las- 
h  the  words 
did  not  daro 
nation;  but 
r  out  of  the 
ress,  antici- 
erwards  for 
that  this  is 

unpleasant 
in  real  life, 
lot  ««afig" 
^;'he  is  opi- 

that  Walker't 
A  made  sure  of 
played  into  the 
iictionaries  be- 
«inarks,  "  The 
ve  of  tlie  fate  of 
ion."  Now,  on 
.uturbn;  the  fall 
1  an  illustration 
.miliar  mode  of 
leaks  of  tlie  ex- 
Ting  to  the  mo- 


id a  "pitcher," 
I  reference  to  a 
rthen  vessels  of 
with  bryden— 


uspicionoffoul 
It  New  Haven, 
traightway  thev 
i  ihodesdy  veib 
t^  that  he  aaked 
iich  were  gene? 
■nUejiottoaeft 
le  Captain'*  logi* 
xclaim,  "  Go«i 
the  world,  dn 
r  Uresistibfy  M- 
angle  uxvp  of 
to  avoid  laylDg 
much  leanunfc 
timJinldalMm?' 


% 


67 

nionative,  conceited,  eloquent.  Then,  I  warrant,  such  a 
fuss  about  his  plat ,,  nnd  his  baggage,  and  eternal  jars  with  the 
chambermaids,  one  passage  in  reference  to  this  last  matter  has 
been  already  cited;  but  there  is  another  so  characteristic  that 
it  must  not  be  omitted. 

It  occurs  at  page  142  of  his  first  volume.     He  is  far  away 


» 


in  the  western  part  of  the  State  of  New  York.  "  One  day, 
this  is  evermore  the  prologue  to  his  tales  of  distress,)  "  One 
day,  I  was  rather  late  for  breakfnst,  and  as  there  was  no  water 
in  my  jug,  or  pitcher,  as  they  call  it,  I  set  off  post  haste,  half- 
shaved,  half-dressod,  and  more  than  half-vexed,  (i.  e.  in  a  great 
passion,)  in  quest  of  waler,  like  a  s(  iman  on  short  allowance, 
hunting  for  rivulets,  on  some  uii:  own  coast  I  went  up 
stairs  and  down  stairs,  and  in  the  course  of  my  researches  into 
haif-a-dozen  different  apartments,  might  have  stumbled  on 
some  lady^s  chamber,  as  the  song  says,  which  considering  the 
plight  I  was  in,  would  have  been  awkward  enough."  Now, 
on  behalf  of  that  very  respectable  class  of  females,  the  cham- 
bermaids of  the  western  part  of  the  State  of  New  York,  we 
have  a  word  to  say.  From  the  antecedent  description  it  would 
seem  that  the  girl  here  aimed  at,  though  not  named,  performed 
the  duties  of  what  is  called  "a  maid  of  all  work.'*  Then  it 
is  evident,  that  Captain  Hall  was  himself  to  blame,  for  lying 
in  bed  until  she  was  called  off  to  wait  upon  the  breakfast  table. 
That  he  is  rather  indolent  and  aristocratic  in  his  habits,  he 
has  obligingly  informed  us.  Thus  on  a  subsequent  occasion, 
he  says,  with  a  pleasant  wit,  « there  is  certainly  more  satisfac- 
tion in  taking  one's  morning  nap  before  setting  out,  than  in 
rising  with  the  stupid  cocks,  who  have  nothing  else  to  do  but 
crow,"  and  adds,  "  We  lay  snoozing  very  snugly,  to  our  good 
landlady's  infinite  surprise."  But  to  return  to  the  defence  of 
the  New  York  chambermaid.  Captain  Hall  says,  he  was 
"/»a(/^-8haved."  How  was  this?  without  water?  Scarcely. 
Why  did  he  commence?  Above  all,  why  go  over  the  house, 
in  a  condition  to  offend  an^  female  he  might  meet  ?  Why  not  put 
on  his  clothes?,  But  for  his  own  ^mparative  sluggishness.  Cap- 
tain Hall  iifould  probably  have  found  in  these  chambers,  ladies, 
he  knew  not,  and  he  cared  not  whom.  The  English  gentle- 
man will  scarcely  believe  without  referring  to  the  volume,  that 
we  are  serious,  in  stating,,  that  this  disgusting  trash  is  to  be 
found  in  it 

'^  The  truth,  as  usual,  is  to  be  gathered  from  attending  to  the 
-context.  The  maid  referred  to,  was  probably  such  a  one  as  he 
describes,  at  page  121  of  the  same  volume,  "  a  pretty  young 
womaa  apparently  the  daughter  of  the  master  of  the  house." 
At  the  next  page  but  one,  and  whilst  in  the  same  region  of 
country,  he  says,  "  By  the  way  of  lee;  this  great  luxury  we 
found  avery  where  in  profttaioD,  even  in  the  cottages j  and.  an 


-ii^ilr j.^>{aiji|iii;!-iii!||!ii  r  #»Sil»^>i>>*iN>liaft 


iiiii 


t>8 

ice-pit  near  tho  house,  appears  to  be  a  matter  of  course.  The 
Tfiischiffia,  that  one  is  tempted,  in  consequence,  to  drink  too 
much  water,  and  this  to  a  stranger,  entering  a  limestone 
country,  is  not  a  harmless  indulgence  by  any  means."  Thus, 
then,  the  whole  matter  is  explained.  The  poor  girl  put  in  his 
room,  over  night,  as  much  of  the  liquid  as  she  had  found  suf- 
ficient for  any  former  traveller;  but  the  Captain,  allured  by  its 
coolness,  guzzles  away  all  night  at  the  limestone  water,  and  no 
wonder  he  was  not  ready,  betimes,  for  his  breakfast  This  ex- 
planation, is  due  to  a  young  woman  who  has  been  slandered 
behind  her  back,  in  a  strange  country.  Did  Captain  Hall  sup- 
pose, that  this  "  pretty  young  woman,  apparently  the  daughter 
of  the  master  of  the  house,'^  was  to  jog  him  by  the  shoulder 
**  Do  you  want  more  water?"  Would  it  have  been  decent  or 
becoming  on  her  part!  Nay,  the  girl  was  perfectly  right,  in 
even  keeping  out  of  the  way  of  this  thirsty  soul,  when,  accord- 
ing to  his  owh  showing,  his  appearance  would  have  shocked 
a  modest  female.  Here,  then,  we  find  a  gentleman,  going  about 
the  rooms  of  a  house,  expecting  every  moment  to  meet  females, 
and  conscious  that  his  person  was  indecently  exposed.  Yet 
this  refined  personage  is  perpetually  hinting,  that  he  has  some 
ominous  disclosures  to  make,  about  what  he  saw  in  America. 
**  I  might  easily  describe  in  what  the  difference  consists,  be- 
tween American  and  European  manners.  But  there  is  always, 
I  think,  more  or  less,  a  breach  qf  confidence  in  such  descrip- 
tions, however  generally,  or  however  delicately  expressed/'- 

We  confess,  that  the  delicacy  of  this  course  of  conduct  is 
quite  lost  on  us.  Surely  it  would  be  both  more  useful,  and 
more  respectful  to  speak  out  plainly,  so  as  to  give  us  a  chance 
of  reformation,  than  to  indulge  in  general  contemptuous  hints 
which  operate  abroad  much  more  successfully  ill  the  way  of 
dintaragement,  while  to  ourselves  they  are  more|j|alling.  He 
tells  us,  in  another,  place,  that  <*  the  rule^  of  behaviour  are  not 
yet  settled."  As  he  has  thus  wrapt  up  himself  in  mystery,  it 
is  necessary  to  grope  after  the  truth  as  well  as  we  can,  and  as- 
suming Captain  liaU  himself  tbjiie  the  representative  of  what  he 
calls  Europoan  manners,  to  glean  from  his  book,  what  he  pro- 
bably deems  the  disadvantageous  points  of  comparison.  Thus, 
for  example,  we  have  already  seen  that  the  leading  distinction 
between  his  o^vn  manner,  and  that  of  the  Americans,  is  found 
in  their  habitual  courtesy,  gentleness,  and  self-possession.  So 
much  for  the  drawing-room,  and  the  dinner-table.  Asto  their 
deportment  in  country  inns,  he  will  certainly  find  few  Ameri- 
can gentlemen  disposed  to  be  his  imitators.  It  is  not  their  way 
to  run  about  a  house,  half-naked,  into  the  sleeping  apartments 
of  females,  oq  the  flimsy  pretence  of  looking  for  iced  water. 
In  their  simple  code  this  would  be  held  altogether  ungenteel. 
It  seems  that  the  gentlemen  in  Canada,  carry  this  indecent 


rsc.     The 
drink  too 
limestone 
J."  Thus, 
put  in  his 
found  nuf- 
ired  by  its 
ter,  and  no 
.    This  ex- 
slandered 
I  Hall  sup- 
e  daughter 
le  shoulder 
1  decent  or 
y  right,  in 
en,  accord- 
^e  shocked 
joing  about 
let  females, 
osed.     Yet 
e  has  some 
I  America, 
snsists,  be- 
s  is  always, 
ch  descfip- 
ipressed,** 
conduct  is 
useful,  and 
tis  a  chance 
ftnouB  hints 
the  way  of 
tiling.     He 
lour  are  not 
mystery,  it 
!an,  and  as- 
)  of  what  he 
hat  he  pro- 
on.     Thus, 
distinction 
IS,  is  found 
sssion.     So 
Asto  their 
few  Ameri- 
>t  their  way 
apartments 
iced  water, 
ungenteel. 
lis  indecent 


69 


exposure  of  the  person  to  an  extent,  which  It  would  be  ininc« 
ing  matters  to  call  merely  barefaced.  Wc  are  indebted  to  Cap- 
tain Hall  for  the  following  anecdote.  (Vol.  i.  p.  246.)  "  At 
this  critical  stage  of  our  progress,  when,  I  suspect,  we  only 
wanted  a  good  excuse  for  turnmg  back,  but  were  deterred  from 
saying  so  by  the  mere  fact  of  its  being  hazardous  to  advance, 
we  observed  a  portly-looking  horseman  approaching  us  from 
the  marsh.  In  reply  to  our  interrogatories,  as  to  the  state  of 
the  roads  farther  on,  he  shook  his  head,  and  assured  us,  they 
were  much  worse  than  any  we  had  yet  seen.  *  The  truth 
is,'  added  he,  chuckling  at  his  own  prowess,  *  I  had  myself 
some  considerable  distance  to  ride,  through  a  place  where  it 
was  so  deep  that  the  water  came  far  above  my  knees.'  On 
hearing  th<s  assertion,  our  eyes  naturally  glanced,  incredu- 
lously, to  his  nether  garments,  which  were  perfectly  sleek, 
clean  and  dry.  *0!'  cried  he,  guessing  our  thoughts,  and 
smaicking  his  thigh  with,  his  hand,  '  I  was  obliged  to  take  off 
these  articles  (naming  them,)  and  by  hanging  them  over  my 
shoulders  I  did  very  well,  as  you  perceive.*  "  Captain  Hall 
seems  to  have  struck  up  an  intimacy  at  once  with  this  gentle- 
man, whom  he  familiarly  designates  afterwards,  (p.  247,)  as 
'^our  fat  friend,"  the  well  known  phrase  of  Brummel.  A  lit- 
tle further  on  (p.  865,)  he  is  led  into  the  remark,  <'  In  every 
part  of  Canada  we  found  the  inhabitants  speaking  English,  and 
acting  and  looking  like  Englishmen,  without  any  discernible 
difference.  At  the  other  extremity  of  the  continent  he  was 
equally  taken  with  the  Creek  Indians.  He  regrets  (vol.  iii. 
p.  296)  not  having  executed  sketches  of  them  with  the  Came- 
ra' Lucida,  "  but  until  it  was  all  over  this  never  once  occurred 
to  me,  and  thus  I  let  slip  the  only  opportunity  which  the  whole 
journey,  I  m»y  say,  my  whole  life  presented,  of  drawing  these 
interesting  savages  in  a  leisurely  way."  Their  dress  was  that 
of  the  naked  Pict,  having  nothing  about  the  body,  but "  a  small, 
square,  dark  coloured  cloth,  about  one  quarter  as  big  as  a  pocket 
handkerchief,  tied  by  a  slender  cord  round  the  middle."  But 
enough  of  this.  We  have  not  the  slightest  fear  that  Captain 
Hall's  evil  example  in  the  State  of  New  York  will  have  any 
effect  on  the  sober  decencies  of  the  inhabitants  of  that  moral 
Commonwealth,  nor  will  they  ever  believe  that  the  people  in 
the  mother  country  are  arrayed,  as  Captain  Hall  would  lead 
them  to  infer,  altogether  after  the  fashion  of  our  ^rst  parents 
in  the  old  family  Bibles. 

One  complaint  is  preferred  against  the  society  of  the  United 
States,  of  rather  a  singular  character.     He  says,  "  Positively  I 


▼indication  of  the  young  people  from  sudi  a  charge,  and  we 


.iv 


'•im>-'    It     ii>if»<f|  i>n  «,ii)i.jiii!J,i(>ijT'l 


11"  1-  r ili''nttlir 


iilMiiif'iffiflIfy 


70 


!' 


must  refer  him  to  what  his  been  said  by  one  of  his  brother 
officers,  the  Hon.  Mr.  De  Rood. 

« In  American  society,  there  is  fur  less  formality  and  restraint, 
than  is  found  in  that  of  Europe;  but  I  must  observe,  that,  not- 
withstanding the  freedom  of  intercourse  which  is  allowed,  the 
strictest  propriety  prevails,  both  in  conversation  and  djsmea- 
nour."  "  I  had  an  opportunity  of  witnessing  an  instance  of 
the  cordial  and  unreserved  communication  which  exists,"  &c. 

«  Tho  manners  of  the  women  are  so  easy  and  natural,"  &c. 

The  difierence  between  the  two  witnesses  is,  probably,  ex- 
plained by  the  circumstance,  that  one,  from  his  birth,  has  had 
access  to  the  society  of  a  Metropolis,  whilst  Captain  Hall  tells 
us  that  he  has  "  been  ali  hia  life  at  sea,  or  knocking  about," 
&c.  (vol.  iii.  p.  431.)  One  whose  existence  has  thus  been 
spent,  either  on  board  a  man-of-war,  or  in  «« knocking,"  or 
being  knocked  "  about,"  cannot  have  spent  much  time,  w« 
would  fain  hope,  with  the  softer  sex.  Of  course  he  has  had  his 
frolicks  like  other  young  men,  but  they  have  been  at  Sheer- 
ness  or  Spithead,  and  as  these  places  live  on  the  seafaring 
classes,  it  is  probably  no  difficult  matter  for  a  brisk  young  fel- 
low to  get  introduced,  and  to  find,  even  in  reputable  familiea, 
young  people  well  inclined  to  a  fine  game  at  romps.  In  Ree's 
Cyclopaedia,  under  the  head  Portland,  we  find  an  account  of 
Vv'hat  is  called,  in  that  part  of  England,  *<  Portland  custom," 
which  must  afibrd  rare  sport  to  the  young  middies;  and  it 
accounts,  by  the  way,  for  a  similar  practice  said  to  prevail  in 
some  parts  of  the  backwoods  of  America,  having,  doubtless, 
been  carried  thither  by  some  emigrants  from  this  very  qaarter. 
To  one  dwelling  on  such  free  and.  easy  reminiscences,  it  is  quite 
natural  that  there  ahould  appear,  in  the  United  States,  «*  tho 
most  respectful  and  icy  propriety  upon  all  occasions,  when 
young  people  qf  different  sexes  were  brought  togetkert  (vol. 
iii.  p.  150. )  It  seems  that  this  Flirtation  i»  **  a  MMitlou«  and 
exclusive  attention  paid  to  one  person  abovft  all  otb«M>^  It  is 
not  "attachment,"  but  it  "  borders  closely  upon  it:'*'«;it  is  an 
incipient  interest  sometimes  felt  by  one,  Sbinetimes  shared  by 
both."  It  "  may  be  fanned  into  a  flame,  or  be  allowed  to  ex- 
pire," &c.  The  Captain  cautions  us,  that  "  the  j^actice  qf  ex- 
pressing ifxah  emotions,  and  many  others  od  similar  charac- 
ter should  be  habitual,  and  not  contingent."  Truly,  at  the 
present  day,  in  England,  even  in  the  seaports,  one  of  these  in- 
sinuating Billy  Taylors,  thus  in  the  habit  of  "  discovering  his 
mind,"  would  be  very  apt  to  find  himself  laid  by  the  heels,  be- 
fore a  court  and  jury.  It  is  hold  that  a  promise  of  marriage  may 
be  inferred  from  eireumstances,  and  it  would  stand-  the  cul- 
prit in  little  stf^dy  ^  suspect,  to  declare  it  was  only  a  way  he 
had.  To  bc;8eri<Mi8^  if  Cantain  Hall  never  epjoyed  an  oppor* 
tuaity  of  mixtag  ii|a«h  wwi  people  of  refinement,  yet  a  httle 


hia  brother 

id  restraint^ 
:,  that,  not* 
tlowed,  the 
and  djsmea- 
instance  of 
Kists,"  &c. 
itural,"  &c. 
obabiy,  ex- 
'th,  has  had 
n  Hall  tells 
ng  aboutf** 
\  thua  beea 
jcking,"  or 
:h  time,  we 
has  had  his 
n  at  Sheer' 
e  seafaring 
young  fel- 
lie  familiesy 
In  Ree's 
account  of 
i  custom t" 
lies;  and  it 
3  prevail  in 
,  doubtless, 
ery  quarter. 
I,  it  is  quite 
ates,  *<ihe 
sionS)  when 
etkeff  (vol. 
iditlous  and 
m."*  It  is 
:'*"«,itisan 
8  shared  by 
>wed  to  ex-' 
dice  qfex- 
ilar  charao- 
ruly,  at  the 
of  these  in- 
iovering  his 
le  heels,  be- 
uriage  may 
nd-  the  cul- 
ly a  way  he 
a  an  oppor* 
yet  a  ktUe 


>l> 


4'-: 


71 

reflection  might  have  taught  him  that  it  is  the  peculiar  office  of 
good  breeding  to  diacounteiiance  this  sort  of  "  sedulous  and 
exclusive"  attention — this  hanging  about  a  young  lady,  and  en- 
grossing  her  attention,  instead  of  suffering  her  to  feel  that  each 
member  of  the  company  has  an  equal  claim  on  the  contribution 
which  she  can  offer  to  society.  This  pairing  off  in  corners — 
these  half  courtships — render  the  country-gathering  so  import- 
ant an  event  to  sly  daughters,  and  match-making  mothers;  but 
we  suspect  that  such  an  exhibition  would  bo  deemed  quite  as 
vulgar  in  London  as  in  New  York.  By  way  of  illustration,  we 
may  suggest,  that  had  he  witnessed  any  such  scene,  ho  ^ould 
probably  have  deemed  it  intrusive  and  unkind,  to  solicit  an  in- 
troduction to  the  young  lady — perhaps  the  most  interesting  per- 
Mn  in  the  room, — thinking  that,  according  to  the  sailor  phrase, 
"three  tpoils  company." 

The  ingenuity  of  the  Captain  in  framing  an  hypothesis  is  re- 
markably manifested  at  Stockbridge.  He  attended  a  cattle- 
show  at  that  place,  but  the  day  was  a  most  unfavourable  one, 
*'  all  was  discomfort,  and  it  made  otie  feci  cold  and  damp  even 
io  took  from  the  toindow  nt  ihe  drenched  multitude."  He 
adds,  *'it  was  truly  melancholy  to  see  the  poor  people's  beat 
elotheSf  and  other  finery  destroyed^  and  all  their  amusements 
marred.  The  gay  flags  ^  instead  of  waiving  over  the  heads  of 
the  lads  and  lasses  of  the  neighbourhood,  hung  dripping  down 
to  the  very  mud,"  &c.  "Shortly  after  the  ploughing  match  was 
ended,  ths  day  cleared  up,  and  I  expected  to  see  some  of  that 
merriment  set  a  going  which  I  had  been  taught  to  consider  as 
the  appropriate,  and  almost  necessary  accompaniment  to  such  a 
meeting.  In  particnlar,  I  hoped  to  see  the  women  tripping 
out,"  &e.  So  far  from  this  being  the  case,  "the  women  trudged 
hpme."  •'  A(te)^  a  hasty  dinner,  to  whic*^  they  sat  down  at  one 
o'doek>  they  preeeeded  to  the  church  to  hear  an  oration,  and 
he  desorHMtf  immitely*  the  process  employed  to  secure  him  a 
**  ipod  bH^  It  was  obvious,  from  a  hundred  things,  that  they 
wished  Id  tiM^  strangers  with  all  distinction."  The  females 
had  previeuriy-been  provided  with  places  in  the  Charch.  From 
these  simple  facts.  Captain  Hall  draws  two  inferences: — 1st 
That  there  is  a  sombi  gloomy  temper  in  the  country;  an  indis- 
position to  merriment;-  the  people  won't  laugh;  "  they  appear 
wofully  ignorant  of  the  difBcult  art  of  being  gracefully  idle." 
8nd.  That  the  women  are  sedulously  set  apart  from  the  men  on 
all  publi'"  occasions.  *'  At  Stockbridge,  it  is  true,  a  considera- 
rable  number  of  women  were  present  at  the  oration,  but  they 
were  carefully  placed  on  one  side  of  the  Church." 

Now  we  humbly  conceive  that  the  facts '  stated  by  Captain 
Hdl  furnish  us  with  the  true  exp}aQation,«f  Jbsith  the  circum- 
stanoes  which  appeared  so  inexplicdile;  and  be  knows  the  fun- 
damental rule  of  philosophy  j  that  no  more  ewHWB  are  to  be  sought 


..-*. 


I'^it 


rnHif  in.  ■■   wii-iTiiliit.>t»i  itii'i 


'ilM-wnTfiTtlfTfif 


99 


for  than  will  sufficiently  explain  the  phenomena.  With  renrd 
to  the  first,  it  striiies  us,  that  as  the  poor  women  had  hau  all 
their  finery  "  destroyed"  and  themselves  draggle-tailed  in  the 
mud,  while  Captain  Hall  was  gazing  from  the  window,  it  was 
quite  a  :iuflicient  reason  wliy  they  should  make  their  way  home 
in  order  to  dry  themselves,  particularly  as  they  had  to  take 
their  places,  at  one  o'clock,  to  hoar  the  oration.  2nd.  As  to 
the  arrangement  at  the  church,  there  seems  to  be  an  equally  ob- 
vious explanation.  If  precautions  were  neceiSs^Ary  to  secure 
places  for  strangers,  it  is  quite  natural  that  some  arrangement 
should  be  made  to  provide  for  the  convenience  of  the  ladies. 
Indeed  Captain  Hall  tells  us,  *'  It  is  a  rule  we  saw  univtraal- 
l<j  observed  in  America,  never  to  think  how  the  men  shall  fare 
till  every  female  has  been  fully  accommodated."  They  were 
temporarily  separated  from  the  men,  on  the  same  principle  that 
they  occupy  the  front  seats  at  the  Theatre.  Such  seems  to  be 
the  simple  explanation  of  the  mystery.  Instead  of  being  ad- 
mitted by  tickets,  given  indiscriminately,  a  passage  into  the 
Church,  previous  to  the  ceremonies,  was  allowed  only  to  la- 
dies; and  to  prevent  thoir  being  pressed  upon  or  incommoded^ 
a  particular  part  of  the  building  was  assigned  to  them. 

At  another  cattlc:show  Addres*",  no  ladies  were  present,  yet 
he  declares  it  was  one  "  which  the  most  delicate  minded  per- 
son on  earth  might  have  listened  tc«"  He  had  just  before  re- 
marked, that  '*  the  numerous  pens  where  the  bullocks  and 
aheep  were  enclosed,  afforded  a  nigh  treat  from  the  variety  fif 
the  breeds,  and  the  high  condition  of  the  animals  exposed." 
His  own  language,  negativing  any  indelicacy  in  the  topics  dis- 
cussed, suggestd  the  obvious  possibility  of  the  introduction^ 
amongst  these  plain  country  people,  of  practical  details  illustra- 
tive of  the  good  breeding  of  the  cattle  rather  than  of  the  orat/jr; 
and  it  would  seem  quite  as  well,  therefore,  for  ladies  to  keep 
away.  It  happens,  that,  just  at  this  moment,  we  are  less  in  the 
humour  to  quarrel  with  this  fastidiousness,  .from  having  wit- 
nessed the  pitiable  distress  of  the  very  modest  and  learned  gen- 
tleman yvho  conducted  the  late  inquiry  into  the  case  of  DavieSi 
an  alleged  lunatic.  The  following  paragraph  from  the  Times, 
of  December  S2,.  ad  verts  to  what  fe!!  under  our  observation. 
"  The  ladies  present,  to  whom  it  had  bi^eti  several  times  inti- 
mated that  they  had  better  withdraw,  .jersisted  in  keepins  their 
pl/ces.  The  Commissioners  lI  last oliderved,  that asalT/iints 
•luie^-e  lost  upon  the  ladies,  itwo-?' ;  not  be  necessary  to  consult 
Uieir  feelings  any  farther. "  Wi:  uer tainly  prefer  to  this  efiroa- 
tery  even  the  shyness  of  the  Macfv.a'iusetts  females. 

It  is  curious  to  note  the  trivial  ctvcnmstanoes  on  which  the 
&te  of  nntionSf  as  well  as  of  individual; ,  of  ^en  depends.  At  ti|« 
cat3lc-Bhow,  Captfip  Hall  was  lounging  tAwA,  "virhen  suddei|;)|; 
ly  the  sound  of  a  fiddle  struck  uponi. .''  i^^JCy**  (vol.  IL  p.  Ifld,) 


iVith  r«nrd 
[lad  lull  all 
ailed  in  the 
low,  it  was 
r  way  home 
lad  to  take 
and.  Aa  to 
equally  ob- 
y  to  secure 
rrangement 

the  ladies. 

universal' 
m  ahall  fare 
They  were 
rinciple  that 
ieems  to  be 
f  being  ad- 
^e  into  the 
only  to  Ia« 
commoded, 
im. 

iresent,  yet 
linded  per- 
t  before  re- 
ullocks  and 
!  variety  fif 

exposed." 
)  topics  dis- 
itroductioriy 
ails  illustra- 
'  the  oraUir; 
lies  to  keep 
e  less  in  the 
havinc  wit- 


earned  gen- 
)  of  DavieSf 
the  Timesy 
>b8ervation. 
timet  iati- 
eepins  their 
%»,auMnt8 
J  to  consult 
thi8e£Groa- 
I. 

a  which  the 
ds.  At  the 
len  sudden^ 
IL  p.  10dJ 


73 

he  **  ran  eagerly  to  the  spot,"  (ib. )  but  found  no  women  there, 
and  he  makes  up  his  mind  that,  with  us,  females  do  not,  as 
mothtrs,  wives,  and  sisters,  enjoy,  in  the  depths  of  domestic 
miraiiy,  that  salutary  influence  which  thev  posseM  *'  in  more 
lortniMtely  arranged  communities,"  and  which,  thank  Ood,  wo 
know  to  bo  no  where  more  happily  exercised  than  in  the  United 
States.  Had  there  been  in  the  booth,  dancing  to  the  fiddle,  a 
flingle  female,  even  of  loone  character,  the  whole  aspect  of  the 
book  might  have  been  changed!  As  it  is,  wo  may,  perhaps, 
in  vain  remind  him,  as  a  kind  of  set  off  against  the  adventure 
of  the  fiddle,  that  there  is  no  incident  in  the  cnrly  life  of  Wash- 
ington more  familiar  to  our  youth,  or  deemed  more  character- 
istic, than  his  prompt  abandonment  of  the  Navy,  at  the  instance 
of  a  widowed  mother. 

The  Captain  says,  « in  England,  no  fair,  no  place  of  public 
amusement,  no  election,  no  Court  qf  justice,  no  place,  in 
short,  public  or  private,  is  ever  thought  eotnplete  without  a  cer- 
tain and  most  influential  proportion  ot  female  interest  being 
mijfed  with  its  duties  or  its  pleasures. "  Whe^  he  asserts,  dis- 
paragingly, that  there  is  nothing  of  this  in  ti\e  United  States, 
we  must  ask  him  for  an  explanation.  Let  us  take,  for  exam- 
ple, the  legislative  bodies  oi  the  two  countries.  These  ore  the 
places  to  which  females,  one  would  suppose,  mi^ht  resort  with 
the  least  fear  of  being  aftnoved,  or  of  embarrassiisig  by  their  pre- 
seoee  the  more  sensitive  of  the  other  sex.  Now,  how  does  this 
matter  stand  in  Great  Britain?  The  annual  session  of  Parlia- 
ment, in  London,  is  there  the  only  scene  of  this  description, 
and  it  happens  that  from  both  Houses  ladies  are  excluded.  We 
most  exphin.     There  is  a  prohibition  never,  we  beliere,  de< 

Sarted  Stsm,  againut  their  appearance  in  the  gallery,  or  on  the 
bor  of  die  House  of  Commons;  bu^  by  a  special  wrder  from 
the  Speaker,  thev  may  be  admitted  to  a  sort  of  loft  above  the 
House,  whenee  they  caze  down  through  &  grating  kept  open  for 
the  parpose  df  veotiUtton.  the  s«ope  of  vision  being  about  suf- 
ficient to  enable  them  to  catch  a  glimpse  of  the  Speaker's  wig. 
In  order  to  enjoy  this  luxury,  etch  Mdy  has  to  throat  her  head 
into  one  of  the  apertures  of  a  kind  of  sentry-box  which  encom» 
passes  the  v«iBtilator,  and  to  one  below  they  must  look  like  so 
mi^y  roetei  in  a  pillory.  All  this  time  they  breathe  an  air  pro- 
ceeding from  the  heated  lungs  in  Ute  small,  close,  and  crowd- 
ed room  beneath.  So  jealous  is  the  ^separation  of  the  sexes," 
that  the  officer,  thoogh  sufficiently  courteous,  is  in  the  fid- 

Sts  iriten  a  gentleman  manifests  the  least  reluctance  to  quit  the 
r  objeei  ofhis  eharge.  In  the  other  House  the  arrangement 
is  still  more  ehnrlish.  Formerly,  ladies  were  admitted  on  the 
e»9cii|l  introduction  of  a  Peer;  but  since  ^debate  on  the  Ca- 
ttiidie  qoMtioD,  there  has  been  a  new  rule  fiitkitklio^  even  this; 
iud  the  only  mode  now  for  them  to  obtnm  MesMy  m  by  an  «<• 

10  .- 


■litoii-'- 


ii'i";:"^. 


'■*--'^--^-^"-"^''^ 


mmrnm 


\M 


74 

rsngcinont  with  the  officer  who  hu  charfce  of  b  small  spot  nC4t 
the  door,  shrouded  by  a  red  curtain.  The  lady  creeps,  stealth* 
ily,  under  cover,  lest  her  good>natured  introducer  should  be 
subjected  to  the  rebuke  of  the  Chancellor.  CapUin  Hall  knows, 
perfectly  well,  that,  in  both  Houses  of  Congress,  ample  provi* 
sion  is  made  for  the  accommodation  of  ladies  who  consUntly  at- 
tend, without  any  ridiculous,  and  somewhat  deron^iry,  effort 
at  concealment.  The  same  is  the  case  in  all  the  State  Legia- 
latures. 

As  to  the  Courts  of  justice,  he  surely  does  not  mean  to  as- 
sert that  it  is  customary,  in  London,  for  ladies  to  attend  them. 
Such  is  not  the  fact,  and  few  who  take  up  the  newspaper  ac- 
counts of  jury  trials  will  wish,  that  their  wires,  daughters,  or 
sisters,  had  been  present  to  join  in  the  "  laiigh"  with  which  the 
report  is  usually  interlarded,  or  to  have  been  desired  to  with- 
draw on  account  of  apprehended  iadelicaey.  It  certainly  is  not 
fashionable  for  ladies  in  America  to  be  present  on  suoh  occa- 
sions, unless  the  nature  of  the  case  be  well  known;  but  in  the 
Supreme  Court  of  the  United  Sutas,  sitting  as  a  Court  of  Er- 
ror, he  most  have  daily  seen  the  gay  throng  in  attendance,  and 
the  caraful  provision  n^ade  for  their  accommodation.  If  by  '  • 
certain  and  moat  influential  portion  of  female  ihtereat**  being 
«  mixed"  with  the  *<  duties"  of  a  court  of  justice,  he  refer  to 
that  kind  of  influence  which  brought  about  the  dismissal  of 
Lord  Chancellor  Clarendon^  it  is  very  cert&irj  we  know  nothing 
of  it  Any  other  meaning  he  may  have,  \»  d  have  not  sucreod- 
ed  in  catching. 

As  to  EkctUmaf  we  plead  guiHy,  to  being  of  the  number  of 
those  who  rejoice  that  they  abstain  from  any  aetivt  interferenoe. 
Surely  CapUin  Hall,  aftef  deprecating  the  prevalence  of  pdKti- 
cal  discussions  amen  ;'tt  us,  csnnot  be  serious  in  regretting  that 
the  better  half  of  oui;  population  should  keep  aloof  bom  Cbe  ir- 
riuting  contest  One  would  think  he  ought  rather  to  rejoice 
that  the  fire-side  is  saered,  and  that  it  afbtila  aonething  to  re- 
lieve and  soften  the  bittemeea  of  party  spirit  We  were  cer- 
tainly not  mueh  edified,  during  the  last  session  of  Parliament, 
at  Petitions  from  females  breathing  a  language  not  unlike  Uiat 
with  which,  in  former  days,  they  urged  the  speedy  execution 
of  the  King's  Minister.*    One  thing  i»  very  clears  the  ladies 

♦In  the  rth  v«da»e  of  the  Harkiut  MiioeilMnr,  p.  €05,  (IBd.  of  1811)«riU  be 
fimnd  "  The  Petitkm  of  the  Qentlewomcn  audi  l^idesinen't  Wiv^in  and  abpHt 
the  Citv  of  London,"  dcUTfred  to  the  Bouae  oFCommoo^  4th  Febnim^l641. 
They&dare  tlwt  nothing  tun  go  rigfat'whiltl  that  arch  enemy  or  our  Fmn  and 
iRefimution  lieth  in  the  Tower»  y«  iwtroceiving  hk  deserved  poniAiwEnt" 
«•  The  iraakncict  of  Uw  PapisU  and  their  abettori^  nmeth  a  just  Rw  and  mm- 
nicion  of  loving  (edition,  and  breaking  out  into  blonfy  pcHMutton  m  this  King- 
S5ithe  thooghti  of  wWchaul  and  baAalwi*  eventi  wdii^wir  tender  hearts  to 
nwkwHhinitt.'*  •  Our  preaert  («m  •«  that  nnksw  ti»  WoodHthin^  fcction 
oftlMPapirta  and  Pietatea  be  hindered  in  their  deogni,"k«.    It  often  atmek 


m 


T  iSaA^rifeithiB'iMf 


WfcatftMiJu'jWf^^'- 


-lil-..^..-^, 


7/1 


II  spot  ne4r 
ipa,  iteAlUh- 
•hould  be 
lall  knows, 
npio  proYi- 
instantly  »t- 
i\oTy,  effort 
Ute  Legis- 

netn  to  at« 
Ltend  them, 
vspaper  se^ 
tughtera,  or 
h  which  the 
red  to  with- 
talnlv  Is  not 

such  ocea- 
;  but  in  the 
)ourt  of  Er* 
ndance,  and 
.  Ifby  '« 
treat'*  being 

he  refer  to 
iiareiasal  of 
low  nothing 
not  suoread» 

B  number  of 
nterferenoe. 
oe  of  poHti- 
{retting  that 
firon  the  ir- 
srto  rejoioe 
ithtnKto  re> 
ft  were  cer- 
Parliamenty 
unlike  that 
\y  executioa 
ti  theladiet 

)n811)ivill  be 
,)«.inaiidabiMit 
FeMuuT  1641. 
f  our  Iwh  am) 
I  punisiuiwnt** 
•tftisrand  mm- 
ion  in  thisKiqc^ 
tender  hcwtt  to 

It  often  itnick 


f   > 


iQUit  either  agree  with  their  male  relatives  on  political  subjeote, 
ur  differ  from  iiiom;  if  the  farmer  be  tlio  caa«,  tlivir  ■ctivu  ex- 
ertions at  the  polU  may  well  be  spared,  and  if  the  latter,  no 
one,  wo  proBumo,  will  deem  such  exertions  a  public  good.  They 
have  functions  more  endearing  and  appropriate,  even  out  of  tne 
domestic  circle.  Captain  Hall  pays  a  tribute  to  the  untiring 
and  effective  leal  of  the  American  ladies,  in  reference  to  all 
Uie  inititutioni  sacred  to  Charity;  and  this  must  atone,  as  far 
u  it  may,  fur  th^ir  absence  from  Elections. 

Wo  are  inclined  to  lead  Captain  Hall  to  the  condemnation  of 
his  querilous  temper,  as  to  the  complacency  with  which  th6 
Americans  spoke  of  their  institutions,  and  their  public  works: 
we  might,  perhaps,  ask  him  to  account  for  the  parental  weakness 
which  lias  devoted  so  large  a  portion  of  these  volumes  to  a  lit- 
tle personage,  who,  however  dear  to  himself,  cannot  be  deemed 
very  interesting  to  the  reader.  What  right  has  he  to  eke  out 
e  two-guioee  boiak,  oo  America,  by  giving  us  not  only  the  most 
frivolous  details  about  his  own  person — his  eating  and  drinking, 
and  sleepinsand  «  snoozing,"  and  shaving — but  by  an  abstract 
of  the  Mmuy  debate,  as  to  whether  he  should  take  hin  infant 
child  with  him  across  the  Atlantic,  and  by  introducing  long 
passages,  of  which  the  following  are  specimens: — *'  Aj  I  was 
desirous  that  my  child  should  have  it  to  say,  in  future  years, 
that  she  had  seen  this  remarkable  star,  I  was  tempted  to  carry 
her  out  to  the  verandah  on  purpose  to  show  it  to  lier.  It  was 
so  low  down,  howeyer,  that  for  some  time  I  could  not  fix  her 
attention  on  the  spot  At  last  she  caught  a  glimpse  of  it,  flash- 
ing away  between  the  tops  of  the  trees,  eod  turning  to  me,  ex- 
claimed, '  Moon!  Moonr"  Again,  "  The  child,  who  had  ac- 
companied us  all  the  morning,  though  unconscious  of  the  cause,, 
likewise  felt  the  genial  influence  of  the  hour,  and  amused  her- 
self St  our  feet,  while  we  were  seated  on  the  grass,  by  trying 
t»  imitate  the  eound*  made  by  a  pig  which  had  thrust  him- 
self mott  unpoetieally  into  the  foreground  of  the  picture,  snd 
there  busied  himself,  much  to  the  ir^fant'a  amusement,  in 
making  a  line  of  circumvallation  round  the  party,  toith  hie 
tnout!'*  "  Our  oonfideace  in  the  measure  alluded  to,  was  much 
inereased  by  discovering  how  good  a  tsaveller  the  little  creature 
made,  though  only  fourteen  months  .d.  Of  this  we  had  an  amu- 
aing  proof,  00  /Ae  morning  t^fter  the  acene  with  the  pig.  At 
four  o'olock  we  were  all  roused  up  to  prepare  for  the  steam-boat 
which  panwd  at  five.  I  thought  it  a  pity  to  awake  her,  and 
therefore  mereiv  wrapped  her  up  in  my  boat-cloak,  in  which  she 
was  cerriedyWfy  half  a  mile  to  the  lauding  place.    There  the 

• 

iM  wiOk  surprise  on  witncsanf  petitions  from  fennska  during  the  bit  wnioiw 
tad  a  talk  wont "  kekiiw  into  precedent!,'' that  no  aUuHoq  fboiild  be  inada  to 
a  Doounient  M  apposite  tt  its  teriw,  and  BO  GlMncteriMk  of  tiie  ttaMS  in  wi^ 
Hmspieteiiied.  '' 


? 


i' 


\ 


M 


'•-.yjjyy.**^' 


•npir 


IB 

ymtnir  ai/iifn  tut'fr  wu  lild  nn  thf  tabU  q/'tt  ivarthoutt,  in  the 
'itiidflt  of  IkIU  ringing,  doori  banging,  and  alt  kifuh  «/mMtc» 
tilt  tho  •te«m-bo»t  herr  V  v„Kt  AViV/  «Ae  «/«?p/  o<i,  through 
all  the  cUtter  of  *  o  pmtengen  an*/  ;'a<W/«  wktuit,  tnd  n«wr 
•tirred  or  c^rurcf  her  eyes  till  w«  had  left  tho  prolty  town  of 
Hudfon  tnany  milet  Mttrn. "  We  are  farther  let  into  tiw  fact, 
that  the  little  girl  ran  about  on  board  the  cwnal  boat,  "at  tho 
ond  of  a  ehawl,  by  which  rfio  waa  tethered  for  better  Miourity 
againat  turnltling  overboard." 

It  ia  added,  in  iUuiitration  of  the  atate  of  things  in  the  United 
Htat«,  "  During  ill  the  morning  ah«  had  been  drni^K'ng  the 

Kaaengera  about  the  decka  of  the  ateani-boat,  opening  etery 
X  and  door  that  slie  could  get  at,  till  she  fairly  «hoppwl 
vsleep,  at  full  length,  in  tho  middle  of  tho  deck."  Having, 
«'  let  a  good  meal  slip  by  ua,"  the  conaequence  wraa,  t^iat  the 
child  waa  •'  whining  from  time  to  time,  from  «Aeer  huog«r." 
Then  we  have  two  pagea  to  the  aamo  purport,  at  tlve  end  of 
which,  "little  Misa,'^i«  found  "gobbling  up"  iK*me  new  milk. 
On  another  occasion,  **  I  am  not  ture  that  I  ever  looked  upon 
her  little  countenance  with  ao  much  aatiafaetion,  aa  I  did  at  thai 
moment." 

AH  this,  too,  ocGun  in  a  book  which  omtta  what  would  re- 
ally, be  of  interest,  and  with  regard  to  which  CapUln  Hall  had 
Tery  good  opportunities  of  informing  himself.  Thus  he  tra- 
rersed  the  whole  of  the  Southern  Hlatm,  and  wo  looked,  with 
aome  eanrneaa,  for  information,  aa  to  the  actual  influenee  of 
tho  Tariff  on  that  quarter.  Did  the  feeling  of  repugnanee  leem ' 
so  strong  aa  to  threaten  a  convulsion,  ahould  the  meaaure  be 
persiated  in,  without  modification?  How  far  has  it  aflbcted 
the  Liverpool  connexion?  Does  the  proapeet  of  a  safe  domes- 
tic market  begin  to  reconcile  th.  people  to  it?  Do  they  get 
from  the  Eastern  manufactories,  an  arUde  aa  good  and  aa  cheap 
as  the  imported  one?  How  much  of  their  Cotton  is  couaumed 
at  those  eaUWiahmenta,  and  what  are  th«  comparaUve  advan- 
tages of  the  two  markeU?  What  do  they  say  aa  to  Uie  oppiea- 
sive  duty,  of  this  country,  on  Tobaeeo?  Do  they  oonfirqi  the 
British  Ambassador's  declaration  to  his  €k>Ternment,  that  th^ 
Tariff  BUI  never  would  have  passed  but  for  the  preaaure  of  that 
British  Com  Lawa  on  tho  great  staples  of  Pennsylvania?  (Seft 
Parliamentary  Documents.)  He  ia  totall^jr  silent  on  theae 
points,  and  yet  has  leiaare  to  tell  ua,  that  hii  ehild  mistook  a 
atar  for  the  moon,  and  that  he  himaelf  was  guilty  of  a  very  dif- 
ferent blunder  at  Niagara,  for,  whilat  evideotlf  only  noon- 
struck,  hiB  fancied  himaelf,  "traveraing  the  Heeven»,  in  com- 
pany  witii  Sir  Isaac  Newton,  and  that  the  sage  4ras  jurt  goin§ 
to  tell  me  tlwut  the  distance  of  the  figtd  ataraP*  (vol.  i  p.  353.> 
TheM  Btan^  perhapa,  are  more  in  fault  than  he;  otherwiae,  we 
might  eoffiij^n  of  a  hundred  other  omianona:  amongst  the  rest, 
his  total  suence  as  to  most  important  public  works. 


11 


m»t,  in  the 
Hfmusie, 
ri,  through 
•nd  never 
ty  town  of 
ito  the  r*ct, 
it,  "at  thtt 
sr  (Miourity 

the  United 

niiiK  etftry 
iy  (Iropptd 
Having, 
I,  that  tbo 
r  hunger.*' 
tho  end  of 
)  n«w  milk, 
oked  upon 
[  did  at  that 

;  would  n- 
in  Hall  had 
'hua  he  tra- 
uked,  with 
nfluenee  of 
nanoeieem' 
meMure  be 
it  aflbcted 
lafe  domes- 
Jo  they  get 
nd  as  cheap 
t  consumed 
Uve  advan- 
t]ieoppL«»- 
confirip  tho 
It,  that  tho 
laure  of  tho 
rania?  (See 
t  on  theie 
I  miatook  a 
r  a  Tery  dif- 
B  »Jy  noon- 
n%  kit  eom- 
ijuitgoing 
1.  i  p.363.> 
lermaei  we 
pt  the  rest, 


If  we  were  to  Uke  Cartem  Iloli  to  taak,  in  a  >iarah  temper, 
for  having  thua  fiilod  up  hia  book  with  mattcra  which  can  only 
intervat  hiniself,  h«  woui<l  probably  with  to  raply  in  the  Un- 
guage  of  one  of  the  moat  dt^liKlitUil  of  living  writera: — "To 
ptreoos  of  a  eold  and  reaerved  temper,  he  aometimtm  appeared 
rather  too  inuoh  of  an  egotitt,  for  hu  talked  with  Auiirit  enthu- 
•iaaiu  of  the  exeelleitt  qu^ililiea  and  beauliva  of  whatever  hu 
loved,  whether  It  were  kis  dog,  hia  hone,  or  hia  country;  but 
thia  wan  not  the  ogotium  of  vanity — it  waa  the  overflowing  ot 
an  alTectiodate  htnarl,  noafident  of  obtaining  ayrnpathy  from  hia 
feilow  nreaturea,  bocauaw  cunaciuuti  uf  feeling  it  for  all  that  ex- 
isted.'* lie  would  declare,  tliat  he  livcil.  aa  it  were,  ungxiard- 
odly  amongat  the/w  peupli%  and,  feeling  almost  domesticated, 
forgot  tho  technica  rules  of  politeneas.  "In  ^neral  tocUty, 
alao,  ao  much  alt«niion  waa  paid  to  oni  wants,  ,>tid  audi  a  rea- 
dy disposition  nianifested  to  give  information— to  say  nothing 
of  tlio  obtiffing  notice  taken  Ay  alt  parties  of  our  voung  tra- 
veller,  now  a  vesr  and  a  half  old — that  we  left  Albany  with 
ainoere  regret*'  Now  Albany  is  the  plaee  most  vehemently 
denounced  for  self-puffina,  and  this  "tormenting"  practice, 
proceeded  so  far,  «h.tt  "there  was  hardly  room  lift  for  us  to 
dip  ia  a  word  edgeways."  Suppose  these  good  |)<»oplo,  tho 
moireot  Captain  Hall  turned  his  back,  hod  begun  tu  reoolleot 
the  **  rulea  of  behaviour,"  which  he  declares  aro  not  yet  "  set- 
tled "  in  Amerioa,  and  ivhioh  seem,  by  mutual  consent,  to  have 
slumberad  during  this  free  and  unauspieious  intercourse.  All 
the  world  over,  be  aaya,  it  is  ill-mana(<r»  to  praise  your  own 
fiunily;  ytt  we  veoture  to  say,  that  C«()t«iu  Hall  told  these 
peophi  u\  about  **  what  a  good  traveller  tht  itle  creature  made,' ' 
of  the  attempt  to  imitate  the  pig,  and  of  that  other  "amuaing" 
ioeident,  "the  day  after  the  acene  with  the  pig."  It  is  laid 
down  in  the  Books,  to  be  very  vulgar  to  plague  people  with 
^  children—troublesome  brats — yet  all  parties  at  Albany, 
it  aueras,  had  a  tax  imposed  on  their  kindness  and  good  nature, 
which  was  ohoerfully  paid  because,  they  saw  that  the  parents 
were  ipratified.  And  yet  because,  in  this  sort  of  amiable  intcr- 
eoune,  tha  fMlinn  Sowed  out  on  the  other  side,  and  they  talk- 
ed of  the  Dursel^p  of  thtir  pride,  which  Captain  Hall  had 
come  aeross  the  Atlantic  to  visit — brought  them  into  the  par- 
lour, and  dandled  them  before  him — he  "  finds  from  his  notes," 
that  all  this  waa  very  disgusting. 

For  our  part,  we  oon&ss  that  the  passages  relating  to  tlte  lit- 
tle prl  are  by  far  Um  moat  pleii»inj[;  of  the  whole,  and  we  would 
giira  op  all  the  profound  disquisitions  rather  than  part  with  ono 
aaoedoto,  even  that  about  the  pi,^  We  catch,  here,  something 
of  IB  wniable  play  about  the  leatures  of  the  Book,  rdUeving  its 
hidt  ohedk-bonea,  and  vile,  aareastic,  Sneer,  and  pert,  conceit- 
edVoitt.    Bad  tatte  aa  it  may  be,  we  dearly  love  t«,lwar  good 


Hittl-t- 


iimk  I 


■•■,l*ter.. 


MMMlMiJkl 


Mri.  Frimro«e  **  prtitinic  up"  hor  ilauKhtors,  tnd  trc  not  ''tor* 
tneoleti,"  even  when  iihc  (locUrca  tU»t  the  chits,  wall  m  th«y 
i'uotcd  it,  had  caught  alt  th«ir  boat  atepa  frum  herarlf. 

Hut  we  hava  been  coiicetling  the  truth  uf  the  charKr.  Whero 
ia  the  evidence  of  it,  ur  what,  in  fact,  ia  dhlinclty  meant  by 
it?  lie  dvclarea  they  bapraiaed  their  inatitutiona  and  their  ca* 
lial.  Now  w(>  prt'sumc,  that  when  a  atrangcr  cornea  into  a 
country  to  examine  what  is  peculiar  u>  il — and  aaka,  an  expla* 
nation  of  the  circumatancea  in  which  it  diflera  from  what  he 
iinda  claewhere— an  rflfort  will  \va  made  to  nM  forth  the  r^aitonfl 
to  the  best  odvttiiljige.  We  conaidcr  every  thing  (o  be  for  the 
beat;  otherwise  we  would  make  u  change.  The  very  statement 
of  these  supposed  ttdvantagcs  necessarily  involves  a  high  degroo 
of  praise,  and,  of  courac,  expoaea  the  informant  to  the  sneera 
of  a  peraon  like  (Captain  llall,  who  aays,  "very  often,  when 
iifkin)^  for  information,  I  have  detected  that  my  wish  waa  rather 
to  prove  my  tmrinai  and  prejudiced  conoeptiona  ri|^ht,  than 
to  discover  thai  I  had  previously  done  the  peoplt^  injuatice." 
It  is  curious  to  note  how  Coptain  Hall  manages  thia  matter  on 
hia  own  part  At  the  close  of  his  work,  he  introduces  a  dta^ 
logiic  between  himself,  and  an  American,  in  which,  to  be  aura, 
ho  draws  such  a  picture  of  the  English  Government,  that  we 
only  wonder  hia  vanquished  antagonist  did  not  at  once  deter- 
mine to  quit  the  poor  Kepublic,  and,  according  to  the  forme  of 
knight-errantry  throw  himself  at  the  feet  of  the  victor's  dulci- 
nca.  If  it  be  in  the  power  of  rxnggeration  to  do  more,  wc  think 
the  materials  can  be  drawn  only  Xtom  Captain  HaH'a  apparently 
inexhaustible  atores.  The  poor  American  in  this  '*eharaoter- 
iatic"  colloquy  does  not  venture  to  say  a  word  in  favour  of  his 
own  country,  but  confines  himself  to  a  foeblc  assault  which  is 
readily  pnrricd  with  the  aid  of  a  stern  countenance,  and  a  loud, 
authoritative,  voice.  We  may  remark,  by  the  way,  that  th\^ 
anonymous  American  the  Captain  took  into  hia  service  at  a  ve- 
ry early  period,  and  carried  all  over  the  country  vrilh  him, 
and  the  poor  devil  never  once  gets  the  better  in  any  of  their 
various  discussions.  He  seems,  in  truth,  to  have  been  a  sim- 
ple, easy,  soul,  with  no  great  stock  of  brains,  and  marvellously 
in  owe  of  the  Captoin,  oftentimes  appearing  quite  afraid  to  speak 
up,  or  even  to  say  his  soul's  his  own.  In  this  closing  exhibi- 
tion, he  plays  the  part  of  a  good-natured  spectator  at  a  show- 
naming  the  cards,  and  if  he  say  one  of  them's  black — lo  --prea- 
to — the  Captain  breathes  on  it — its  a  white  ace!  At  parting  ho 
gets  a  good  character  for  honesty  and  civility,  and  may  be  safe- 
ly recommended  to  any  future  tourist  of  Captain  Hall's  tempe- 
rament, particularly  if  travelling  with  children. 

It  seems,  farther,  from  the  Captain's  account,  that  the  Al- 
bany people  made  much  of  their  Canal;  telling  him,  doubt- 
less,—4n  reply  to  bis  inquirief,— what  it  had  cost,  what  dift« 


pfl  not  •*  tor- 
vall  M  th«y 
If. 

■%r.  Where 
y  meant  by 
mi  their  c«- 
imcii  into  • 
H,  an  cxpl«< 
im  what  h« 
the  r«aM)na 
a  bfl  for  the 
y  Rtatemcnt 
high  (iexrco 
3  the  aneera 
iftcn,  when 
'i  waa  rather 
right,  than 
injuatice." 
I  matter  on 
uoca  a  Ui«> 
,  to  be  aura, 
nt,  that  we 
once  dctcr- 
he  forme  of 
jtor's  dulei- 
■e,  wc  think 
I  apparently 
"eharaoter- 
ivour  of  hia 
It  which  ia 
and  a  loud, 
[y,  that  th\^ 
Mcc  at  a  ve- 
'  with  him, 
iny  of  their 
been  a  aim- 
larvellously 
aid  to  speak 
ling  (>xhibi« 
it  a  ahow — 
— lo — prea- 
t  parting  ho 
nay  be  safe" 
all's  tempe- 

hat  the  AI< 

urn,  doubt> 

what  dift« 


» 


7f 

vuhiea  they  ha*!  to  atnixf(1n  with,  what  rercntip  it  yieldr«l  to  the 
Htato,  and  paying  a  dca«rvi«l  tribute  to  the  itluatrtoua  citizau 
whoM  fane  ia  identified  with  ita  aiicceaa. 

Hut  the  f'anadiaijii,  do  nut  buuat  of  Iheir  Cnnala.  For  thla 
WQ  have  already  rurniahf^d,  it  ia  pre«umi'd,  a  aulicicnt  rnaimn. 
Thtir  cufl  waa,  in  the  language  or  Captain  HpU  a  Inah  friend, 
CornelluN,  rather  to  "  undtiratato"  mnttpra.  Tha«  they  put  on 
n  begging  nir,  and  aaked,  that  a  good  word  miKhl  bo  apaken 
for  ihem  at  home,  may  bo  inferred  from  varioua^K<.'4ug(*«.  Thun 
(vol.  i.  p.  !:35,)  "The  Hideau  (>anal.  r;iM.if/,  «•  wu  rt>gaid  our 
national  honour,  on  no  account  bo  abandoned,  cr.t/  what  it 
incy,"  And  again,  "Our  prcacnt  duty  ia  n.ojt  clear,  and 
though  ita  «>xecution  be  jomewhat  cmtljjf,  ita  imperative  cha- 
racter ia  not  alterud  on  that  account."  Speaking  of  "a  pro* 
jncted  fortreaa  at  the  Short  llilla,"  hu  aaya,  (vol.  i.  p.  iiO,) 
**  I  conceive  that  thia  furtiflcntion,  and  oaci  or  two  dtliorH,  ought 
to  be  erected  forthwith,  to  ahow  the  Canadiana  a«  well  as  their 
ntighboura,  that  wo  are  irt  earneat,  &c."  Ho  holda  it  out  in 
terrorem  to  the  Canadiana,  that  *'  were  they  to  bt>come  mom- . 
bera  of  the  American  Confederacy,"  then,  "every  improvo- 
mnnt  made,  would  be  at  the  expenao  of  direct  taxation,  from 
which  they  are  now  exempt"  That  Captain  Hall  should  dcom 
tiiia  a  very  powerful  argument  is  natural  from  what  ho  saw  of 
their  indiAuoaition  to  put  their  own  abouldora  to  thn  wheel. 
**  We  left  Quebec  at  half  paat  nine  in  the  morning  of  the  ilSth 
August,  and  after  an  hour  and  a  half's  drive,  came  to  the  river 
Montmorency,  over  which  there  had  boen  n  Vjridgo  that,  about 
ais  weeka  h^ore,  had  tumbled  down,  a<nf|,  what  was  absurd 
enough,  there  seemed  every  probability  of  its  remaining  down 
•ii  weeks  longer,  though  an  active  carprnter  with  some  twen- 
ty labourers,  might  easily  have  put  it  up  again,  and  made  it 
paasable  for  carnages  in  two  days.  I  never  saw  any  country 
where  these  sort  of  thinga  appeared  to  move  so  slowly  as  in 
Canada."  It  may  \m  recollected,  that  a  few  hours  after  leaving 
the  Capital  of  the  other  Province,  they  were  brought  into  im- 
minent peril  in  attampting  to  uross  a  river,  <*  whore  a  bridge 
had  once  stdod,  but  stood  no  longer." 

Ft  sccma,  however,  that  for  what  the  Canadians  really  con- 
aid';;''  their  own,  they  are  very  much  disposed  to  cxast  admi- 
ration. They  do  not,  for  example,  fear  that  an  Englishman 
trill  say,  according  to  Mr.  Canning's  well  known  story, 
''tJiat's,  my  thunder."  They  almist  plagued  him  to  death 
about  their  cascades,  and  carried  their  impertinence  so  far,  as 
even  to  think  that  ho  would,  to  please  them,  break  in  on  his 
''morning  nap,"  (vol.  i.  p.  399,)  which  he  seems  to  consider 
the  summum  bonum.  "  We  lay  snoozing  very  snugly,"  (ib. 
p.  398,)  ia  his  beau  ideal  of  happiness,  ^^ven  in  the  month  of 
Augtut.     Besides,  he  has  no  good  of  his  victuals  when  hurried ; 


!■ 


( 


JUL. 


d 


80 


rt.'«t 


nnd  breaks  out  thus,  on  these  importunate  people,  (p.  309-400.) 
«  Were  we  to  snatch  hasty  cohl  meals,  or  scald  our  throats  with 
boiling  tea,  instead  of  doii.g  such  business  at  leisure,  merely 
because  a  waterfall  was  to  be  seen?'*  «*  But  to  travel  in  this 
leisurely  style,  you  must  keep  yourselves  io  yourselves,  and 
shun  18  you  would  that  of  an  evil  spirit  the  assistance  of  guides, 
chaperons,  or  companions;  and,  above  all,  that  of  well  in- 
formed  friends.  Had  we  been  accompanied,  for  example,  on 
our  excursion  to  St.  Anne's,  by  any  of  the  very  nlcasant  and 
obliging  people  ot  Quebec,  to  whom  every  foot  of  the  ground 
is  well  known.,  what  a  fuss  they  would  have  been  in,  on  find- 
ing their  victim  was  only  beginning  to  think  of  shaving  two 
liours  after  he  ought,  by  their  reckoning,  to  have  been  under 
all  sail  on  the  mountain*s  side,"  &c.  He  at  length  comes  to 
start  at  the  bare  mention  of  a  Lion  in  the  path;  yet  these  mer- 
ciless people  let  on  hiifh  the  little  ones  and  all.  Thus,  (p.  401,) 
*•  Kettle  Falls,  so  called,  I  believe,  in  consequence  of  a  num- 
ber of  holes  worn  by  the  stream  in  the  surface  of  the  rocks, 
into  the  shape  of  pots  and  pans.  Be  this  as  it  may,  the  river 
happened  to  be  so  low,  that  there  was  nothing  in  the  way  of 
cascade,  to  be  seen;  and  upon  the  whole,  we  felt  a  malicious 
satisfaction  at  the  circumstance,  for  we  were  beginning  to 
get  rather  tired  of  waterfalls.  Independently  of  which,  it  »s 
sometimes  quite  a  relief  to  be  spared  the  pain  of  inexpreifli- 
ble  admiration  "  Most  amiable  gentleman^like  feeling  truly ! 
A  "malicious satisfaction"  that  kind  people,  v/ho left  their «n- 
plpyments,  and  endeavoured  to  render  his  journey  agreeable, 
shouM  be  mortified  at  finding  that  accidental  cirsumstaoces 
prevent  their  previous  representations  with  regard  to  scenery 
from  being  verified !  We  look  back  with  something  of  pu3«le 
at  Captain  Hall's  assertion,  (n.  212,)  that  the  Canadians  "  with- 
out insisting  upon  having  things  viewed  couleur  de  rose,  are 
content  to  believe  that  strangers  passing  through  their  country, 
will  take  a  fair  view  of  things."  It  occurs,  about  the  period 
of  his  rencontre  with  that  Cavalier,  who  had  disencumbered 
himself  of  his  "  nether  garments,"  to  move  more  comfortablv 
Uiroueh  the  mud.  Yet  though  the  portly  horseman,  who  a^ 
lerwards  became  Captain  Hall's  «  fat  friend,"  is  very  candid 
as  to  the  state  of  the  roads,  he  still  exhibita  rather  a  boa8tfu|| 
temper  in  his  way.  *  The  truth  is,  added  he,  chuckhng  at  km 
oion  prowess,  I  had  some  considerable  distance  to  ride  through  | 
a  place  where  it  was  so  deep,  that  the  water  came  far  above  my  v 
knees,'  and  a5ain,  *0h,  cried  he,  guessing  our  thoughts,  and  ^ 
smacking  Ms  thigh  ivith  his  hand,  I  was  obliged  to  take  off 
these  arUcles  (naming  them,)  and  by  hanging  them  over  my 
shoulders,  I  did  very  well  as  you  perceive.'  The  seeming 
contradiction  is  to  be  reconciled  by  noting,  that  m  one  place, 
his  object  is  to  throw  out  a  silly  sarcasm  at  the  United  SUtei^ 


}.  309-400.) 
throatA  with 
uro,  merely 
ravel  in  this 
rselvcs,  and 
:e  of  guides, 
of  well  tn- 
example,  on 
pleasant  and 
the  ground 
in,  on  find- 
having  two  , 
been  under 
th  cornea  to 
t  these  mer- 
18,  (p.  401,) 
:e  of  a  num- 
f  the  rocki^ 
ly,  the  river 
I  the  way  of 
z  malicious 
neginning  to 
which,  it  is 
'  inexpretsi- 
seling  truly! 
eft  their  em- 
y  agreeable, 
rtsunistances 
1  to  scenery 
ng  of  pusffle 
ian8"with- 
de  rose,  arc 
leir  country, 
t  the  period 
lencumbered 
comfortably 
lan,  who  af« 
very  candid 
sr  a  boastful 
klingat  his  ■ 
ride  through 
*ar  above  my 
loughts,  and 
1  to  take  off 
im  over  my 
'he  seeming 
n  one  place, 
lited  States^ 


.  afl'jf."    '  » 


81 

hy  a  compliment  to  the  Canadians,  whilst  in  the  other,  ho  yields, 
ungunrdedly,  to  the  promptings  of  natural  temper. 

Now  and  then,  the  Captain  runs  to  an  extreme  of  impartia- 

It'y,  offering  opinions  in  direct  and  palpable  contradiction  of 

e.  ch  other,  and  leaving  us  at  liberty  to  make  up  our  minds  quite 

\        untrammelled  by  his  authority.     Thus,  at  p.  124,  of  the  first 

X       volume,  he  adverts  to  the  want  of  rapture  on  the  part  of  Ame- 

\ricana  towards  the  scenery  of  the  Hudson.     "  Neither  is  this 
*      to  be  explained  by  supposin,^  them  to  have  become  too  well  ac- 
^     quainted  with  the  objects  in  question;  for  I  think  it  happens, 
generally,  that  when  there  is  a  real,  and  not  an  imaginary  per- 
;    ception  of  the  beauties  of  nature,  the  pleasure  arising  from  their 
'    contemplation  goes  on  increasing,  and  habit,  so  far  from  ren- 
''!■■  dering  such  scenes  too  familiar  to  be  interesting,  only  contri- 
butes to  unfold  new  points  for  admiration."    At  p.  253  of  the 
same  volume,  he  says,  *<  It  may,  perhaps,  sound  heterodox,  but 
vl  know  fcwthings  more  fatiguing, ybr  a  continuance^  than  fine 
«cenery;  and  I  suspect  most  people,  after  passing  three  or  four 
i/oeeksin  Switzerland,  would  say  they  were  right  glad  to  escape 
into  Italy,  or  even  into  France."     One  or  the  other  of  these 
aassages  must,  of  course,  be  erased,  after  the  author  shall  havo 
fully  made  up  his  mind,  and,  doubtless,  he  will  retain  the  sar- 
ciism  against  the  people  of  tlie  United  States.     It  will  not  fail 
to  occur  to  the  reader  that  here  is  one  of  the  most  striking  in- 
stilinces  of  the  silly,  thoughtless,  frivolity  of  the  tourist     He 
hlui  professod  to  describe  the  feeling:  of  Americans  towards 
scttnery,  and  towards  England;  and  nis  mode  of  treating  one 
ntty  illustrate  his  candour  and  powers  of  philosophical  obser- 
v^ion  with  regard  to  the  other.    He  decides  that  the  Americans 
ail6  insensible  to  the  beauties  of  Nature,  because  he  witnessed 
*  1^  overt  act  of  Rapture  at  scenes  with  which  they  had  been 

J (uversant  from  childhood.  And  yet  this  intensity  of  enjoy- 
ent  which  should  <<  go  on  increasing"  with  familiarity,  isdc- 
ared,  a  little  farther  on,  to  pall  after  three  weeks!  We  feel 
yery  sure  that  Nature  will  not  be  deceived  by  such  a  witness 
«s  Captain  Hall;  and  it  is  hoped  that  England  will  not 
■  Another  of  his  inexplicable  jumbles.  On  the  Hxidson  River 
he  forbears  to  say  any  thing  about  the  scenery,  because  it  "  has 
4  been  so  ably  and  so  faithfully  described"  by  a  '*  classical" 
■f  American  author.  On  the  way  from  New  Orleans,  he  is  oc- 
g  copied  on  a  "  spirited"  American  work.  He  expresses  signal 
gratification  that  the  works  of  a  lady  of  Massachusetts  had  been 
republished  in  England.  On  Mr.  Cooper's  novels  he  passes  the 
higlieat  eulogiam.  An  American  work,  written  <*  in  a  very 
masterly  style,"  hr  apprises  his  readers,  is  to  be  «  procured 
from  Mr.  Miller,  Amefic&n  book-seiler.  Pall  Mall,  London." 
He  quotts  passages  from  rarious  "  learned,"  **  eloquent" 
*'  abl^"  American  writers.  At  Philadelphia  a  gentleman  »' 
i^sfieff*him  that  he  has  committed  an  important  philological 

n 


It 


tsiwm 


lalttit 


'^i:S9&^ 


J 


1"W!" 


H2 


^H 


blunder  iu  his  book  on  Loo  Choo,  and  he  is  so  anxious  to  repair, 
as  far  as  possible,  the  mischief,  that  he  got  the  gentleman  to 
draw  ap  a  paper  on  the  subject,  which  he  caused  to  lie  published 
in  London,  and  tells  us  where  it  is  to  be  procured.  At  New 
Haven,  he  says,  "  I  was  at  first  surprised  when  Mr.  Webster 
assured  me  there  were  not  fifty  words  in  all  which  were  used 
in  America,  and  not  in  England;  but  I  have  certainly  not  been 
able  to  collect  nearly  that  number.  He  told  me,  too,  what  I  did 
not  quite  agree  to  at  tlic  time,  but  which  subsequent  inquiry 
has  confirmed  as  far  as  it  has  gone,  that  with  very  few  excep- 
tions, all  these  apparent  novelties  are  merely  old  English  words 
brought  over  by  the  early  settlers."  He  finds,  every  where, 
*'  pleasant  agreeable"  people,  and  his  chance  fellow  passengers 
in  the  stage,  prove  ''very  intelligent  persons,  who  gave  us 
much  information  that  was  quite  new."  Now  it  does  not  ap- 
pear that  Captain  Hall  travelled  with  an  Interpreter,  or  that  he 
read  tlie  volumes  referred  to  in  a  translation.  Yet  at  one  of 
those  moments  when  he  saw  ihia^a  **  through  a  bilious  medi- 
um," he  makes  the  following  unqualified  assertion, ''  In  all  my 
Travels,  both  amongst  Heathens  (Loo  Choo,  &c.,)  and  amongst 
Christians,  I  have  never  encountered  any  people  by  whom  I 
found  linearly  so  difficult  to  make  myself  understood  as  by 
the  Americans."  And  to  the  utter  dismay,  doubtleiw,  of  "  Mr. 
Miller,  American  bookseller,  Pall  Mall,  London,"  no  sooner 
has  he  given  that  gentleman's  address,  and  recommended,  ap- 
parently, his  readers  to  go  there  »nd  purchase  a  certain  Ame- 
rican work,  written  "  in  a  very  masterly  style,"  than  he  turns 
round  and  speaks  of  the  "  very  foolish  sort  of  wisdom"  which 
would  be  manifested  in  ''extending  our  acquaintance  with  thfir 
literature  and  history  beyond  its  present  confined  limit*!"    I 

At  Boston,  Captain  Hall  visited  the  High  School  for  hoy», 
and  two  of  ^e  scholars  ("  who  took  us  for  their  own  counti^ 
people")  being  called  out  to  speak,  happened,  unluckily,  to  hit 
upon  some  specimens  of  oratory  not  exactly  suited  to  such  an 
audience.  From  the  description  given  of  these  speechies,  the 
adoption  of  which  "as  models"  he  deprecates,  we  suppose 
them  to  have  been,  the  one  that  of  Col.  Barre,  and  the  other. 
Lord  Chatham's.  The  phrases  quoted,  "  Gratitude!  Gratitude 
to  England,"  &c.,  are  Col.  Barre's,  with  an  addition,  we  sus- 
pect, irom  Captain  Hall.  Tiie  American  gentismeo  who  ac- 
companied him  were  "  disconcerted"  at  the  circumstance.  The 
Captain  manifested  hia  usual  good  breeding  by  loud  and  sarcas- 
tic meniment  ""  We  were  amused  to  the  top  of  our  bent,  and 
the  young  orators  aeeing  us  take  more  than  common  interssf 
in  their  declamations,  elevated  their  voin<?s,"  &c.  Strange 
that  Captain  Hall  cannot  see  the  wretchedly  vulgar  taste  of  all 
this!  If,  as  we  are  inclined  to  suppose,  the  speech  which  he 
heard  was  that  of  Lord  Chatham,  usually^  associated  with 
Barre 'sy  we  caa  readily  understand  that  it  might  act  have  been 


I 


"••■''  ''jmiM-^j^i-t^^ 


iliSi. 


83 


I  to  repair, 
itleman  to 
■■  publithed 
At  New 
.  Webster 
wore  used 
y  not  been 
what  I  did 
[jt  inquiry 
lew  excep- 
jish  words 
ry  where, 
passengers 

0  gave  us 
les  not  ap- 

or  that  he 
:  at  one  of 
ious  medi- 
'  In  all  my 
td  amongst 
ly  whom  I 
ood  as  by 
1,  of  «  Mr. 
no  sooner 
ended,  ap< 
■tain  Ame- 
m  he  turns 
>m"  which 
!  with  their 
nfiit»!"    i 

1  for  boy's, 
vn  counti^ 
kily,  to  hit 
to  such  an 
Heches,  the 
re  suppose 

the  other, 
!  Gratitude 
D,  we  8US> 
!D  who  ac- 
tance.  The 
and  sarcas- 
r  bent,  and 
>n  interssf 
Strange 
taste  of  all 
[  which  he 
iated  v^ith 

have  been 


• 


i 


very  acceptable  to  him.  The  following  is  an  extract : — "These 
Colonists  arc  aow,  my  Lords,  called  rebels;  they  are  stigma- 
tized with  every  base  and  abusive  epithet  in  the  English  lan- 
guage. Vet,  my  Lords,  /  remember  when  this  country  was 
waging  war  with  the  united  powers  of  Franco  and  Spain;  when 
there  was  a  rebellion,  a  Scotch  rebellion,  within  this  land;  / 
remember  when  our  fleets  were  useless — our  armies  unsuccess- 
ful— that  these  men,  now  described  as  the  blackest  and  basest 
of  all  rebels,  nay  more,  that  very  Colony  which  has  been  re- 
presented as  the  hot-bed  of  sedition  and  treason — that  colony 
against  which  the  keenest  lightnings  of  government  are  de- 
nounced and  directed;  I  rem*.  r,  I  say,  my  Lords,  this  very 
Colony,  sending  forth  four  reg..nents  of  undisciplined  militia, 
vf\i\ii\i  gave  the  first  check  to  France  in  her  proud  career, 
and  erected  the  standard  of  conquest  on  the  walls  of  Louis- 
bourgh.  But,  my  Lords,  we  need  not  point  out  particular 
facts  in  proof  of  the  bravery,  the  zeal,  the  duty  and  affection 
of  the  people;  the  annals  of  the  last  war  (that  which  ended  in 
1763,)  will  tell  such  of  your  Lordships  as  are  not  old  enough 
to  remember,  how  they  fought,  and  how  they  bled;  they  ^yiU 
tell  you  how  generously  they  contributed,  how  like  loving 
brothers  they  shared  the  common  burden  and  the  common  dan- 
ger. Your  system,  my  Bords,  has  been  erected  on  the  ruins 
of  the  Constitution,  and  founded  in  conquest,  and  you  have 
swept  all  Germany  of  its  refuse  as  its  means.  There  is  not  a 
petty,  insignificant,  prince,  whom  you  have  not  solicited  for 
aid."    (Gentleman's  Magazine  for  1777,  p.  251-2.) 

Our  tourist  cannot  seriously  think  that  an  American  school- 
master is  bound  to  prohibit  the  use  of  Lord  Chatham's  speeches. 
True,  Captain  Hall  has  a  peculiar  theory  of  his  own  on  the  sub- 
ject of  public  speaking,  and  insists  on  a  sort  of  quiet,  snug,  col- 
loquial manner,  little  suited  to  the  vehement  and  masculine 
spirit  of  the  great  orator,  or  indeed  of  Fox,  Burke,  or  Canning. 
He  cannot  abide,  he  says,  that  "loud  oratorical  tone  which  is 
the  bane  of  good  debating."  With  regard  to  Col.  Barre,  if 
Junius  did  not  disdain  to  borrow  a  sarcasm  from  him,  surely 
tee  may  be  permitted  to  refer  to  one  who  was  the  most  strenu- 
ous asserter  of  the  great  constitutional  principle  on  which  the 
revolution  was  fought,  and  with  regard  to  which  both  coun- 
tries now  entertain  the  same  opinion.  That  our  admiration  of 
Lord  Chatham's  oratory  is  not  altogether  connected  with  his 
conduct  in  rderence  to  the  revolutionary  struggle  may  be  in- 
ferred from  the  circumstance  that  the  speech  on  the  difficulties 
with  Spain  is  equally  well  known,  and  as  great  a  favourite  in 
our  schools.  We  remember  to  have  recited  it  with  due  em- 
phasis and  discretion,  from  "Select  Speeches,  Forensic  and 
Parliamentary,"  which  is  the  standard  American  collect  ,)n, 
and  in  the  following  passage  we  find  that  our  memory  corres- 
ponds exactly  with  the  report  in  the  Gentleman's  Magazine, 
for  the  year  1770,  (p.  571 , ) 


'J 


;      ? 


11 


-| 


I 


'1tn-mx 


faiirt)ii<tfyrf''iiW)tiui«*!.n'i„ifeigltnjtoJi8JWt?..'»Mi 


:M 


84 


-J- 


"  My  Lords,  the  English  are  a  candid,  an  ingenuous  ped* 
pie:  the  Spaniards  are  as  mean  and  crafty  as  they  are  proud  and 
insolent.  The  integrity  of  the  English  merchant,  the  gene- 
rous spirit  of  our  naval  and  miliUiry  oiiiccrs  would  be  degraded 
by  a  comparison  with  their  merchants  or  officers.  With  Ihcir 
ministers  I  have  often  been  obliged  to  negotiate,  and  after  long 
experience  of  their  want  of  candour  and  good  faith,  I  found 
myself  compelled,"  &c. 

The  Quarterly  Bi  view  in  quoting  this  part  of  Captain  Hall's 
book,  expresses  infinite  horror,  that  such  a  temper  "could  be 
introduced  into  the  recitations  of  their  inflated  compositions, 
in  their  seminaries  for  education."  We  have  given  what  is 
.supposed  to  be  the  true  explanation,  though  the  tourist  has  so 
veiled  his  description  that  nothing  but  conjecture  can  be  ha- 
zarded. We  may  ask,  whilst  on  the  subiett,  for  an  explana' 
tion  of  a  circumstance  which  has  attracted  some  attention  in 
the  United  States.  In  the  Gentleman's  Magazine,  for  April, 
1815,  (p.  352,)  will  be  found  not  merely  the  adoption  of  a  mo- 
del, but  an  original  composition  prepared  for  the  most  distin- 
guished *< seminary  for  education,"  in  Great  Britain— that  of 
Westminster.  It  was  here,  that  Lord  Mansfield  was  educated, 
and  his  biographer  remarks,  **  His  Lordship  having  paid  eve- 
ry grateful  tribute  to  Wnstminster  Scfinol  in  his  life  time,  wncre 
he  received  his  education,  his  profcund  respect  for  alma  ma- 
ter dictated  the  direction  in  his  Will,  that  his  remains  should 
be  deposited  there."  The  composition  alluded  to  is  a  virulent 
attack  on  tlie  United  States;  and  the  purity  and  force  of  the 
Li: tin  show  it  to  be  no  school-boy  production.  It  is  thrown 
into  the  form  of  a  ^lissuasive  against  emigration  to  the  United 
States,  and,  of  course,  was  written  after  the  termination  of  the 
war.  The  following  are  specimens  of  its  vituperation.  It  is 
said,  tx>  be,  there,  accounted  a  goud  ioke  to  gouge,  to  scalp,  to 
bite  off  the  nose,  and  to  take  human  life. 

oculoe  cXDCklpere,  pollice  frontem 
Scalpere,  raium  cfmnem  monfacua  abripere 
Atque  nccare  honunem  jocus  est  iepiduMmua. 

To  lie,  Is  the  great  boast  of  an  Aiaerican  merchant. 

••  Mcntiri  est  mercatons  laus  surrnui." 

Of  the  Chief  Justice  of  the  United  States,  it  is  said, 

•<  OptiinuB  et  Judex  maxiouu  est  ntbuh." 

and  of  the  various  meanings  of  th«  word,  whether  "  rascal," 
"scoundrel,"  "hector,"  " cowerdly  buily,"  &c.,  the  reader 
is  prompted  to  select  the  most  odious.  Did  Captain  Hall  hear 
any  thing  of  this  sort  in  the  United  States?  It  is  not  designed, 
bo  it  observed,  to  cherish  a  geuerous  reeollectii^n  of  national 
prowess,  but  consists  of  mere  cold*blood«d  defamation.  The 
name  personage  has  filled  the  office  alluded  to  for  more  than  a 


&5 


(|uartcr  of  a  century,  and  Captain  Hall  ipeatts  of  ' '  thn  pre-emi- 
nent talents  and  high  character  of  the  present  venerable  Chief 
Justice  of  the  Supreme  Court  of  the  United  States."  May  not 
the  learned  authorities  of  this  Institutign  reflect,  with  pain,  how 
far  they  have  contributed,  to  foster  that  "unkindly  feeling," 
and  that,  **  animosity,"  whi<th,  we  are  told,  prevail  in  Great 
Britain  towards  America?  The  young  gentlemen  who  were 
tutored  to  utter  these  falsehoods  are  now  in  the  House  of  Lords 
or  the  House  of  Commons.  Can  the  shar'.e  of  Lord  Mansfield 
linger  with  complacency  round  a  scene  desecrated  by  the  sla!'>> 
dcr  of  one  whom  he  would  not  have  disdained  as  an  ussociato 
in  the  Sacred  Ministry  of  Justice? 

Captain  Hall  is  at  a  loss  to  understand  what  motives  he  can 
possibly  have  forgiving  an  unfavourable  account  of  the  United 
States.  Without  imputing  to  him  either  the  guilt,  or  the  stea- 
diness of  purpose,  implied  in  a  settled  determination  to  misre- 
present, we  can  readily  imagine  a  variety  of  considerations 
which  have,  perhaps  insensibly  to  himself,  given  a  tone  to  his 
book.  We  are  willing  to  believe  that  he  reached  the  threshold 
of  publication  irresolute.  A  confused  mass  of  materials  lay  be- 
fore him;  a  great  deal  prepared,  while  he  saw  every  thing- 
**  through  a  bilious  .nedium,"  <md  the  rest  in  a  mora  conrpla- 
cent  mood;  time  was  hastening  to  take  fVom  tlie  interest  and 
freshness  of  his  statements;  >  »«•- .^ion  must  be  made;  and  it 
was  essential  to  the  dignity  of  the  work  to  give  to  the  whole, 
some  prevailing  character,  30  that  even  grave  Statesmen  might 
not  disdain  to  draw  from  it  important  political  reflections. 
This  is  the  trying  crisis  when  anxious  thought  throng  upon 
a  weak,  and  a  vain,  man,  looking  ever  his  dis^.ordant  notes  and 
calculat'  2  the  chances  of  success;  and  it  is  to  this  period  that 
our  remarks  apply. 

A  manufacturer  of  bocks,  like  the  manufacturer  of  any  other 
article,  must  utudy  the  taste,  and  even  the  caprice,  of  the  mar- 
ket Those  "  china  plates,"  as  Captain  Hall  calls  them,  which 
he  saw  bearing  the  image  of  General  Washington,  came  from 
Enpland;  and  nothing,  certainly,  can  exceed  the  good  nature; 
with"';  '  theamiablepeopleatthe  Potteries  have  waived  their 
prej'  ic  V.  and  ministered  to  our  self-complacency,  particular- 
ly ir  ?t5\"  nee  to  the  naval  combats.  Now,  as  to  the  American 
mark':  .  Captain  Hall  ascertained  that  in  order  to  take  out  a  copy- 
right, he  miist  bo  a  resident  of  the  United  States,  and  this  not 
exactly  suiting  his  views,  he  declares,  that  he  writes  exclusive- 
ly for  his  own  countrymen.  What  then  did  he  believe  would 
be  the  most  acceptable  strain?  He  has  characterized  the  pre- 
valent temper  towards  America,  bj*^  the  eprthets  "  ill-will." 
'''animosity,"  «* unkindly  feelings."  It  wasj  therefore,  not 
likely  thdit  a  book  got  up  in  a  temper  utterly  rebuking  these 
sentiments  would  be  a  very  pppular,  or  a  very  saleable,  one. 


4 


iMu> 


**'9% 


as 


i 


I 


Captain  Hall  had  the  benefit  of  his  own  experience  to  guide  him. 
He  k-ie^v  how  much  more  gratifying  it  was  to  find  "  his  origi- 
nal tiid  prejudiced  conceptions  right,  than  to  discover  that  in« 
justice  had  previously  been  done  to  the  people. "  (vol.  i.  p. 
167.)  Preconceived  opmions  ate  not,  as  ho  justly  remarks,  to 
bo  "  got  rid  of  without  a  certain  degree  of  inconsistency  gene- 
rally jpai/^M/,  and  sometimes  ridiculous.^'  (ib.)  If  he  expe- 
rienced *hi.s  feeling  amids'.  the  kindness  and  hospitality  of  tlio 
country,  he  might  well  anticipate  its  existence  on  the  part  of 
those  who,  with  like  prejudices,  have  no  such  reason  for  thinking 
their  indulgence  ungracious  or  unkind.  It  is  undoubted,  that 
the  judgment  is  piqued  by  perpetual  contradiction  and  eiTorts  to 
set  us  right,  and,  besides,  more  labour  is  involved  in  the  pro- 
m^.i  than  one  chooses  to  expend  on  volumes  classed  with  the 
lighter  literature  of  the  day.  It.  is  another  advantage,  and  some- 
times an  important  otie,of  a  tone  of  assentation,  that  we  re- 
quire nothing  to  corroborate  what  falls  quietly  in  with  our 
own  previous  belief,  whilst  he  who  opposes  it  becomes  at 
once  the  adversary's  witness,  and  half  our  thoughtu  are  em- 
ployed in  preparing  a  cross-examination,  and  considering  how 
his  testimony  may  be  assailed. 

In  the  next  place,  it  is  evident  that  Captain  Hall,  if  not  him- 
self a  partisan,  has,  at  least,  been  habitually  in  association,  and 
tlie  warmest  sympathy,  with  the  party  described  in  the  follow- 
ing passage  of  the  Edi  .burgh  Review,  (Vol.  xxxiii.  page  3SS.) 
"It  is  a  iact  which  can  require  no  proof  even  in  America,  that 
there  is  a  party  in  this  country  not  friendly  to  political  liberty, 
and  decidedly  hostile  to  all  extension  of  popular  rights,  which, 
if  it  does  not  grudge  to  its  own  people  the  powers  and  privi- 
leges which  are  bestowed  on  them  by  the  Constitution,  is,  at 
least,  for  confining  their  exercise  within  the  narrowest  limits-— 
which  thinks  the  peace  and  well  being  of  society  in  no  danger 
from  any  thing  but  popular  encroachments,  and  holds  the  only- 
safe  or  desirable  government  to  be  that  of  a  pretty,  pure,  and 
unencumbered  monarchy,  supported  by  a  vast  revenue  and  a 
powerful  army,  and  obeyed  by  a  people  just  enlightened  enough 
to  be  orderly  and  industrious,  but  no  way  curious  as  to  ques- 
tions of  right,  and  never  presuming  to  judge  of  the  conduct  of 
their  superiors.  Now,  it  is  quite  true  that  this  party  dislikes 
America,  and  i.s  apt  enough  to  decry  and  insult  her.  Its  adhe- 
rents never  have  forgiven  the  success  of  her  War  of  Indepen- 
dence— the  loss  of  tt  nominal  sovereignty,  or  perhaps  of  a  real 
power  of  vexing  and  oppressing  her  supposed  rivalry  in  trade, 
and,  above  all,  the  happiness  and  tranquillity  which  she  enjoys 
under  a  republican  form  of  government  Such  a  spectacle  of 
democratical  prosperity  is  unspeakably  mortifying  to  their  prin- 
ciples, and  is  easily  imagined  to  be  dangerous  to  their  security. 
Their  first  wish,  and  for  a  time  their  darling  hope,  was  that  the 
infant  States  would  quarrel  among  themselves,  and  be  thankful 


'ifiiiMliHrii''  til 


l^tm 


\ 


HI 


guide  him. 
"  J)!S  origi- 
rer  that  in- 
(vol.  i.  p, 
rcmarkfl,  to 
ency  gene- 
i  he  cxpc- 
ility  of  the 
the  part  of 
or  thinking 
ubted,  that 
id  cflTortfl  to 
n  the  pro- 
d  with  the 
!,  and  somc- 
tliat  we  re- 
\  with  our 
becomes  at 
itfl  are  em- 
lering  how 

if  not  him- 
uation,  and 
the  follow- 
pagc  333.) 
acrica,  that 
cal  liberty, 
lits,  which; 
I  and  privi- 
ition,  is,  at 
ist  limits-— 
1  no  danger 
is  the  only 
,  pure,  and 
enue  and  a 
ned  enough 
18  to  ques- 
conduct  of 
■ty  dislikes 
Its  adhe- 
f  Indepen- 
)s  of  a  real 
■y  in  trade, 
she  enjoys 
pectacle  of 
their  prin- 
ir  security, 
'as  that  the 
>e  thwiikful 


4     <" 


to  be  again  received  under  our  protection  at  a  refuge  from  mili- 
tary despotism.  Since  that  hti|  '  vva«  lost,  it  would  hare  satis- 
fied  them  to  find  that  their  rcpu'iliuan  institutions  had  made 
them  poor,  and  turbulent,  and  depraved,  incapable  of  civil  wis- 
dom, regardless  of  national  honour,  and  as  intractable  to  their 
own  elected  rulers  as  they  had  been  to  their  hereditary  sove- 
reign. To  those  who  were  capable  of  such  wishes,  and  such 
expectations,  it  is  easy  to  conceive  that  the  happiness  and  good 
order  of  the  United  States — the  wisdom  and  authority  of  their 
f^overnment — and  the  unparalIel«J  rapidity  of  their  progress 
in  wealth,  population,  and  refinement,  must  have  been  but  an 
ungrateful  spectacle;  and  most  espcsially,  that  the  splendid  and 
steady  success  of  the  freest  and  most  popular  form  of  govern- 
ment that  ever  was  established  in  the  world,  must  have  struck 
the  most  lively  alarm  into  the  hearts  of  all  those  who  were  anx- 
ious tc  have  it  believed  that  the  people  could  never  interfere  in 
politics,  but  to  their  ruin,  and  that  the  smallest  addition  to  the 
democratical  influence  recognistcd  in  the  theory,  at  least,  of  the 
British  Constitution  must  lead  to  the  immediate  destruction  of 
peace  and  prosperity,  morality  and  religion.  That  there  are 
journals  in  this  country,  and  journals,  too,  of  great  and  deserved 
reputation  in  other  respects,  which  have  spoken  the  languge  of 
the  party  we  have  now  described,  and  that  in  a  tone  of  singu- 
lar intemperance  and  offen«!e,  we  most  readily  admit,"  &c. 

It  is  curious  to  note  how  soon  after  the  Revolution  this  tem- 
per was  displayed. 

Dr.  Franklin,  in  the  year  173(»,  writing  from  America  toM. 
Le  Veillard,  uses  the  followiuw  iangi.sge,  (Mevvioirs,  &c.,  Lon- 
don, 1818,  2  vol.  p.  90.)  "Be  assured  that  all  the  stories 
spread  in  the  English  papers  of  our  distresses  and  confusions, 
and  discontents  with  our  new  government,  are  as  chimerical  as 
the  history  of  my  being  in  chains  at  Algiers.  They  exist  only 
in  the  wishes  of  cur  enemies."  "All  this  is  in  answer  to  that 
part  of  your  letter,  in  which  you  seem  to  have  been  too  much 
impressed  with  some  of  the  ideas  which  those  lying  Englih  pa- 
pers endeavour  to  inculcate  concerning  us." 

And  again,  in  a  letter  to  David  Hartley,  Esq.,  he  says,  (vol. 
ii.  p.  136. )  "  Your  newspapers  are  filled  with  accounts  of  dis- 
tresses and  miseries,  that  these  States  are  plunged  into,  since 
their  separation  from  Britain.  You  may  believe  me  when  I 
tell  you,  that  triere  is  no  truth  in  these  accounts." 

In  a  letter,  dated  London,  22nd  April,  1786,  Mr.  Jefferson 
says,  (See  Memoir,  Correspondence,  &a,,  London,  1829,  2  vol. 
p.  2.)  "I  dined  the  other  day  in  a  company  of  the  ministew- 
al  party.  A  General  Clark,  a  Scotchman  and  a  ministerialist, 
sat  next  to  me.  He  introduced  thi  sufy'ect  of  A-nerican  affairs, 
and,  in  the  course  of  the  conversation,  told  me  that  were  Ame- 
rica to  petition  Parliament  to  be  again  received  on  their  for- 
mer footing,  the  petition  would  be  very  genera'ly  regected." 


I 


80 

The  MDio  diipoaition  is  manifested,  at  the  present  day,  by 
Ihfie  who  think  it  important  to  decry  the  influencu  of  popuiat 
sintimont  in  every  country,  and  under  every  form  of  govern- 
ment The  continued  tranquillity  and  happincM  of  Amoricn 
they  regard  aa  an  atTront  to  their  sagacity,  and  as  having,  for 
fifty  years,  kept  them  out  of  a  good  argument  Fortunately, 
a  now  topic  haa  of  late  years  started  up  to  vary  the  themes  cur- 
rent in  Dr.  Franklin's  day.  The  difficulty  experienced  by  the 
people  of  Mexico,  &c.,  in  suddenly  turning  to  the  best  advan- 
tage their  escape  from  Despotism — the  awkwardness  of  their 
first  attempts  at  self-government  without  the  least  previous  train- 
ing or  preparation — ere  turned  to  an  excellent  account  The 
omission,  also,  to  pay  dividends,  hss  given  a  shock  to  the  cre- 
dit of  Republicanism  on  Change,  and  the  panic  spreading  thence 
amongsfc  the  holders  of  the  public  securities,  people  start  at  the 
very  word  Rqform,  as  if  it  must  lead  to  something  shifty  and 
insecure,  besides  involving  an  unworthy  imitation  of  a  parcel  of 
Ropublios,  who,  if  caught  in  England,  would  be  every  one  of 
them  in  the  King's  Bench  before  night 

It  is  »  matter  of  course,  that  we  are  destined  to  the  same 
evils;  the  whole  being  treated  as  one  great  partnership  concern 
for  the  propagation  of  republicanism,  and  we,  as  senior  mem- 
bers of  the  Firm,  liable  for  the  errors  of  the  others,  and,  per- 
haps, in  honour,  if  the  matter  was  duly  considered,  for  their 
debts.  The  Quarterly  review  assures  itn  readers  that  it  is  ♦'  ojily 
by  maintaining  pence  that  they  (the  United  States)  have  any 
chance  of  preventing  their  country  from  cxhibiti;^g  the  same 
scenes  of  misery,  as  are  now  displaying  themselves  iu  the  sis- 
ier  democracies  of  Mexioo,  Peru,  Columbia,  and  La  Plata, 
(No.  for  November  1829.)  The  Review  has,  irdeed,  ventured 
on  a  very  bold  experiment  To  the  Article  oa  Cajrtain  HaH's 
Travels,  is  appended  a  Letter  purporting  to  come  from  the 
United  Suies,  of  which  the  object  it  to  prov*  the  folly  of  at- 
tempting to  remedy  the  grossest  ;  buses  in  Government  or  the 
Laws.  The  writer  is  made,  mysteriously,  to  say,  ^^  nature 
will  sometimes  effect  changes,  but  art  ewwot,"  and  he  "ho- 
nours" the  Spaniard  who  '«  boasts"  of  the  tranquilHziag  effects 
of  the  Inquisition.  The  whole,  iA  short,  is  not  merely  »  rebuke 
of  those  who  acWeved  the  Amerteen  Revolution,  but  of  all  who 
were  active  in  l«8g,  w  even  in  bringing  abcwit  the  late  meietire 
of  relief  to  the  Catholies.  It  is  introduced  as  oonfirmatoi^  of  a 
hf^te  that  Captain  Hall's  book  may  do  good  in  America.  Now, 
unfortunately  for  any  such  connexion^  the  whole  object  of  his 
pvofound  work  is  to  prova  that  America  never  can  be  happy 
without  a  complete  change  in  her  form  of  government  Even 
dram-drinkiog,  Captain  Hall  declares,  must  go  on  increasing, 
so  long  as  we  continue  to  be  republicans.  ♦*  The  habit,  accord^ 
ing  to  my  view  ef  the  matter,  is  interwoven  in  the  very  struc- 
twa  o£  that  paUticai  jociety  whicfe  tht  AawricwMi  W^  only  de. 


mt  day,  by 
of  popuUi 
of  govern - 
i(  AmericA 
having,  for 
ortunately, 
themes  cur* 
need  by  tho 
best  aJ  van* 
!8S  of  their 
ivioui  train- 
ount  Tho 
to  the  ero- 
ding thenco 
start  at  the 
t  shifty  and 
r  a  parcel  of 
'ery  one  of 

0  the  same 
lip  concern 
Bnior  mem- 
I,  and,  per- 
1,  for  their 
it  is  ♦'  only 
r)  have  any 
g  the  same 

1  iu  the  aiS' 
La  Plata, 

d,  ventured 
>tain  HaH's 
3  from  the 
foUy  of  at- 
»ent  or  the 
',  **uaiurc 
Hlhe  <<bo- 
iziag  effeets 
sly  «  rebuke 
t  of  all  who 
ite  saeiKire 
rnatary  of  a 
ica.  Now, 
bject  af  his 
D  be  happy 
Hit  Even 
increasing, 
bit,  accorO' 
very  atruc- 
atmi^dfi* 


f^ 


fend,  but  uphold,  as  the  very  wisest  (lint  has  over  hoctt  devised, 
or  ever  put  in  practice  for  tho  good  of  mankind,"  (vol.  ii.  p. 
85. )  So  far,  then,  from  inculcating  the  principle  of  .sfare  deci- 
ah,  Captain  Hall  assures  ua  .nat  even  our  vows  of  sobriety,  for 
the  time  to  come,  will  bo  utterly  unavailing,  unless  we  lay  thu 
axe  to  the  root  of  the  evil,  and  strike  out  all  tho  more  popular 
featuroNof  our  Constitution — including,  perhaps,  the  provisiou 
OS  to  the  Liberty  of  the  Press.  UoubtlcHS  his  suggu.stion  wil'. 
have  due  weight  with  those  who  are  endeavouring  to  discover 
a  remedy  for  an  evil  which  is  now  so  severely  scourging  Kn- 

Sland,  and  which  short-sighted  people  have  attributed  to  u  very 
iflbrent  cause. 

The  Organ  of  the  Party  to  which  allusion  has  been  made  is, 
undoubtedly,  the  Quarterly  Review;  and  Captain  Hall  cannot 
be  ignorant  of  its  influence  with  the  class  of  persons  into  whose 
hands  his  book  was  likely  to  fall.  In  the  number  for  Janua- 
ry 18S8,  of  that  work,  is  an  Essay  on  the  subject  of  America, 
written  by  some  one  connected  with  the  English  Admiralty, 
and  enjoying  familiar  access  to  its  archives.  It  is  in  this  ar- 
ticle that  the  assertion  is  made,  <<  We  need  hardly  say  there  is 
not  a  Captain  in  the  British  Navy,  who  would  not,  in  the  event 
of  a  contest,  bo  delighted  to  meet  with  the  Pennsylvania  while 
in  command  of  the  Caledonia. "  It  is  remarkable  that  in  this 
same  article^  a  *'wish"  is  expressed  that  the  kindness  shown 
to  Captain  Hall  in  the  United  States,  might  not  have  the 
effect  of  "  causing  our  agreeable  Captain  to  see  things  cou- 
leur  de  rose.*'  (No.  for  January,  1838,  p.  261.)  This  was 
bighteen  months  biefore  the  appearance  of  the  Travels,  and  we 
submit  that  it  was  hardly  fair.  Its  tendency  was  in  the  firbt 
place  to  disincline  A  mer  cans  to  extend  to  a  traveller,  thus  cau- 
tioned, the  kindness  and  the  facilities  for  obtaining  information 
which  any  oth^r  stranger  would  have  enjoyed,  lest  the  mere 
impulse  of  hospitality  might  be  construeo  into  a  wish  to  pur- 
chase from  the  **  agreeable  Captain"  goldei  opinions  of  them- 
selves and  their  country.  Nor  would  it  seem  to  be  less  calcu* 
lated  to  have  an  influence  on  the  agreeable  gentleman  himself. 
The  air  of  the  several  ai-ticles  referred  to,  and  of  another  of  the 
same  stamp,  in  the  No.  for  January  182d,  is  altogether  official 
and  authoritative.  Thus  we  are  told,  and  the  information  i^i 
BOW  for  the  first  time  given  to  the  world,  that  the  conflagra« 
lion  at  Washington,  <<was  in  reality  a  measure  of  the  Cabinet, 
and  not  of  the  Camp,"  (No.  for  Mtxch  1828,  p.  513;)  and  in  the 
more  recent  article  referred  to,  it  is  said,  '*  with  cot\fidence  as 
regards  the  Government — ^with  full  convietion  as  far  as  regards 
the  more  intelligent  part  of  the  community,  we  can  affirm," 
&c.  &c.  (No.  for  January  1829,  p.  241.)  Slight  hints  from  such 
a  quarter  always  mewn  rather  more  than  meets  the  ear.  It  can 
require  no  great  sagacity  on  the  part  of  the  officer  to  whom  ad- 
vice 13  thus  addressed,  to  uadt^ratKid  that  his  chance;  of  coati-^ 


'■nrmmmmrm' 


i 


M 

lining  to  merit  tho  'itle  of  <'ii  ;£,rceable,"  will  liap^nd  not  a  Iittl« 
on  hii  coniieiiting  to  afford  niimo  d«gr«e  of  countenance  to  (ha 
tirade!  of  hin  cuuiiaellor.  ('are,  in(l<  od,  u  taken  in  thcac  Ar« 
tidea  to  give  very  ct<!ar  warning  of  the  treitmen*  which  an 
author  muat  expect,  who  however  acnomnnodating  hia  general 
tomner  may  be,  yet  vcnlurea,  <n  any  occaaion,  to  expreac  a 
acntiment  inconaiat'-nt  with  tho  Kurjpow-s  of  the  critic.  Thua 
the  author  of  th«'  **  Narrative  of  •  ,*;  Campaigna  at  Waahington, 
by  the  autho;  of  The  Subaltern, ' '  though  a  landaman,  and  acarcc- 
ly  subject  to  Admiralty  juriadiction,  and  itpeaking  qf  what 
occurred  before  his  own  eyes,  ia  thus  ahorply  rebuked  for 
having  the  wcakncsa  to  deplore  the  extent  of  mischief  eom- 
mittea  at  Washington.  "  We  nrc  sorry  that  a  writer  poa- 
aessed  of  our  uuthor'a  sense  and  judgntenl,  should  have  in' 
considerately  joined  in  auch  an  outcry  as  thia.  He  ought  to 
have  pauseaand  reflected  well,  ere  he  thua  ventured  to  give 
additional  currency  to  the  diaingenunus  aupprcsaiona  and  exag- 
gerations of  our  enemy,  and  to  echo  the  unscrupuJdus  flourishes 
of  republican  rhetoric^"  (Quart.  Rev.  for  March,  1888,  p.  512.) 

Another  example  of  denunciation  could  hardly  fail  to  rest  on 
the  memory  of  Captain  Hall,  for  hia  own  name  is  introduced 
into  it.  Thus  in  the  review  of  Faux's  Travels,  the  following 
expressions  occur,  (vol.  29.  p.  339:) — «•  From  such  a  man,  and 
with  such  objects  in  view,  one  practical  page  is  worth  all  thn 
radical  trash  of  the  Halls,  the  IVrights,  and  the  Till  Har- 
ria's,  in  enabling  us  to  form  a  just  estimate,"  &c.  The  assault 
on  Miss  Wright  is  thus  followed  up:  '•  Author  of  Views  of  So- 
ciety ond  Manners  in  America.  We  flattered  ourselves  that 
nothing  so  bast  and  degenerate  in  the  shape  qfan  Englishwo- 
man could  be  found;  but  the  sad  reality  has  since  appeared:  a 
Miss  Wright,  an  adopted  daughter  (as  she  says)  of  Jeremy  Bcn- 
tham,  having  prefixed  her  name  to  it."  The  Hall  referred  to 
is  an  Officer  of  the  British  Army,  who  published  a  volume  of 
Travels  in  the  United  States  which,  though  displaying  all  tho 
feelings  of  an  Englishman,  did  not  indulge  in  that  blind  and 
indiscriminate  abuse  of  the  country  which  had  been  looked  for. 
On  this  account  it  was  condemned  to  be  burnt  by  the  hands  of 
that  common  hangman  of  the  Review,  who  does  the  articles  on 
America. 

But  there  was  deep  cunning  in  the  hint  given  to  Captain  Hall. 
It  showed  him  exactly  the  turn  which  would  be  given  to  any 
favourable  representation  he  might  make  of  the  United  States. 
He  saw  the  ridicule  prepared  for  him,  as  one  whose  palate,  and 
whose  vanity,  had  been  tickled  by  good  dinners  and  civil  speeches. 
He  saw  in  anticipation,  '*  it  will  be  remembered  that  eighteen 
tnontha  ago  we  took  occasion  to  point  out  the  danger  to  which 
our  agreeable  Captain  was  exposed,  and  really  we  cannot  find 
it  in  our  heairts  to  quarrel  with  the  amiable  weakness  which 
has  not  b(ien  proof  against  the  temptation  to  which  we  feared  it 


m 


not  a  little 
mcc  to  the 
I  thvnc  Ar- 

which  an 
hit  genrrai 
»  exproRN  a 
tic.  Thud 
'aihlngton, 
and  acarcc- 
If  (]f  what 
ibuked  for 
chief  eom- 
vriter  poll- 
Id  have  in< 
V"  mtffht  to 
red  to  give 
i  and  cxag" 
R  flourishes 
i8,  p.512.) 
I  to  rest  on 
introduced 
)  following 
a  man,  and 
>rth  all  thn 

Ttll  Har. 
The  assault 
iows  of  80- 
sclves  that 
'SnglishtvO' 
ppeared:  a 
jrciny  Bcn- 
referrcd  to 
I  volume  of 
ring  all  the 
L  blind  and 
looked  for. 
ie  hands  of 
articles  on 

iptain  Hall. 
Iven  to  any 
fted  States, 
palate,  and 
ilipeeches. 
at  eighteen 
er  to  which 
cannot  find 
nesfl  which 
ve  feared  it 


M 

would  be  unequal "  What  a  mortifying  f^ctption  thiii,  com- 
par>%<i  with  the  fufl,  rtarneat,  unquukiined  burst  01  gratitude  witlt 
wh    n  he  has  bfwn  greeted  t 

"  If  we  may  pcnutrate  the  motivea  of  »n  author  from  hia  work, 
we  should  judge  his  dttign  has  b(i«n  [to  describe  the  United 
States?— No— but]  to  render  sundry  topics  intelligible  and  po- 
pillar  which  are  nt>(  gniuTnlIy  understood  or  reU-ihrd  hy  the 
bulk  qfthepeopf',  but  to  <vhom  right  viowson  theno  subieotji 
are  likely  to  be  cticatly  beneficial.  He  evidently  wtthea 
•  to  show  the  ad  vaui..^i«  which  flow  fron™  the  diitinclions  of  rank^ 
fcc.  &c.  We  are  quite  oure  his  bouk  must  do  good  here.  It  may 
/Urniah  many  welMispiKied ptmons  wil  nrgu  menta  by  which 
to  defend  the  blessings  they  enjoy}  itmaydecnle  the  wavering, 
and  cot\fuaet  if  not  aitence, the  turbulent  and  Uf  revolutionary, 
of  whom,  we  suppose,  no  free  country  •  i||  ever  bo  entirely  de- 
void, though  Wi;  certainly  do  iiotrem6nu^'>rthe  (>eriod  at  which 
one  heard  less  of  tiiem  in  iuiia!at;d  than  at  present" 

One  reflootiun  is  unavnidabTo  If  Captain  Hall's  denuncia* 
tloits  are  deemed  of  such  vitid  importance,  it  follows  that  a  cor- 
responding degree  of  mischief  must  have  resulted  from  his 
■peaking  in  favourablr*  terms  of  thu  (>opular  institutions  of  the 
United  StatoR.  An  ubiect  so  important  juNtificd,  perhaps,  a 
language  of  caution  to  him,  which  seems,  on  its  face,  strangely 
illiberid.  No  one  who  reads  the  Article  can  well  doubt  its  hav- 
ing been  drawn  up  by  a  person  converBant  with  the  documentf 
at  Whitohnll.  It  has,  by  some,  been  attributed  to  Mr.  Cro- 
ker,  the  Secretary  of  the  Admir  tlty,  and  by  others,  to  the  Un- 
der Secretary.  Captain  Hall,  however,  knows  better  than  we 
oan  pretend  to  inform  him,  who  was  his  significant  prompter. 

But  we  are  good  naturedly  disposrti,  instead  of  drawing  harsh 
inferences  of  our  own,  to  give  the  tourikt  an  opportunity  of  speak* 
ing  for  himself.  It  is  proposed,  therefore,  to  follow  his  move- 
ments until  >-.'e  have  reached  a  pretty  decisive  manifestation  of 
his  actual  r<  nlings  towards  the  Republic. 

He  tells  us,  that  his  first  impressions  of  that  country  were 
formed  "  two  or  three  and  twenty  years  ago,"  whilst  a  midship- 
roan  of  the  "  Leander,  flag-ship  of  the  Halifax  station. "  They 
were  not  of  a  favourable  kind.  I  confess  I  was  not  very 
well  disposed  to  the  Americans,  a  feeling  shared  with  ali  my 
companiona  an  board,  and  probably,  ilso,  with  most  qf  my 
auperiora.^*  In  order  to  understand  how  a  midshipman  on  the 
Halifax  station  could  pretend  *->  form  an  opinion  of  the  charac* 
ter  of  the  people  of  the  United  States,  it  is  nocessiiry  to  gather 
from,  other  quarters  a  history  of  the  conduct  of  the  British  crui- 
■era  along  our  ooast  In  the  London  *•  New  Monthly  Ma|;a- 
zine"  for  Aug;  t  1899,  a  gen'oman  who  had  been  iu  America 
many  yeara  ago,  in  the  public  service  of  firoat  Britain,  and  who 
has  recentl  made  another  visit,  thus  describes  their  operations: 
*♦  You  will"  allow  it  admits  of  doubt,  iivhether  any  coasting 


an'ilillili   a 


r 


mmmmmiflfpmm- 


W^ 


'l(iliMliitriinm»  ■ 


•ktopert  inugly  in  hia  tiirth,  and  lii«  achooncr  at  tnchor,  bIiomIiI 
thinii  it  very  ploaunt  to  be  ordortid  on  deek,  in  linen,  at  th« 
dead  h<itir  of  a  cold  night,  by  s.  voice  auch  aa  ia  much  ailcclcd 
by  naval  oilieora,  particularly  by  that  important  claaa,  the  mid- 
•hipmen,  and  iwifuro  h«  had  time  to  aacurtain  it'  the  aound  wan 
not  that  of  hia  veaa«l  rubbing  on  thr  ground,  to  hoar  the  rigging 
riddled  by  a  platoon  of  marine  munfjutHry.  Nor  waa  it  ralcu- 
latod  to  obtain  a  good  r«|M)rt  ainungat  the  Yankeea  tu  drag  their 
ihipa  to  leeward,  bowa  under,  becauae  they  could  not  anawer 
aignala  with  quite  aa  much  alacrity  aa  a  high-in-order  mau-of-  • 
war,  although  it  might  be  done  with  the  kind  intention  of 
teaching  them  to  lie  more  adroit.  Moreover  it  waa  not  ob- 
vioualy  very  funny,  in  a  frigate  honeatly  oruiaing  for  prizea, 
when  nhc  happened  to  find  hcrai'lf  abort  of  junk,  poMtoly  lo  taku 
n  alow  American  in  tow,  and  having  got  her  hawacr  on  board, 
to  draw  it  in  till  there  waa  no  moro  to  pay  out,  aitd  then  order 
her  to  cut  and  be  damned." 

It  ia  clear  that  the  opinion  which  a  British  ofTiccr  could  form 
of  the  Americana,  under  such  circumilancca,  muat  have  been 
derived  from  the  temper  which  they  evinced  in  reference  to  no 
golling  a  npecica  of  annoyance.  Doubtleas,  Midahipman  Hall^ 
and  the  other  youngatcra,  hia  "companions,"  could  not  tor- 
bear  to  think  how  ihcir  own  proud  and  haughty  laland  would 
have  acted  under  similar  provocation.  Suppoae  a  French,  or 
American,  frigate  in  tho  Thaines  or  the  Moracy,  mallroating 
the  "  coasting  skipper!"     The  Americans  were  probably  re- 

furded  on  board  the  Lcandor  with  a  sort  of  sportive  contempt, 
'et  an  incident  occurred  which  could  haraly  fail  to  inspire 
n  graver  feeling.  I)y  a  shot  from  this  very  Loandcr  poor 
Pearce  was  killed.  The  circumstance  is  thus  noticed  in  tho 
Uritiah  Annual  Register  for  1806,  p.  948:  '*  Tho  third  ground 
of  complaint  on  tho  part  of  the  AmeHcans  waa  of  infinitely 
less  importance  than  tho  others,  and  their  <jlemand  to  have  their 
rouritimo  jurisdiction  defined  and  respectnd  waa  so  just  and  rea- 
sonable, that  no  objection  could  bo  made  to  it  An  unfortu- 
nate accident,  in  which  an  American  seaman  happened  lo  be 
kiiied  within  aight  qf  Neto  York,  by  a  shot  from  the  British 
armed  vessel,  the  Leander,  had  drawn  attention  to  this  subject, 
and  rendered  some  regulations  indispensable;  but  no  difficulty 
could  occur  in  settling  a  point  which  was  already  actlled  by 
the  law  qf  nations.  The  affair  of  the  Leander  having  taken 
place  during  the  elections  at  New  York,  great  use  was  made  of 
it  by  the  federal  party  to  excite  odium  against  the  President, 
and  bring  discredit  upon  his  a(!!iiini8tration,  on  pretence  that 
foreigners  were  encouraged  to  commit  such  outrages  by  their 
knowledge  of  the  weakness  and  timidity  of  his  government.*' 
Such  an  incident  could  hardly  fail  to  sober  the  levity  which 
before  prevailed;  and  if  there  be  truth  in  the  remark  of  Tacitus^ 
thai  it  13  natural  to  hate  those  whom  wc  have  injured—  . 


or,  aiioilld 
on,  at  lh« 
:h  aiiccUul 
I,  the  mid- 
lounil  wiM 

in  it  calcu- 
flrag  lh«ir 
lot  gnawer 
Rf  mau'of-  • 
tcniion  of 
ua  not  ob- 
for  prize*, 
ety  lo  taku 
on  board, 
then  order 

!ouIcl  form 
havu  boot! 
encft  to  iw> 
rnian  Hall^ 
Id  not  ior- 
and  would 
h'renoh,  or 
nallroating 
•obably  re- 
contempt, 
to  inspire 
ndcr  poor 
ced  in  tho 
ird  sround 
inflnilely 
havo  their 
latand  roa- 
lH  unfortu- 
med  to  be 
the  British 
lis  subject, 
a  difficulty 
nettled  by 
n\x%  taken 
'as  made  of 
President, 
itence  that 
;es  by  their 
ornment." 
city  which 
of  Tacituf^ 
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**  Proprium  humani  ingcnii  est  odieiic  quam  laeserb," 

wc  con  readily  image  that  a  sentiment  of  dislike  might  mingle 
with  the  unpleasant  reminiscences  of  service  on  our  CGatft.  Yet 
Contempt  must  have  sometimes  struggled  for  the  ascendancy 
when  they  recollected  what  would  have  been  done  if  a  Oiitish 
life  had  been  lost  by  a  shot  from  an  American  frigate  into  a 
Newcastle  collier,  within  sight  of^ondon.  Then,  again,  of- 
fence was  probably  taken  at  our  i>«king  that  the  Ci.,.tain  of  the 
Leander  should  be  tried,  as  he  was,  by  a  naval  court-martial. 
He  was  acquitted,  and  we  acquiesced.  Next  year  our  frigate 
Chesapeake  was  attacked  by  order  of  the  Commander-in-chief 
of  the  Halifax  station,  which  was  then  lying  at  anchor  in  Lynn- 
haven  Bay.  Many  of  her  seamen  were  Killed  and  wounded. 
Wc  now  roused  ourselves  up  in  earnest,  and  issued  a  very  warm 
Proclamation.  An  apology  was  at  length  made;  but  Admiral 
Berkeley,  the  offending  Officer,  so  far  from  being  punished, 
was  appointed  to  the  Liabon  station,  against  the  earnest  rcmon- 
atrances  of  our  Minister  in  London,  M..  Pinckney.  Then 
came  the  Orders  in  Council;  but  it  was  not  until  nine  hundred 
and  seventeen  of  our  vessels,  with  their  cargoes,  had  been  en- 
gulfed in  the  British  Prize  Courts  that  our  patience  gave  way. 
All  this  time,  too,  the  practice  of  Impressment  was  going  on 
from  such  American  vessels  a&  were  spared  to  us. 

Unquestionably,  this  sort  of  tamencss  must  have  had  the  ef- 
fect very  much  to  lower  us  in  the  estimation  of  a  dashing  young 
midshipman.  Yet  Captain  Hall  repreaents  his  temper  ab  having 
nothing  implacable  about  it.  He  was  willing  to  forget  and  for- 
give. Time  and  distance  did  a  great  deal.  "  As  the  duties," 
he  says,  "of  a  varied  service  in  after  years,  threw  ma  far  from 
the  source  at  which  these  national  antipathies  had  been  imbibed; 
they  appeared  gradually  to  dissipate  themselves  in  proportion  as 
my  acquaintance  with  other  countries  was  extended,  and  I  had 
learned  to  think  better  of  mankind  in  general."  He  had  writ- 
ten "books,  and  become  a  member  of  several  learned  societies, 
and  thus  a  bland,  philosophical  spirit  gradually  soothed  the  as- 
perity of  the  young  reefer.  He  became  amongst  his  late  thought- 
less "companions,"  a  sort  of  Orator  of  the  Human  Race — a  naval 
Anacharsis  Cloots.  He  reasoned,  unceasingly,  with' them  about 
their  prejudices.  "  I  came  to  view  with  regret  the  prevalence 
in  others  of  those  hostile  sentiments  I  had  myself  relinquished. 
My  next  anxiety  naturally  was  to  persuade  others,"  &c.  If  the 
savages  of  Loo  Choo  were  so  amiable,  why  might  not  there  be 
some  good  points  about  the  Americans?  L^t  them  answer  that 

itlain  question.  These  Yankees,  he  would  say,  are  made  (in  a 
oose  way)  after  God's  image,  and  may  have  souls  like  your- 
selves. The  zeal  with  which  he  devoted  himself  to  the  propa- 
gation of  ♦'lis  new  theory  is  amwring,  when  we  consider  that  he 
was  yet  in  ihe  heyday  of  life,  and  was  surrounded  by  all  the 
temptations  to  frivolous  amusements  which  beset  the  sailor  6n 


} 


.  ^.i4rtiM 


-,iJi,{fk\U' 


iiwwwi|W'"'i|TTm-i, 


9i 


shore.  At  length  theie  serious  thoughts  so  exorcised  his  mind, 
that  he  resolved  on  that  groat  step  which  hu'made  him  known 
to  us — his  celebrated  mission  to  the  West. 

It  must  be  admitted,  on  all  sides,  that  there  was  nothing  nar- 
row in  his  views.  He  wished  to  carry  out,  as  well  as  to  oring 
back,  healing  in  his  wings.  But  there  was  a  diffioulty.  Hr 
represents  the  prejudice  n^  this  side  of  the  Atlantic  as  strong 
and  universal.  It  in  n  verf  remfcrkablo  ctrcumstsnce  that  iio 
does  not  prciend  to  have  made  a  singb  convert  in  the  whole 
course  of  his  labours.  No  one's  wrath  was  turned  away  by  his 
soft  words,  and  even  his  old  companions,  of  the  Leander,  seem 
to  have  given  his  eloquence  to  the  winds.  Yet  it  was  necessa* 
ry  to  have  some  civil  things  to  siy  to  the  Americans,  and  the 
object  in  view  being  a  lauditble  one,  he  deemed  it  justifiable, 
for  a  great  good,  to  stretch  his  conscience  a  iitth.  He,  ae^ 
cordingly,  set  himself  to  work,  to  frame  a  particular  form  of 
expression;  and  surely  no  Jesuit  could  have  devised  one  better 
calculated  to  entrap,  by  seemingly  magnificent  promises,  with' 
out  in  the  least  committing  his  own  oountiymen.  He  deter* 
mined  to  represent  to  the  Americans— 

"That  the  Engliah  tcere-^iUing^io  think- W^e/A-of  them- 
li^they  could-cn/y  Me-^'i«s/'grounds  for-«  Change-ot  sentir 
ment "  ^ 

Now  let  it  be  asked,  whether  a  British  oflBcer  was  very  cha- 
ry of  his  honour  in  holding  out  these  promises?  Who  aatho- 
rixed  Captain  Hall  to  pive  any  pledge  on  the  subject,  mneh 
lead  to  the  extent  to  which  he  proceeded?  He  left  behind  him 
in  England,  bitter,  uncompromising,  prejudice.  He  does  not 
profess  to  have  had  Uie  slightest  authority,  verbal  or  writteui 
ever,  from  the  sea-faring  classes  with  whose  aentiments  he  might 
be  presumed  to  'le  best  aequainted.  And  what  right  had  he  to 
suppose  that  they  would  quietly  resign  so  cherished  a  portion  of 
their  ideas  as  these  national «  antipathies?"  CapUin  Hall  knows, 
as  well  as  any  body^  that  these  gentlemen  are  the  very  persons, 
who,  lik^  Goldsmith's  Croaker,  are  quite  willing  to  listen  to 
reason,  q/ter  they  have  made  up  their  minds,  for  **then  it  can  do 
nu  harm."  What!  why,  after  a  while  they  would  have  no- 
thing left  to  damn  but  their  own  souls.  Mark  the  cunning  of 
the  language  prepared  for  the  United  Statea.  Fair  asthepromiae 
is  to  the  ear  when  rapidly  uttered,  it  vanishes  v.hen  you  do  no. 
slur  the  If,  and  the  coneluding  wcrds.  It  binds  nobody.  Should 
the  Amerieans  eome  into  any  arrangement  with  him  as  to  an  ar- 
mistice, and  agree  to  lay  down  ihetr  prejudices,  he  might  laugh 
in  their  fiiees  the  next  moment.  The  Treaty  would  be  so  much 
wMteps^rwithout  the  assent  ofall  the  individuals  of  the  Britudi 
Empire,  including  the  vast  body  of  naval  officers,  marines,  sea- 
men, ordinary  seamen,  and  boys,  scattered  aU  over  the  worid  the 
Lord  knows  where.  Yet  into  this  sort  of  one-«ided  sompaot  was 
Captaia  Hall's  language  artfoily  intended  to  lead;  and  a  plain- 


^ 


f  ■ 


'ii'iriasuk 


Sil  his  mindf 
him  known 

Dothinc  ntr- 
I  as  to  tiring 
Soulty.  Hr 
tio  H  strong 
Anee  that  Imi 
n  the  whole 
away  by  his 
lander,  seem 
was  necessa* 
Bins,  and  the 
t  justifiable, 
k.  lie,  ae- 
lular  form  of 
id  one  better 
mises,  with'< 
He  deter>* 

e/A-of  them- 
ig«-of  sentit 

ras  very  cha- 
Who  Butho* 
ibject,  ranch 
;  behind  him 
He  does  not 
1  or  written, 
inta  he  might 
;ht  had  he  to 
J  a  portion  of 
1  Hall  knows, 
rery  persons, 
;  to  listen  to 
Aeniteando 
lid  have  no* 
le  cunning  of 
ath&pronuM 
n  yon  da  no. 
ody.  Should 
a  as  to  an  ar< 
might  laugh 
1  be  NO  much 
of  the  British 
narines,  sen* 
Aie  worid  the 
sompaotwas 
and  a  plaiiK 


im-inipiiiiipfMuiiimitipp 


spoken  seaman,  who  was  mrt' 
take  it  for  granted  that  he  hui 

It  is,  now,  our  serious  ' 
menti,  languagn,  and  even 
forward  to  establish  the 
perpetually,  attempts  to 
of  eandour  end  fairness. 

In  six  weeks  after  landii^f 
himself  in  Canada.     It  is 
of  the  Quarteriy  Review, 
that  he  **/ir»t  visited  the 
passed  into  Canada."    TUi 
ed  up  the  Hudson  in  k 
thence  to  Niagara,  never 
State  of  New  York,  exe^ 
eight  miles  to  a  small, 
Massachusetts.    Befors 
let  us  interronte  iiia»  m 
leeted  for  fornitng  an 
begin,  a .  Bacon  wmM 
neiNMsd  the  proeeedin||i  # 
at  a  meeting  of  a  Stale' 
represents  as  the  sewMS 
drawn,  and  as  having  ' 
working  and  trntdenajr  «f 
net  seen  a  Slave.    In 
oireumstanees  whifih  he 
threw  a  elood  ova#  Metir 
on  quitting  New  Ye^ 
pie  oarselvee  firom  tiie  f 
been  no  leas  del^^iled 
than  with  the  iaetitattoii 
getio  pecole,"  attd  «Ht| 
which  nniTersallj 
of  that^glorioua 
these  thowand  jreoi^  tte 
a  month  «>ld— e  litthi 
he  misaed  nothu^  iMrt; 
tendarieflf  and  the  greit' 
a  suitable  iqapNMioa  ma  Ui» 
are  th»  daseriheds  '■ff: 

<«A8thewindiMior 

▼istas,  new  eakiva(St%  «!# 
dneti,  i^mo  at  eveif 
ings,  mUl%  cliwdNikei& 
one  of  eaehnUneat^^' 

"Onthe  IMh  of 
▼ery  centre  of  wUoii  llurl 
we  had  oppoetitBtelir 


f==^^ 


would  really 
'  Attorney. 
ly  the  move* 
nnally  comcA 
8,  and  who, 
aancverationa 


n  Hall  found 
Mui  inaccuracy 
{»«9,  p.  420,) 
.'iltnteay  then 
all  procRcd- 
nd  travelled 
through  the 
went  thirty- 
rn  part  of 
into  Canada, 
he  had  col- 
is.     And  to 
had  iwt  wit- 
been  present 
ibsequcntly, 
principally 
the  practical 
He  had 
no  of  those 
!>  gradually, 
other  hand, 
"disentan- 
»    He  had 
met  there, 
ese  *'ener- 
iral  style," 
lection,  too, 
shall  brave, 
as  then  but 
[the  Hudson, 
the  Peni- 
fail  to  make 
witnessed 

ht  of  fresh 
new  aque- 
rcd  dwell' 
ked  really 

tiirou|^  the 

ig  the  drive, 

of  its 


i 


■y^  J  -innniihaMMS— ewn 


90 


[ 


progress,  from  the  dense,  black,  tang;lc(],  native,  forcet,  up  to 
the  highest  stages  of  cultivation,  with  wheat  and  barley  waving 
over  it;  or  from  that  melancholy,  and  very  hopeless  looking 
state  of  things,  when  the  trees  are  laid  prostrate  upon  the  earth, 
one  upon  top  of  another,  and  a  miwrable  log-hut  is  ilH>  only 
aymptom  of  man's  residence,  to  such  gay  and  thriving  places 
OS  Syracuse,  with  fine  broad  streets,  large  and  commodious 
houses,  gay  shops,  and  stage  coaches,  wagons,  and  gigs,  flying 
post,  all  in  a  bustle.  In  the  centre  of  the  village,  we  coulu 
see  from  our  windows  the  canal  thickly  covered  with  freight 
boats  and  packets,  glancing  silently  past,  and  shooting  like  ar- 
rows through  the  bridges,  some  of  wnich  were  stone,  and  some 
of  painted  wood." 

"  Every  now  and  then,  we  came  to  viiJages,  consisting  of 
several  hundred  houses;  and  in  the  middle,  1  observed  there 
were  always  several  Churches." 

"The  village  of  Utica,  stands  a  stop  higher  in  this  progres- 
sive scale  of  rivilization;  for  it  has  several  Church  Spires  rising 
over  it,  and  at  no  great  distance  an  institution,  called  Hamilton 
College,  intended,  I  was  told,  for  the  higher  branches  of  sci- 
ence. We  also  visited  Syracuse,  a  village  vith  extensive  salt- 
works close  to  it:  and  had  numerous  opportunities  of  examining 
the  Erie  Canal,  and  the  great  high-road  to  Bufl'alo;  so  that  what 
wi*J)  towns  and  cities,  Indians,  forests,  cleared  and  cultivated 
lands,  girdled  trees,  log-houses,  painted  churches,  villas,  canals, 
and  manufhctories,  and  hundreds  of  thousands  of  human  beings, 
starting  into  life,  all  within  the  ken  '  one  day's  rapid  journey, 
there  was  pienty  of  stuff  for  the  ikii  ^ination  to  work  upon." 

"  Often,  too,  without  much  warning,  we  came  in  sight  of 
busy  villages,  ornamented  with  tall  white  spires,  topping  above 
towers,  in  which  the  taste  of  the  villagers  had  placed  green  Ve- 
nitidn  blinds;  and,  at  the  summit  of  all,  handsome  gilt  weather- 
cocks glittering  and  crowing,  as  it  seemed,  in  triumph  over  the 
poor  forest" 

"  O'jr  next  hult  was  at  the  end  of  an  extremely  pretty  lake, 
not  quite  so  large  as  the  two  last  we  had  visited,  but  still  an  ex- 
tensive piece  of  water.  This  lake,  and  the  village  which  stands 
at  the  northern  extremity,  are  called  Canandaigua.  I  may  re- 
mark, that  the  term  village,  conveys  a  different  idea  to  us  from 
what  it  does  to  an  American.  The  word  town  would  seem 
more  appropriate,  as  these  villages  are  not  composed  of  cottages 
clustered  together,  but  of  fine  houses,  divided  by  wide  streets, 
and  embellished  by  groves  of  trees  and  flower  gardens.  At  cer- 
tain corners  of  all  Uiese  villaees,  or  towns,  blacksmiths,  coopers, 
and  other  artisans  are  to  be  u)und;  but,  generally  speaking,  the 
houses  at  Canandaigua,  for  instance,  have  more  the  appearance 
ef  aeparate  country  houses,  than  of  mere  component  parts  of  a 
village.  In  die  centre  there  is  always  left  an  open  space  or 
market  place,  with  showy  hotels  on  oae  side;  the  court-house 


'%  !■ 


iw|i»iw  iMwmfmmmmmF 


forcBt,  up  to 
mrlcy  waving 
elcsH  looking 
ion  the  earth, 
lit  is  tlii>  only 
riving  places 

commodious 
i  gigs,  flying 
go,  wc  could 

with  freight 
oting  like  ar- 
ine,  and  some 

consisting  of 
served  there 

this  progress 
Spires  rising 
led  Hamilton 
iches  of  sci- 
xtensive  salt- 
of  examining 
;  so  that  what 
id  cultivated 
villas,  canals, 
uman  beings, 
ipid  journey, 
>rk  upon." 
B  in  sight  of 
apping  above 
ed  green  Ve- 
gilt  weathcr- 
inph  over  the 

pretty  lake, 
jt  still  an  ex- 
which  stands 
.  I  may  re- 
ea  to  us  from 

would  seem 
id  of  cottages 
wide  streets, 
lens.  Atcer- 
iths,  coopers, 
ipeaking,  the 
c  appearance 
mt  parts  of  a 
tea  space  or 
» court-house 


«n  the  other;  and  perhaps  a  Church,  and  a  Meeting-Mouse,  tu 
complete  the  Square." 

"  Canandaigua  lies  nearly  in  the  centre  of  Ontario  eoiinty,  a 
large  tract  of  which  wm  purchased  many  years  ago,  I  believe  in 
1790,  by  some  Englith  gentlemen,  who  paid  about  five  cents  an 
acre  for  it,  or  about  two  pence  halfpenny.  Great  part  of  it  has 
since  been  sold  at  prices  varying  from  one  and  two  dollars,  to 
ten,  and  even  twenty  dollars." 

*•  In  the  meantime,  we  had  abundant  ocular  demonstration  of 
the  respect  paid  to  the  subject  of  Religion;  for  scarcely  a  single 
villatt,  hoirever  small,  was  without  a  Church." 

««  On  the  26th  of  June,  1887,  we  strolled  through  the  village 
of  Rochester,  under  the  guidance  of  a  moit  obliging  and  intel- 
ligent friend,  a  native  of  thif  part  of  the  country.  Every  thing 
in  this  bustling  place  appeared  to  be  in  motion.  The  very  streets 
seemed  to  be  starting  up  of  their  own  accord,  ready  made,  and 
looking  as  fresh  and  new,  as  if  they  had  been  turned  out  of  the 
workmen's  hands  but  an  hour  liefore;  or  that  a  great  boxful  of 
new  houses  had  been  sent  by  steam  from  New  York,  and  tum- 
bled out  on  the  half-cleared  land.  Tlie  canal  banks  were  at  some 
places  atill  unturfed:  the  lime  soemed  hardly  dry  in  the  mason- 
ry ol  the  aqueduct,  in  the  bridges,  in  the  ujmberless  great  saw- 
mills and  manufactories.  In  many  of  these  buildings,  the  peo- 
ple were  at  work  below  stairs,  while  at  top  the  carpenters  wore 
busy  nailing  on  the  planks  of  the  roof." 

*'  Some  dwellings  were  half  painted,  while  the  foundations  of 
others,  within  five  yards  distance,  were  only  beginning,  I  can- 
not say  how  many  churches,  court-houses,  jails,  and  hotels,  I 
counted,  all  in  motion,  creeping  upwards.  Several  streets  were 
nearly  finished,  but  had  not  yet  received  their  names;  and  many 
others  were  in  the  reverse  predicament,  being  named,  but  not 
commenced,  their  local  h;;bitation8  being  merely  signified  by 
lines  of  ctakes.  Here  and  there  we  saw  great  warehouses,  with- 
out window  sashes,  but  half  filled  with  goods,  and  furniffhed 
with  hoisting  cranes,  ready  to  fish  up  the  huge  pyramids  of  floUt 
barrels,  bales,  and  boxes  Wine  in  the  streets.  In  the  centre  of 
the  town,  the  spire  of  a  Presbyterian  Church  rose  to  a  great 
height,  and,  on  each  side  of  the  supporting  tower,  was  to  be 
iecD  the  dial  plate  of  a  clock,  of  wjiich  the  machinery,  in  the 
hurry-skarry,  had  been  left  at  New  York.  I  need  not  say,  that 
these,  half-finished,  whole  finished,  and  embryo  streets  were 
crowded  with  people,  carta,  stages,  cattle,  pigs,  far  beyond  the 
reach  of  numbers;  and  as  all  these  were  lining  up  their  voices 
together,  in  ket:pih|  wit*i  the  clatter  of  hammers,  the  ringing  df 
axee,  and  the  cracking  of  inachinery,  thcMi  was  a  fine  concert,  I 
afsureyout'' 

"But  it  struck  us,  that  the  interest  of  the  town,  for  it  «M)ns 
idle  to  call  it  a  village,  wa«  subordinate  to  that  of  the  suburbs. 

13 


? 


'S 


(i 


■■HC:- 


mm 


mtnntm 


w 


M> 


i 


m 

A  few  years  ago,  tho  whole  of  that  part  of  the  country  was  co* 
Tcrcd  with  a  dark,  ailent  forral,  and  even  aa  it  waa,  we  could 
not  proceed  a  mile  in  any  direction,  except  that  of  the  high 
road,  without  coming  full-butt  againat  tho  woods  of  time  immc* 
inorial  " 

'•  Lockport,  is  celebrated  over  tlie  United  States  aa  tho  aite 
of  a  double  set  of  canal  locks,  admirably  executed,  side  by  aide, 
five  in  each,  ono  for  boats  going  up,  the  other  for  those  coming 
down  the  canal.  Tho  original  level  of  the  rocky  table  land  about 
Lockport  is  somewhat,  though  not  much,  higher  than  the  sur- 
iaco  of  Lake  Kric,  from  which  it  is  distant,  by  tho  line  of  the 
canal,  about  thirty  miles.  In  order  to  obtain  the  advantage  of 
having  such  an  inexhaustible  reservoir  as  Lake  Erie  for  a  fcftder 
to  tho  canal,  it  became  necessary  to  cut  doivn  the  top  of  the  ridgo 
on  which  Lockport  stands,  to  bring  the  canal  level  somewhat 
below  that  of  tho  lake.  For  thia  purpose,  a  magnificent  cxca* 
vation,  called  the  Deep  Cutting,  arveral  miles  in  length,  with  an 
average  depth  of  twenty-five  fee 4,  was  made  through  a  compact, 
>iorizontal  limestone  stratum,  a  work  of  great  expense  and  la- 
hour,  and  highly  creditable  to  all  parties  concerned." 

«  The  Erie  Canal  is  303  miles  in  length,  40  feet  wide  at  the 
•urface,  28  at  bottom,  and  four  feet  deep.  There  are  83  locks 
of  masonry,  each  90  feet  long,  by  15  wide.  The  elevation  of 
Lake  Erio  above  tho  Hudson,  at  Albany,  is  about  555  feet;  but 
tho  lockage  up  and  down  on  the  whole  voyage  is  G62  feet." 

Vet,  amidst  all  these  scenes,  the  onlv  reflection  which  escapes 
from  Captain  Hall  is  a  denunciation  of  the  **  blighting  tempest 
of  democracy,"  for  having  done  away  with  Primogeniture  and 
Entails.  At  this  early  period,  too,  he  detecis  <•  a  wish,  when 
asking  for  information,  to  prove  my  ^./giQal  and  prejudiced  con- 


the'people  injustice. "  He  hero  introduces,  also,  a  sort  of  elcg^ 
on  a^ead  tree,  evidently  for  the  mere  purpose  of  vqnting  his 
spleen  at  what  he  deems  th:)  heartlessness  of  Improvement. 

"  An  American  settler  can  hiirdly  conceive  the  horror  with 
which  a  foreigner  beholds  such  numbers  of  magnificent  trees 
standing  round  him,  with  their  throats  cut,  the  very  Banquos 
tif  the  murdered  forest,  "The  process  of  girdling  is  this: — a 
circular  cut  or  ring,  two  or  three  inches  deep,  is  made  with  an 
axe  quite  round  the  tree,  at  about  five  feet  from  the  ground. 
This,  of  cours*),  putt  an  end  to  vegetable  l\fe;  and  the  deitruc- 
tion  of  the  tree  being  accelerated  by  the  action  of  fire^  these 
wretched  trunks  in  a  year  or  two,  present  the  most  miterable 
olgects  of  decrepitude  that  can  be  Conceived.  The  purpoie, 
«1)owever,  of  the  fanner  is  gained,  and  that  in  all  he  can  be  ex- 
pect<4  to  look  to.    His  corn  crop  it  no  longer  ovenhaded  by 


tuntry  wai  co> 
wan,  we  could 
It  of  the  high 
af  time  imtnc- 

tef  ai  tho  atte 

I,  tide  by  aide, 
:  thoae  coming 
ible  land  about 
than  the  aur- 
:ho  line  of  the 
B  advantage  of 
Irie  for  a  fodder 
op  of  tho  ridgo 
evel  aomcwhat 
inificent  cxca- 
lenglh,  with  an 
jgh  a  compact, 
ixpenae  and  la- 

Bd." 

set  wide  at  the 
■e  are  83  locka 
le  elevation  of 
It  555  feot;  but 
I  662  feet." 
I  which  eacapes 
ghting  tempest 
logeniture.  and 
'*  a  wish,  when 
prejudiced  cen- 
ts, in  England, 
had  myaelf  re- 
ireviously  done 
,  a  sort  of  elcg^ 
of  venting  his 
iprovement. 
he  horror  with 
Bgnificent  trees 
very  Banquos 
ling  is  this:— a 
I  made  wiUi  an 
im  the  ground, 
ind  the  destruc- 
n<j/'jSr«,  these 
most  miterable 
The  purpose, 
U  he  can  oe  ex- 
overahsded  by 


M 

tho  leaves  of  these  unhappy  trees,  which,  in  procetj  qf  time, 
•re  cut  down  and  uplit  into  raitinga,  or  tmoed  into  bHI*t»  qf 
Jirewood,  and  their  miaery  it  at  an  end." 

Surely,  however  natural",  and  even  laudable,  It  may  be  to  cul- 
tivate an  almost  auperstitinua  reverence  fur  Urge  troea  in  Scot- 
land, where  their  acareity  induced  i)r.  Johnaon  to  despair  of  re- 
covering I*  BO  valuable  a  niece  of  timber,"  u  his  loat  cudgel, 
yet  Captain  Hall  ought  to  havo  gone  to  America  better  prepared 
to  command  his  feelings.  Even  in  Knglnnd,  Gray,— the  most 
sensitive  of  poets,— thought  this  '•  cutting  of  throats,"  a  not 
unpieasing  rural  image. 

"  How  bowed  the  wnodi,  bcnratli  tholr  •tuiil)  tUtikfl." 

Viewing  the  above  as  a  epecimen  of  the  tourial's  more  amb'- 
tlous  style,— on  which  he  haa  evid«nllv  put  forth  hia  wholo 
strength,— -wp  may  remark,  that  it  falls  far  abort  of  the  ce!e- 
brated  passage  which  he  evidently  htd  in  hia  eye  when  penning 
it  The  tranaition  ia  too  abrupt  from  the  rutting  down  to  the  ter- 
mination of  the  miaery,  without  noticing  the  intermediate  atagcs 
of  pain  and  degradation.  Swift  has  managed  the  matter  much 
better  and  deduced  a  fine  moral  leason. 

"  Thia  single  stick  which  you  now  behpld  in;tlorioualy  lying 
in  that  neglected  corner,  I  once  know  in  n  (InurishinK  atato  in  a 
forest;  it  was  full  of  sap,  full  of  leaves,  and  full  of  boughs,  but 
now,  &c.,"  **  at  length  worn  to  tho  atumpa  in  the  service  of 
the  maids,  it  is  either  thrown  out  of  doors,  or  condemned  to  tho 
laat  one  of  kindling  a  Are.  When  I  beheld  thin,  I  sighed,  and 
raid  within  myself,  aurely  man  i*  a  broomatick.  Nature  sent 
him  in:o  the  world  strong  and  luaty,  in  a  thriving  condition* 
wearing  hia  own  hair  on  his  head,  the  proper  branohea  of  this 
reasoning  vegeUble,  until  the  axe  of  intemperance,  kc."  (Me- 
ditations on  a  Broomatick.) 

But  CapUin  Hall  begins  to  snuff  the  air  of  Canada,  and  can- 
not be  longer  deUined.  «<  We  found  ourselves  once  more  in 
his  Majesty's  dominions,  after  having  paased  aix  weeka  in  the 
United  States."  His  joy  is  tumultuous.  '« The  air  we  breatheti 
seemed  different — the  sky,  the  land,  the  whole  scenery  appeared 
to  be  altered.  '*  It  is  impossible  to  avoid  some  miagivings  at  the 
burst  of  delight  with  whieh  he  thus  haila  his  escape,  ft  seems 
to  be  of  evil  omen  as  to  the  Iseling  with  which  we  may  expect 
him  to  re^mter  the  close  air  of  the  republic. 

At  Niagara,  he  expresses,  in  terms  adequately  inflated,  hit 
adnSiration  of  the  Falls.  We  feel  more  intereated,  and  alarmed, 
at  his  very  minute  advice  to  the  proprietor  of  Ooat  laland,  which 
almost  impends  COTri£cally  over  the  oataraot,  vis.-ii>«To  mako 
a  gravel  walk  all  round  thb  island,  broad  enough  foi'  three  per- 
sons to  walk  abreast;  to  open  //<//«  paths  in  (ue  direotioa  ofthe 
bat  sitaations  for  seeing  the  Falls,  and  having  put  down  balf*a< 


i 


\ 


too 


doien  eotHmoiiiaiu  Mat*  tt  tb«  i«id  poinU,  to  I«3T«  ill  Um  fMl 
to  lh«  ohoicfl  of  the  worthy  touriat*  thomMlvM."  (Vol.  i.  p< 
lUS.)  Should  tho  propristfir  ever  yS//  one  iteta  of  ihifi  uphoU 
■tflriRg  order,  we  tinoorely  hope  thai  ho  >n*y  bo  Ihroivn  ovor 
the  cauract  by  an  indignant  community.  Doubtieaa  Captain 
Hall  would  make  theao  '*  oommodiouo''  aoata  out  of  tha  graat 
fallen  black  oak! 

He  wntneaaed,  alao,  the  operaticne  at  the  propoaed  Wellaod 
Canal,  and  finding  **  all  the  loeka  conatnioted  of  wood,"  re* 
merka,  •<  It  alwavi  atnick  me  that  the  locka  on  the  Erie  or  Ne«v 
York  Canal,  micht  have  been  advintajnouaiy  made,  in  like  man* 
nor,  of  timber.'"  Much  caution,  we  fear,  U  neeeaaary  in  liaten- 
ing  to  uiir  touriat'a  advice,  whether  it  relate  to  Drimogeoiture, 
entaila,  oi-  wooden  locka.  Mr.  M'Taggart,  civil  engloeor,  in* 
apected  these  worka  three  month*  before  Captain  Hall  waa  tberev 
and  in  hia  recent  work,  renurka,  (vol.  ii.  p.  169,)  "Thie  report 
waa  not  very  well  received  by  the  abareholdera,  but  they  were 
quite  unable  to  deny  any  of  iu  atatementf,  tkey  would  wtrh 
away  at  tkty  had  doru,  regard^  of  my  remarka,  and  had 
the  felicity  of  obtwrving  aome  of  their  wooden  lock*  float  dovtn 
before  the  freahcts,  like  larg*  bird  oag«$f  into  Lake  Ontario." 

On  the  16th  July,  |afl7,  they  left  the  Falla,  and  prooeedod  by 
land  through  Canaida,  aa  far  aa  Kiugatoo  on  the  St  Lewvenee. 
The  equipage  ia  tbua  ci'  jcertbed:->'*  /br  want  qf  m  bttttr  eon- 
veyanee  we  were  obliged  to  travel  in  a  vebtole,  digniAed  by  the 
name  of  a  wagon,  but  which,  in  fliet,  wae  neither  more  oor  leae 
thaa  a  good,  honeat,  ratUiog,  open  eart."  On  the  third  day, 
**  the  axletvee  gave  way,  and  down  we  eenie  oa  our  broodside* 
A  dwelling  wia  near  at  hand,  but  upon  trying  th*  dowe  they 
were  found  aU  looked."  He  adda,  petheUeally,  "ThMf*  we 
were  left  in  the  middle  of  a  CanadiaB  foreet,  et  ai||bt-faU,,aur- 
rounded  by  awampa,  aonoroua  with  innnmarabk  Mk  froga*  and 
by  an  atmoephero  elogged  with  noxioue  vapoure*  and  cToud^wl 
with  moaehetoea."  At  length  tbey  got  "agKh  ki  notion, 
though  in  a  alill  leaa  mrfoifioaol  eouveyanee,  Uterally  a  eMnmon 
two-wheeled  £uw*ear^  with  nothieg  but  a  bunch  oi  atraw  to 
break  the  vioienee  of  the  jolta."  He  apeeka  thua  of  the  foad 
from  Credit  River  to  York:~**  Boiaf  formed  of  Ao  truoke  oS 
traee,  laid  croee  vrajMk  without  any  ooaling  of  earth  ar  stontik  il 
waa  mora  tk  >minaMT  jallv  than  ^qs  thing  a  Eoropaan  laMgina- 
tion  can  coneeive.  Over  ttiaaa  horribie  waaden  eaoaawaya,  teoh< 
nieally  oaUad  eovduoay  roa^  it  would  ba  ndaery  to  tiaval  In  any 
daaenjption  of  eairiaga;  bat  io  a  wagon  mr  oaiit,  with  aetlteg 
but  wooden  apMBge,  il  ia  auial  Ifyaag  to  av«j  jaiot  ia  eae'a 
f."   In  the  oxHBBTt,  and 


body, 
the 


oirav  aaeh  loada^  thogr  oaland  York 


capital  of  Upper  Canada.   Aa  IboSr  kA  thw  .plaia  nasi  maiOf 
the  L«th»  we  preauma  that  aOar  tha  joltiagaial  Iba  aorduny 


inc, 

FiMd«ir  beaida' a  <«'arintto''  exanioatiott  of  a»  ladka  yiUap^ 


wp 


•  ill  Um  Krt 

•'  (Vol.  I.  p. 
f  mift  uphoU 
ihroivn  over 
tteM  Captain 
of  ihii  grtat 

Md  WtllHOd 

wood,"  rt- 
Brio  or  No^ 
>  in  Hk«  man* 
iry  in  liHtn- 
imogooiture, 
infioMT,  in> 
ill  was  tkMr% 
•Thitroport 
at  thoy  w«r« 
would  icor* 
rki,  and  hod 
w  float  down 
a  Ontario." 
)rooetdodb7 
k.  Lavvfoneo. 
a  btUer  mm- 
;niA«d  by  tht 
nOM  DOT  loM 

I  third  day» 
If  broadsidt. 
¥  do«ra  thojr 
"ThMf*  w« 

S'lt'faUt^aur- 

and  cTottd  hI 
I  ka  in«tio% 
ly  a  a<Mnmon 
tofatrafw  !• 
I  of  tharoAd 
Jiatruokaof 
ar>atonaik  i^ 
faaaiaagina* 
mwwyttr  taoi* 
liWMiaaoj 

(Vith  MtltfBg 

aim  Uk  Mfi't 
MlandYork 

•  MBtmam^ 
Hwaordunjii 

dkn  TiUafi^ 


101 

through  whieh  thoy  had  paaaed,  thoy  could  hava  had  littlo  tin« 
or  apiritfl  fur  a  aurroy  of  the  Capital    W«  are  conatrainad,  ttwr** 
fore,  from  t.Hn  Captain's  total  ailonca,  to  pauaa  fur  ■  momont  in 
ordar  to  introduea  to  tb«  raador  information  froan  another  quar* 
tar,  which  will  ba  daenMNi,  at  laaat,  aqually  truatwurlhy;  via. 
Mr.  Talbot'a  "  Fiva  Vekra*  Kcaidance  in  Canada,"  publiahod  in 
London  in  Iflit4,  a  work  to  which  wo  ahall  again  have  oceat  on 
to  rafer.     Ha  will  aearcely  bo  axoeptod  to  on  the  ground  of  any 
hoatilo  political  biaa,  for  ha  informa  ua  that  ho  choat  CanaJa  aa 
•  reaidMnca  in  preforenoa  to  tha  United  Statoa,  beeauao  ho  wat 
■nwilliag  to  "  botooM  a  aubjoct  of  a  country  arowedly  hoatilo 
to  that  in  whioh  hia  family  had  for  many  eanturiea  flouriabed  in 
the  aunabina  of  Britiah  protection — to  aeparate  himaalf  for  aver 
from  Britiah  iaatitationt,  and  Britiah  lawa,  and  to  ba  compollod 
to  taaek  hia  litlhi  ebiklren  the  political  craad  of  a  rapublie,  for 
which  he  oould  bimaelf  nevor  feel  a  aantinwnt  of  attMhment)" 
■Bd  he  prolavM  to  le  well  aatiafiod  with  his  aalaeiion.     Thia 
gantlaman  atates  the  number  of  soula  in  Yor#to  be  1336,  and 
adda,  "  ile  who  irat  fixed  upon  this  spot  aa  the  aita  of  the  c** 
pital  of  Uppor  Canada,  whatever  predilection  ha  may  have  had 
ihr  the  roanng  of  frogs,  or  for  tha  effluvia  arising  from  stagnated 
watara  and  putrid  vegetablaa,  ean  derUinly  have  had  no  rtry 
great  refprd  for  preserving  tlie  livaaof  hia  Majeaty'a  aabjeeta.^? 
On  the  18th,  they  vmited  a  placa  called  Holland'a  Landing, 
"to  wttnaaa  the  annual  djatrioation  of  praaeala,  aa  thoy  ar« 
aallad,  aiade  by  Oovaramonl  to  the  Indiana."    Hera  they  stayed 
all  night,  and  the  Captain,  though  we  cuinot  divine  his  motive, 
aoMoa  to  hava  inventoried  the  furniture  of  the  house  in  whkh 
he  slept  with  all  that  mhutwaoaa  whieh  would  bo  so  commend* 
able  had  he  been  aeiaing  it,  aa  a  awom  offiear,  ander  a  laodlord'a 
warrant    Tharo  was,  in  brief,  "  pimly  "  ol  h;  it  waa  "  eom« 
iartablo"  anil "  hMidaoma,"  and  "  ahicfly  of  the  bml'»ayo  ma- 
ple."   The  house  may  ba  reaogniaad  hereafter,  by  any  futare 
trmrellar,  aa  «•  a  meat  agyraaaUa'^  one,  and  aa  baiag  «*aurrMinded 
bv  a  terf*  fhmer  sardai^  intatsnetad  io  aU  direetmia  by  well, 
ahadod  flpavel  and  turf  waUn."    Hia  nest  aantMiee  «  apindles 
nito  toogitado  immonaa,"  wall  eoneaponding  with  ita  exeufuv* 
obaraatar,  for  tto  «akjaet  b  to  state  that  from  om  ef  the  apart- 
mant^  »*mtinf^m^  plMad  oa  in  a  vefaodah.  aa  wide  m  tlw 
room  itaaV,  baonded  ki  Aont,  and  at  both  eods  by  ti«lli»werk, 
aft  tkiahly  twined  witii  kep  vinear  tkai  the  mso,  and  that  MtHl 
mm-  tnmUmim  imirmhit,  the  hlamny  glare  ef  a  led  hot  aky. 
had  no  ebaaee  fcr  adariaaioe,  wkib  the  bream  fsem  thegaiu 

«ry  w^  1/  MiMlatteia,  t{»er  pmtaing  thorn mgeniotu,  mn* 
H^eiai  mtftiin§o,  mUod  iaUin,  ftmmd  ^  nmt  oomtoA 
^^m  mAoutptnMUHfpktgvmt  h^f^  Hm  doon  mmdwini 
4mmv  Af*w  «*•  hmt^thfodajfrim  Ma  kottor  pmH^^ln^ 
mo.*    Ja  the  toth,  we  preamae  ttiey  raade  out  to  get  back  to 


ill 


103 

York,  tt  on  the  91it,  thejr  (ttrt  tt.«ne«  Tor  Kingaton.  (m  tmlu 
ting  th«  Clipittl  thay  wtr«  <li»powiil  lo  UiikH  «t  ihfl  nwful  m- 
counti  given  of  «ha  rot«l»,  •*«i(.no«ing  ih«t  ih«  prrviaua  jiiurnojr 
l)ctwoei.  the  ('rrdit  Kiver  tna  Vork,  h*'  brolinr.  u«  in  for  inf 
liigh-wnyii  •nd  by  wtya  vo  w.-ro  likely  «o  «nf!ounipi  iig«in.  In 
prucet*  of  tni,<>lling,  howiver,  u  Ihe  <U»'|ighl  faded,  our  hopM 
aubaidod.  Ths  riear  «nd  airy  country  .vaaeichango*!  lor  cIom, 
f.Uoky  wooda;  the  horrible  co  luroy  roada  again  madr  their  ap- 
p«amnca  in  •  more  formidaibic  ahapr,  by  th«i  addition  of  I'oepi 
inky  holea,  which  almoft  awallowod  up,  Lc."  "  I  ihall  not 
conipara  thia  evening^  drift  to  trotting  tip  or  down  a  pair  of 
■taira,  fjr  in  that  caae  there  wbuld  ho  aonic  kind  of  regularit)r 
in  the  dcvclopnirnt  of  the  bumpa,  but  with  ua  there  waa  no 
wa«ning — nopeu-u."  Nor  were  their  p*"ila  merely  »'  jm  by 
land,  on  this  ifrat  day 'a  Journey  from  the  Capital.  •'  On  reach- 
ing Mio  «|.ot  where  a  ftrtdgr  imre  atood^  but  aiood  no  longer, 
tve  obwrvcd  a  lijjle  ooy  paddling  «n  a  carsoc  "  With  the  aid  of 
the  boy  they  gofover,  ••  one  at  a  time,"  end  •«  the  horae  was 
♦owed  acroa"  aecundum  artem.  by  the  noae — ar.  operation  of 
iomc  delicacy,  both  to  actora  and  apectatore."  The  carriage  waa 
dragged  acroaa;  "  but  tho  united  atrength  of  all  the  party,  males 
and  fomalea,  old  and  young,  cor;ibtred,  could  not  hvf\n9  it  more 
than  a  foot  ou.  of  the  w»t«r."  At  length,  by  *a  Ingenioua  con- 
trivance, it  was  drawn  '« triumphantly  to  land."  Iiut  the  effort 
had  oxhau«tc'.l  them.    "  We  reached  our  aleeping  plico  fatigued 

to  the  la.*>  ft"*?"  ^«**  ^*y  ^^''^  -"'y*  ^^*y  •"'*«'*'  •'  *^'>- 
burg,  diatanl "  torty-Uiree  milea,  in  thirteen  houra,  of  at  >ough 
travelling  as  ever  waa  performed  by  w'leeled  carringe."  On  the 
way  they  fell  in  with  o  fitid  pr»mclier,  *«  a  tall,  aallcw,  anxious- 
looking  man,  of  the  Methodiat  perauaaion,  as  we  were  informed, 
dreMe4  in  a  loose  surtout  coat,  of  a  pt<  fnle  eoloui,  with  a  yellow 
ailk  handkerchief  tied  round  his  head.'*  Captain  Hall  renarks, 
"  In  those  wild  regions,  where  no  towns,  'tni  n'j^  many  vil- 
lage* are  yet  to  be  found,  placrs  of  regular  worship  are  oecea- 
•arily  '  few  and  far  between,'  and  theae  itinerant  preachers,  in 

Suite  rj  ao;.%e  o.  uaiom  J  extravagancies,  must,  upon  the  whole, 
0  good."  He  apeaka  of  "that  large  class  of  pei-aona  in  the 
country  through  which  wo  were  travelling,  many  of  whom,  but 
for  auch  occanont  aa  these,  would  otherwiee  be  UJt  Altogether 
without  public  worship.  For  we  can  eaaily  bniieve  that  in  the 
midst  of  the  woods,  where  the  population  are  employed  all  the 
week  long  at  hard  labour,  and  the  DeighbourhooJ  is  but  scantily 
aettled,  there  can  be  very  little  or  none  of  that  example,  or 
that  public  opinion,  .vhieb  are  found  ao  effieaoioua  elaewhere 
to  encourage  good  morals,  and  to  check  bad  habtts.  Under 
■uch  cireumatances  there  v^ill,  almo«t  of  necessity,  ht  little  at- 
tention  paid  to  theae  duties,  which  ought  to  be  psnunoiiot  to 
•II  othera,  but  which  often  require,  unfortunately,  moat  ensou- 
raf^ment  and  assistance,  where  the  means  of  lending  auch  aids 


I  - 

V 

I 


t 


■iP**M|"i 


tf^m 


I.  l»n  auit<< 
lift  awful  ftc< 
QUI  jvurMy 
■  in  for  an 3' 
I  MgRJn,  In 
li,  uur  hopei 
i!<l  lor  cloM, 
iitr  their  ap- 
ion  of  I'oep, 
'  I  ihall  not 
wn  a  pair  of 
)f  reKularity 
tare  waa  no 
ly  »'  )a«  bjr 
"On  raach- 
no  longer, 
th  the  aid  of 

0  home  waf 
operation  of 
rarriaf(p  waf 
party,  male* 
M<ge  it  more 
i;enioua  con* 
iut  the  cObrt 
CO  fatigued 
rived  at  Co- 

of  aa  louAh 
fl."  On  tKe 
ow,  anxious- 
re  iriforniedy 
ith  a  yellow 
[all  renarka, 
.»  many  vil-- 
ip  are  neces- 
)reacherf,  in 
m  the  ioholtf 
i-aona  in  the 
if  whom,  but 
'/  Attugethtr 
re  that  in  the 
loyed  all  the 

1  but  acantily 
example,  or 
lit  elaewhere 
\iit.     Under 

be  little  at- 
IMramoiint  to 
moat  ensou- 
ing  nicb  aid* 


10.1 

•rt  amalleat.  Every  ihinK.  ther«fori«,  which  alitnuUtea  people 
to  romti  Icinother  oxpnuaty  foraueh  a  purpuM—iio  tnntirr  how 
G^uf'J  thf  ma  i.'i.-r  f.'i.'iy  aomstime*  he  in  which  ihe  icrvice  i« 
eondtmed— .7H«/  prove  benc&eial." 

Mr.  Talbot,  klao,  lamanta  thia  a^ato  of  thinga,  und  Kivea  "a 
i«'.v  practifil  illiialraliona  of  Canadian  niornlity,  and  of  Ihf  prox- 
imate caiiM.  of  the  groa9nea\  i\f  innnnrra,  and  of  thn  teml-bar- 
harum,  which  »re  "nuch  too  nreralent"  Mr.  iluakiarun,  whilat 
Colonial  HeereUry,  remarke<1,  in  the  llouae  of  Comniona,  na  to 
tho  inatt(«nlion  to  HJucation  in  Canada.  '•  Thia  ia  a  Mtij^ot 
never  thought  of.  In  (loint  of  fact,  tho  atateof  ihinfta  i8^*,"^», 
that  tho  atitllera  feel  nioro  diapuaed  to  eonnecl  ihemaolvea  with 
»hoae  diatHlcta  which  border  oo  the  United  Stalci,  whnro  Uiey 
fltn  better  have  their  umntt  '{f  thia  tlraeription  luiiplifld,  und 
receive  tho  bonofiln  of  the  mtminiatmtion  i\f  Juatter,  than  to 
remain  in  tho  country  to  which  thty  owe  alUgiance*'  (Uoliate 
of  i^'aa.) 

On  the  fl3d  July,  1^97,  they  prorced^l  to  visit  the  Settlement, 
formed  by  the  Inali  KnuKranta,  acnt  to  Canada,  by  tho  Ilriliah 
Goyeinrnent,  in  18)15.  The  diatanee,  thirty  miteN  waa  got  ovor 
in  aiiteen  houra  and  a  half,  and  lh«y  roachod  the  no*vly  orectcd 
Vjliage  of  Peterborough,  "  incrn  «lcad  •hnii  alivo  with  fatigue." 
Hia  over  active  miad  ♦.hi*  day  auggeaU  a  valuable  idea  on  the 
subject  of  harneaa.  «•  When  we  had  got  half  way,  the  wagon 
broke  down;  but  fortunately  it  waa  in  our  power  to  repair  the 
miachiof,  hy  knotting  a  cout>le  of  ailk  handkerohiufa  togotlier, 
which,  by  the  by,  on  auch  uccaaiona,  mako  a  very  good  rope." 
He  dwetia  much  on  the  aettlemQnt,  and  conaidora  the  experimont 
to  havo  proveil  very  aucceaaful.  *•  There  were  2084  actllora 
•ent  by  Oovcrnmei.t,  in  I8jI3,  at  the  toul  coat  of  84/.  fl*.  4</., 
per  head,  each  family  being  aupplied  with  proviaiona  for  fifteen 
nontha,  and  a  hundred  acroa  of  land,  beaidca  a  cov,  and  other 
minor  aide. "  Kia  information  waa  derived  from  the  Olliccrs  of 
thfc  Ealabliahment,  from  the  owncra  of  property  in  the  neigh- 
bourhood, and  from  autne  of  the  emigranta.  A  convcraation 
with  one  of  the  laat  ia  aufficiently  characteriatic.  "  The  Agent 
happened  one  day  to  meet  an  ol^  man  in  the  village,  and  know- 
ing him  to  bo  a  shrewd  person,  and  well-informed  upon  all  that 
had  paaaed,  he  thought  hia  converaation  might  serve  my  pur- 
poses. He,  therefore,  aaid  to  tho  emigrant,  that  a  gent'emnn 
had  arrived,  who  wiahcd  to  ||ut  aome  queationa  to  him.  The 
old  boy  immediately  took  alarm,  leat,  as  he  said,  the  gentleman 
had  come  to  interfere  with  his  property,  or  to  bother  him  in 
some  way  he  did  know  wh*t.  •  fVhat  shall  I  sat/  to  the  gen- 
tleman, sirP  was  his  first  question.  '  Why,  Cornelius,*  aaid 
the  Agent,  « tell  the  truth.'  •  Oh  I  yes,  sir,  I  know  that  very 
well,  of  course,  we  must  si  ways  tell  the  truth,  but  if  I  only 
knew  what  the  gentlemiin  wanted,  I  would  know  whinh  way 


h 


f^ 


MF 


Mp/m^-Ktw^ntm.  i 


u 


104 

to  ansioer.*  *  I  don't  know  what  you  mean,  CornBliiis,'  •".id 
the  Af^ent  'Oh!  sir,  jfou  know  quitt  well  whaS  I  mean. 
Should  f  overstate  matters,  air,  or  should  I  undersiute  them? 
Shall  I  make  thing'i  appear  Utter  or  wni^as  than  they  are?*" 
It  is  amusing  to  note  now  soon  thid  shrewd  old  Irishman  fa- 
thomed our  Captain.  The  latter  hud  jufct  spoken  before  of  ita 
being  «  a  principal  object,"  that  the  emigrants  should,  '*  turn  out 
loyal  and  grateful  subjects  of  their  kinj.  '  He  is  not  a  momoot 
in  conversation  with  the  old  man,  betore  Oorneliuci  breaks  out, 
**(hjl^  yes!  to  be  sure  I  am!  we  owe  every  thing  in  tiio  world 
tdMie  Government — that  is,  to  the  king,  his  msjesty,  long  life 
to  him!"  Another  of  thcie  '<odd  fellows,"  Gaught|  in  a  mo- 
ment, at  the  Captain's  foible,  as  a  Seotehm«(i,—hi8  admirslion 
of  large  trees.  "  I  atood  for  u>me  time  admiring  it,  and  think- 
ing what  a  pity  it  nas  that  such  a  glorious  tree  should  be  felled 
to  the  esrth,  and  still  more,  that  it  snould  be  afterwards  chopped 
up  and  burnt  along  with  vulgar  pine  logs."  He  entreats  the 
owner  to  spare  it.  "  VwY  well,  sir!  very  well!  it  shall  be  yours 
from  this  moment;  and  if  you  will  give  me  leave  it  shall  bear 
your  name.'  and  a  fence  thall  be  put  round  it!  and  while  I 
have  breath  in  my  body  there  it  shall  stand,  you  may  be  sure, 
and  even  after  me,  if  my  children  will  respect  their  father's 
wishes.  Do  you  hear  ihat^  boys?"  The  Captain  complacent- 
ly adds,  <*  1  h«ve  einco  received  a  letter  frorn  a  JHetid  in  that 
quarter  of  ihc  worldf  in  which  the  following  passage  occurs: 
*"  I  have  been  over  to  see  the  good  folks  at  Peterborough  apd 
Douro,  since  you  left  us.  Your  visit  there  with  Mrs.  Hall,  is 
held  in  the  most  pleasing  recollection;  and  Welsh,  the  Irish  emi- 
grant, vows  eternal  vengeance  against  any  one  that  shall  dare  to 
do  the  least  injury  *«j  Captain  HalPs  oak!' " 

Surely  the  savages  of  Loo  Choo  deserve  little  credit  for  hav- 
ing quizzed  our  tourist  so  egregiously  ab  it  Mems  to  i>d  now  ad- 
mitted they  did. 

Human  felicity  is,  at  best,  imperfenl.  Thus,  it  leaks  out  with 
regard  to  theoe  Settlers:  "  1/  there  bad  been  any  thing  inju- 
dicious,  it  consisted  in  giving  people,  accustomed  to  very  scanty 
fare,  too  ample  an  allowance  of  food.  This  over  iudfilgenee, 
not  oniy  hurt  the  /Uaith  of  the  people.,  but  tended  io  some  de- 
gree to  slotsken  the  indi'i'ioual  exertions  of  the  settlers  to  main- 
tain themselves."  One  of  Captain  Hall's  correspondents  says, 
(vol.  i.  p.  SS5,)  *'  From  observ^ion,  1  tHink  the  Government 
did  too  much  for  these  already  out,  and  still  the  committee  pro> 
pose  to  do  t(M>  »nuch  for  any  that  may  Itt  sent  out;  they  atv  '•"t 
Uft  to  find  resottrce  from  their  own  industry  end  energy. 
While  the  rations  Iwt,  tit^ny  of  the  emigrfinti  maka  little  exw- 
fioR,  and  dispose  cffood  they  have  not  been  used  to,  such  as 
norf>}  for  whiskey,  thei^by  inioring  their  confetitutioas  and  m«- 
nH  and  fixing  foF  a  time  bablta  of  Hteness."    Another  tpeak- 


i*:."^ 


SB'-UVTliiaiJ..'ti-'-iih-  „  .l..,..,f  J.-tia-iun.r,.^Mlrri.     ■-..  ;.4^-,.|^.»i.' ■ 


A 


•neliiiB,'  frid 
\aS  I  mean, 
rsiute  them? 
they  are?'** 
Iriahman  fa- 
bafore  of  ita 
lid,  '*  turn  out 
ot  a  momoot 
I  bresks  out, 
jn  tlio  world 
Bty,  long  life 
ht.  in  a  mo- 
8  admirslion 
t,  and  think- 
luld  be  felled 
irds  chopped 
entreats  the 
ihall  be  yours 
it  shall  bear 
and  while  I 
may  be  sure, 
their  father's 
complacent- 
ietul  in  that 
■sage  occurs: 
borough  apd 
Mrs.  Hall,  is 
he  Irish  emi> 
shall  dare  to 

*edtt  for  hav- 

0  bd  now  ad- 

saka  out  with 

thing  inju~ 

J  very  scanty 

indfflgence, 

1  in  some  de- 
ers  to  main- 
Dndents  says, 
OoTernment 
mmittee  pro> 
thejf  atv  ""^e 
cndmtrgy. 
Ld  little  exvr- 
i  to,  such  aa 
Jons  and  om- 
iiother  speak- 


105 

Irg  of  the  Irish,  gpncrally,  remarks,  "  Douro  settlers  arc,  at 
present,  all  !rinh;  and  though  doing  very  well,  yet  from  their 
former  indolent  habits  they  nave  not  exerted  themnelves  as  much 
as  they  might,  being  addicted  to  ^king  a  little  too  much  whis- 
key, and,  oy  doing  so,  lose  a  great  deal  of  lime.     A  thousand 
arguments  might  b«  produced  in  favour  of  mixing  English  and 
Scots  settlers,  with  the  Irish  here,  not  so  much  for  their  mode 
of  farming,  as  from  the  good  example  they  would  give  of  so- 
briety, regularity,  morality,  and  steadines!«;  not  fond  of  visit- 
ingt  card-playing,  carousing,  or  party  spirit     Great  benefits 
would  arise  from  a  number  of  Scots  emigrnnti  being  introduced 
amongst  the  Irish.    Tfi^y  are  proverbial  for  fpotl  conduct,"  &c. 
The  benefits  conferred  by  this  Settlement  upon  the  **  gentle- 
men in  the  neighbourhood,"  on  whose  testimony  Captain  Hall 
greatly  relies,  may  be  judged  of  by  a  passage  in  a  letter  from 
one  of  them,  (vol.  i.  p.  319,)  in  which  he  declares,  that  he  was 
about  to  abandon  the  neighbourhood,  when  "  Mr.  P.  Robinson 
came  to  my  house,  and  mentioned  to  me  his  intention  nf  bring- 
ing up  the  emigrants,  to  these  back  townships.     At  unce  we 
gave  up  every  idea  of  removing,  the  clotiJs  dispersed,  all  our 
difficulties  seemed  to  be  over."    The  account  which  the  sflme 
person  gives  of  his  previous  troubles  is  sufficiently  pitiable. 
Some  kind  friends  had,  it  seems,  prepared  tJie  '*  new  abode"  of 
himself  and  family,  in  the  woods,  but  "  there  was  nr  partition 
put  up;  even  on  the  floors,  the  boards  were  scarcely  sufficient 
to  prevent  the  children's  feet  from  going  through.     When  wo 
fet  about  to  prepare  our  beds  we  found  the  floor  covered  above 
an  inch  thick  with  ice,  of  which  we  removed  as  much  as  we 
c<Mtld  with  axes  and  spades,  and  then  put  a  layer  of  chips  and 
shavings,  upon  which  we  spread  nur  mattresses  and  blankets; 
then,  having  hung  up'  some  blankets  at  the  doors,  and  also  for 
partitions,  we  lay  down  to  rest,  being  pretty  well  fatigued;  and, 
upon  lookins  upwards  from  our  beds,  we  saw  the  sky  through 
tiie  roof,  and  have  often  during  the  time  we  lay  in  that  manner, 
amused  ourselves  watching  the  stars  passing,  atid  others  reap- 
pearing."    The  snow,  at  Uiis  period  of  star.gazing,  was,  he  as- 
nerts,  *< nearly  knee  deep."    He  was  on  the  point  of  being  burnt 
out  in  consequence  of  the  fashion  of  buildins  chimneys  with 
cross  stickS)  plastered  with  clay;  "  but  this  had  been  built  in  se- 
vere frost,  so  that  the  clay  did  not  adhere*  and  the  sticks  caught 
fire.*'    For.  food,  they  **  were  gled  to  gather  any  wild  plants 
whioh^  we  were  told  eou!d  be  safely  used  as  greens. "    "  We  have 
often  used  tea  made  of  the  young  shoots  cf  the  hemlock  pine." 
**  I  have  gone  eat  wtith  my  ox-team,  and  a  man  to  forage  t  (vol. 
i  p.  317,)  and  after  travelling  an  entire  day,  returned  with  a  cou* 
pie  of  she«>  that  had  not  a  pound  of  fiit  upon  them,  a  little  pork, 
and  a  few  rowls,  aixl  when  cioesing  the  river  just  oeur  my  house, 
bafe  been  oear  losing  the  whole  cai^*  by  the  etrovg  curreot.'' 

14 


i"!    'f. 


i3 


HiMiiii 


J. 


*i'- 


•ip 


lod 

'*  My  wife  was  confined,  and  I  had  to  send  fifteen  miles  for  a 
nurse-tender,  who  reached  us  with  much  difficulty,  as  she  was 
obliged  to  walk  through  woods  wj^ere  no  road  had  aver  been  cut, 
and  to  be  carried  sometime|  across  swamps,  and  lifted  over 
large  logs. "  No  wonder  the  poor  man  was  rejoiced,  when  Mr. 
Peter  Robinson  came  at  last  to  deliver  the  whole  family. 

We  are  very  far  from  wishing  to  go  into  the  history  of  this 
Irish  Settlement  as  disclosed  in  the  Parliamentary  Documents. 
Our  objert  has,  merely,  been  to  exhibit  Captain  Hall's  powers 
in  the  weighing  of  testimony,  and  the  eagerness  with  which  he 
listened  to  clamorous  professions  of  "^  loyalty,''  on  the  part  of 
those,  who,  from  his  own  showing,  were  ready  to  go  into  the 
other  extreme,  had  they  discovered  a  wish  that  matters  should 
be  «  understated."  The  interest  of  the  Agent  and  the  other 
Officers,  who  have  charge  of  these  out-pensioners  of  Great  Bri- 
tain, in  representing  the  project  as  successful,  and  as  claiming 
the  farther  countenance  of  the  Government,  is  obvious.  The 
Settler  to  whom  the  Agent  referred  Captain  Hall  for  informa- 
tion made  rather  an  Irish  blunder,  it  is  true;  but  what  do  we  un- 
derstand by  his  telling  that  officer  to  his  face,  that  he  **  knew 
very  well,"  what  was  meant  by  asking  for  a  cue  as  to  oversta- 
ting or  understating?  We  need  not,  surely,  remark  on  the  mo- 
tives of  the  people  in  the  neighbourhood  for  wishing  to  keep  up 
an  establishment,  which  not  only  had  brought  settlers  amongst 
them,  and  caused  an  enormous  disbursement  of  public  money, 
but  whose  continuance  led  every  day  to  an  increase  of  these 
comfortable  incidents.  Yet  on  such  testimony,  our  tourist  makes 
this  flourishing  assertion,  "  The  univeraal  satisfaction  expressed 
by  these  people  is  creditable  to  the  Statesman,  I  believe  Mr. 
Wilmot  Horton,  who  devised  the  experiment,  to  Mr.  Peter  Ro- 
binson, bv  whose  skill  and  patience  it  was  carried  through  its 
many  difficulties,  and,  also,  to  the  good  sense,  moderation,  and 
industry  of  the  poor  emigrants  themselves." 

Captain  Hall's  opportunities  of  forming  an  opinion  may  bo 
jud{^  of  from  the  length  of  his  stay, — a  fact,  by  the  way,  which 
it  requires  us  to  look  very  closely  into  his  book  to  ascertain. 
If,  indeed,  we  could  believe  him  capable  of  a  paltry  artifice, 
there  would  seem  an  anxiety  that  this  fact  should  not  be  readily 
discoverable.  He  abandons,  suddenly,  the  form  of  journalizing, 
and  the  day  ot  tho  month  disappears  for  sixty  pages.  He  ssys, 
**l  went  during  my  »tay  as  much  ss  possible  amongst  the  set- 
tlers, /reguentty  alone,  aometimes  with  the  agent,  and  teverol 
/tme*  with  the  clergyman.  1  had,  also,  many  opportunities  of 
conversing  with  gentlemen,  &a."  In  speaking  of  his  conversa- 
tion with  **  ComeUus,"  he  prefaces  it  by  saying,  (p.  286,  vol 
i.^  The  Agent  happened  one  day  to  meet  an  old  man  in  the 
village,  and  knowing  him  to  be  a  shre  ^  person,"  &c.  Far- 
ther ont  (pk  S90,)  hf  says,  *<0n  thv.  i  4th  of  July,  I  tooK  » 


■  -  iiT<ftlfr^-ann-^ 


jy^JM^:^''^-  :i|Kiiii4i  ill '  'i '  iiiiii'i<-^-i 


■Jni|p|AMMbiM«P<0H 


miles  for  n 
as  she  was 
er  been  cut, 
lifted  over 
I,  when  Mr. 
mily. 

itory  of  this 
Documents, 
all's  powers 
th  which  he 
the  part  of 
go  into  the 
tters  should 
id  the  other 
f  Great  Bri- 
i  as  claiming 
«riou8.  The 
for  informa* 
It  do  we  un- 
t  he  **  knew 
8  to  oversta- 
c  on  the  mo* 
g  to  keep  up 
len  amongst 
iblic  money, 
sase  of  these 
curist  makes 
un  expressed 
believe  Mr. 
[r.  Peter  Ro- 
through  its 
leration,  and 

nion  may  be 
s  way,  which 
to  ascertain, 
iltry  artifice, 
ot  be  readily 
journalizing, 
».  He  says, 
>ngst  the  set- 
,  and  aeveral 
Mrtuoitiec  of 
his  conversa- 
(p.  286,  vol. 
d  man  in  the 
"  &c.  Far- 
ly,  I  took  » 


\    ^ 


107 

long  ride,"  &o.  Now  it  would  scarcely  occur  to  the  reader 
after  what  had  gone  before,  unless  he  watched  narrowly,  that 
this  very  84th  July,  was  in  fact,  the  only  day  that  the  Captain 
had  an  opportunity  of  seeing  the  Settlement.  Yot  such  is  the 
fact  He  reaches  the  place  on  the  night  of  the  83rd,  "  more 
dead  than  alive,"  (p.  880>881.  On  the  84th,  he  takes  a  long 
ride,  (p.  890.)  On  the  next  day,  S5th,  he  "  intended  to  have 
resumed  these  researches,  but,  it  raiptd  so  violently,  that  we 
were  confined  most  of  the  morning  within  doors.  About  noon 
it  olearcd  up:  but  the  paths  cut  by  the  settlers  through  the  fo- 
rest, were  now  mostly  ecvered  with  water,  and  rendered  so  slip- 
pery and  clammy,  that  walking  was  scarcely  possible.  Every 
bough  that  was  touched,  sent  down  such  a  shower  of  drops  that 
I  got  soundly  ducked,  before  reachinga  shsnty  in  the  thicket, 
where  I  found  a  hardy  fellow,"  &c.  This  hardy  fellow  is  the 
one  on  whose  premises  **  Cu^in  Hall's  oak"  stands,  and  it  is 
apparent,  that  his  examinatili  was  not  farther  pursued,  but  that 
he  returned  to  guard  against  the  consequences  of  his  sound  duck- 
ing. Then  occurs  a  long  and  deceiving  space  filled  with  letters, 
&e.  until  we  reach  p.  347.  He  arrived  at  Kingston  on  the  88th, 
(p.  349. )  His  intermediate  movements  are  thus  traced.  It  had 
occupied  the  whole  of  the  83d,  startinarearly  and  arriving  late, 
to  reach  the  settlement  from  Coburg.  The  return  journey  must 
have  been  on  the  86th,  and  it  took  at  least  as  much  time;  for  the 
vehicle  broke  down  twice,  (p.347,)and  they  had  to  walk  six  miles, 
(ib.k  "  In  the  course  of  the  next  morning,"  87th,  (ib.)  4hey  meet 
witPa  disaster  Whilst  travelling  by  land.  At  the  Bay  of  C^uinte, 
they  took  the  water,  and  on  the  88th,  reached  Kingston,  (p.  S49.) 

Thus,  as  we  have  said,  Captain  Hall  enjoyed  but  a  single  day's 
observation,  and  yet  a  cursory  reader  could  hardly  fail  to  be  mis- 
led by  the  confasing  circumstances  to  which  we  have  referred, 
and,  in  particular,  by  the  leisurely  lounging  way,  in  which  he 
speaks  of  meeting, "  one  day,"  a  very  shrewd  settler.  The  ques- 
tion then,  becomes  one  of  Hours.  We  must  bear  in  mind  that 
the  Captain  is  a  very  late  riser  (vol.  i.  p.  399;)  he  has  no  idea  of 
getting  up  with  "  the  stupid  cocks  who  have  nothing  else  to  do 
but  crow."  (ib.) 

He  must  take  his  breakfast  before  starting,  (p.  400,)  and  that 
meal  with  him  is  a  « looK  desultory  sort  of"  one  (p.  401.)  Af- 
ter breakfast  he  must  be  allowed  time  to  '<  think  of  shaving"  (ib.) 
before  he  can  make  up  his  mind  to  that  important  operation.  He 
defends  his  system  on  £picurean  principles,  and  is  of  opinion 
that  **  We  leisurely  travellers,  who  despise  and  abhor  the  idea 
of  getting  over  the  stage  before  branAfastt  in  the  end  to  do 
jost  as  much  as  your  early  stirring  folks;  with  this  difference, 
that  we  maVu  the  journey  a  pleasure — they,  a  toil"  (p.  399.) 
It  must  be  recollected,  also,  that  he  had  reached  the  Irish  set- 
Uement,  the  night  before,  "more  dead  than  alive  with  fa> 
tigue,"(p.  S81)~-aa  apology  fwfeven  unusual  indulgence.  Sup- 


f 


1 


/''Uf 


':! 


t ' 


ill 


mmm 


■OTMMP 


'« 


108 

posing,  however,  our  Captain  fairly  in  the  field  on  the  94tb,  t 
great  deal  of  time  in  to  be  de(tu(*ted  before  we  can  arrive  nt  any 
thing  like  a  true  eMinateof  the  portion  of  it  devoted  to  the  Irian 
aeltjfra;  'I'hus,  on  the  same  day,  he  viaited  **8everal  older  ec> 
tabli8hmentfs"(p-  4290,)  at  one  of  which  he  found  **  an  old 
Scotchman,  from  Banff,  with  a  jolly  red  noae,  in  ahape  and  00- 
Icur  like  the  aweet  potatoe  of  that  country,  a  proaing  old  body, 
who  bri«^htened  tip,  however,  amazingly,  when  I  tolohim  where 
1  came  from,  and  I  had  much  ado  to  eaeane  a  aound  doae  of  whie- 
key  which  he  wished  to  force  upon  me  tor  countryman's  sake." 
He  went,  also,  to  Smith's  Town,  "aneatabliahmentofemigrantf 
of  nine  years'  standing."  If  we  subtract,  farther,  the  nscesaa- 
ry  time  for  meals,  from  which  Captain  Hali<will  not  be  drawn 
for  love  or  money,  we  may  be  able  to  judge  of  the  opportunity 
he  enjoyed  of  forming  •an  opinion  with  regard  to  a  Settlement 
of  Two  Thousand  and  Twenty<jfiour  persona  **  soattered  over 
an  extensive  diatrict  of  rountry.'^p.  885.) 

Judging  of  this  Settlement  from  other  sourees  of  information) 
we  are  led  to  believe  Uw  Captain'a  impresaiona  to  be  aa  errone- 
ous aa  they  were  hastily  formed.  Mr.  Southey,  in  hia  reoent 
Colloquiea,  after  referring  minutely  to  the  Parliamentary  Doou* 
mcnts,  ccnsiders  it  to  have  "  failed  as  to  its  primary  purpoae," 
and  in  reference  to  the  numbers  who  have  '*  availed  themaelvea 
of  the  assistance  of  the  parishes,  or  of  the  State,  only  for  the 
flake  of  a  passage,  at  the  pubKc  expense,  to  thia  promiaed  land," 
(the  United  States,)  he  adda,  "  I  do  not  ace  h^w  any  suchMOO)* 
sideration  should  affect  the  policy  of  the  government  wlln  re- 

Sird  to  what  is  deemed  its  surplus  population,  unleas  it  were  bjr 
irecting  its  emigrants  rather  to  Sooth  Afrioa  and  Anstnlii, 
than  to  its  North  Ameriran  possessions. '^  Captain  HaH  hiin<> 
self,  in  returning  from  Canada  to  the  United  States,  aaya,  pee- 
vishly, thftt  there  was  on  board  the  Steam-boat,  "  a  large  |Mrty 
of  Irish  emigrants,  who.  ^or  retuons  bett  knoum  to  tktmHlves^ 
had  not  chosen  to  settle  m  Canada,  but  to  toanilar  farther  sonth 
in  quest  of  fortune." 

In  a  yet  nore  recent  wcrk,  ("Three  Years  in  Canada,  by 
John  M'Taggarf,  Civil  Engineer,"  (vol.  ii.  p.  848,)  we  find  the 
following  remarka:-— *VL«t  some  pi|an,  therefore,  be  found-  to 
keepthfese  people  in  bread  at  home;  and  I  think  it  is  poaaiUeto 
find  out  one  Perhaps  I  may  be  conaidered  too  severe  on  this 
subject,  and  were  I  not  speaking  from  praetical  experiemSe  the 
accuracy  of  my  statements  might  be  doubted.  The  Iriah  land- 
holder and  the  philanthropist  are  also  its  wivoeatest  the  0rsty  be- 
cause it  tends  to  rid  hia  unfortunate  country  ef  a  portion  of  fto 
misery;  the  second,  for  the  same  reason,  with  this  addition;  that 
while  it  weeda  misery  out  of  Irebnd,  it  does  not  plaatit  in  Ca- 
nada— whieh  ir  not  the  fact,  for  it  does  plant  ii  there,  and  in  a 
more  melancholy  point  of  vie««." 

Nothing  remarkable  happened  to  the  C^ptetn  ea  bia  paiiiga 


the  94th,  • 
irrivfl  at  anr 
I  to  the  Irith 
ral  older  ec* 
id  **  an  old 
lape  and  co' 
ig  old  body, 
ifhiin  where 
loae  of  whi** 
nan's  sake." 
ofemigranti 
the  nsceaaa^ 
ot  be  drawn 
opportunity 
I  Settlement 
lattered  over 

information) 
M  aa  errooe^ 
I  hia  reoent 
sntary  Docu* 
•y  purpoae," 
1  themanlvei 
only  for  the 
miaedland," 
ly  8ucli|pon>< 
icnt  wim  r** 
M  it  were  by 
d  Aostnlia, 
n  HaH  him'- 
18,  aaya,  p«e- 
I  large  fMrty 
I  tkeiruelvUf 
farther  sonth 

Canada,  by 
)  we  find  the 
be  found-  to 
is  poMiUe  to 
37ere  on  thif 
[periemSe  the 
e  Iriah  laad> 
;  thefirstybe- 
tortion  erf'  ito 
dditiont  that 
kat  it  in  Ce* 
»re,  and  in  a 

t  hkipaiiigi 


^ 


from  the  Iriah  ■etllawH»^ 
his  party  were  aaved  en  > 
titude"  of  an  AnMrieen  4 
when  in  a 

At  Kinipton  he  took  «f  Mlht 
**  did  acarcely  any  thing  elM, 
dOtb  of  July.'*     He  thei 
reached  Kingrton  apin, ' 
the  Sd  of  AugoM,  and,  i 
Lake  to  the  Americear  ah 
the  St.  Lawrenee.     He 
tended  a  pubii«  diMler»^ 
vanity  of  the  oratecj  iMi  I 
tion  of  ioaerting  it    "^rUl^i 
diacleaea  the  teropev 
United  Stalte%  boti 
ia  very  ankioue  to 
your  blunt, 
atitutional  inabili^loi 
who,  though  a  aaikitv  '**  ^ 
dent."    We  have 
in  Cinada.     We  i 
none  of  that  9xaiaple(ie#' 
ao  effieaeioua,  elaewbtw^' 
bad  habita."    The  oi 
the  woodad  where  he  1 
was  **u  locae  iaHaal'4 
■ilkhandkerehiertkid>i 
sence  of  any  thing  baHili'l 
**  iUnerant  praeehem  i        ' 
eirtravagaoMcik"    19f^A 

Its  leadiDg4Hid  J 
dej^ndenee,^' ae 
whieh  ere  iavolwid  kl 
tio:  **  For  my  {tart  I 
nun  to  wotth  u  J^.** 
eiordine!i,aBd  the4 
was  intMrrepI^  bjM 
a  jHusud  KatHMMMwa 
■iay  attdien^x  '*  ■■ "  -  ■^i'^'* 

shouM  fitoKahly«M  ' 
•weir  he  wo^hl  ka  • 
employneht,'*  k#  i 
be  peraotoat,  if  I  < 
aard  leo^nc'ease  14 
Cankdaa.    BotM^J 
kandt  I  ahaH  aay  ii»^ 


li  the  Hrea  of 
nil  and  promp* 
ited  the  vehicle 

fatal." 
)ock<yard,  and 

sleep,  till  the 
Niagara,  and 
Jooveyance,  on 
lion  across  the 

lu  to  descend 

(t  day,  and  at- 

I,  thanks  to  the 

kist  the  tempta- 

^>ience  not  only 

towards  the 

purpoae.  He 
It  he  ia  one  of 

a  aort  of  con- 

iliments.— one 

ine  for  bis  tri- 

^hitt  observation 

waa  "  little  or 

lich  are  found 

>raU  and  check 

Ntaesaed  was  in 

clerical  garb 

f,  with  a  yellow 

'  9pea,  in  thf  ab- 

of  even  these 
jiaome  occasional 

motion  of  **  In- 
jraid  and  anpport 
eial,  and  domes- 
hiy  independent 
striking  in  this 
lere  A%r  Speech 
'  and  I  could  sec 
pees  of  many  of 

himself,  if  he 

Tom  Thumb,  to 

•jesty's  farther 

i  aay  I  meant  to 

I  between  theab- 

•gland  and  the 

ration  new  at 

ti/orj/our 

^food  fmrtuae  to 


n 


I 


• 


r-»lliHiniir! 


^w 


^i  f^     k  V 


H»"  '•-\ 


7 


»%. 


Sf^ 


^ 


iiu 

visit  many  countrioi,  and  to  see  governments  of  all  known  de* 
noininationg,  and  all  (igc«;  from  that  of  China,  which  has   ex- 
isted ail  it  standa  for  some  thousands  ^years,  to  that  of  Peru,  of 
which  I  witnessed  the  very  birth, — and  a  queer  looking  political 
bbby  it  was!     h  has  also  fallen  in  my  way  to  see  another  de- 
scription of' in/ant,  which,  as  you  well  know,  was  of  age  on 
the  day  it  was  born,  but  whether  it  has  grown  older  or  younger, 
stronger  or  weaker,  btj  titm,  I  leave  you  to  judge.     Amongst 
•11  these  different  covrtries  i  have  seen  very  few  which  unite  so 
many  advantages  as  Canada,  where  the  soil,  the  climate,  and 
what  is  vastly  more  valuable,  the  public  Or>vernment,  and  ihe 
tone  of  private  manners{\\  are  so  well  calculated  to  advance 
the  happiness  of  m  .nkind.     You  are  not  yot  so  ur\fortunate 
as  to  be  independent  of  England,  in  the  ordinary  acceptation  of 
the  term — neither  is  she  of  you;  but  you  are  much  better  off." 
We  would  ask  if  there  can  be  discovered,  in  all  this,  the 
slightest  reference  to  that  great  purpose  for  .which  Captain  Hall 
represents  himself  to  have  undertaken  this  Tour?     He  has  re> 
marked,  (vol.  ii.  p.  343,)  •<  To  assert,  for  instance,  that  such  a 
country  as  America  could  be  fairly  judged  of  in  six  weeks,  would 
be  more  absurd  than  to  say  that  justice  could  not  be  done  to  it  in 
six  years."     Yet  after  a  period  of  observation  so  short  that  it 
would  be  absurd  to  draw  any  inference  from  it,  he  is  found  hold- 
ing up  the  United  Stotea  to  derision — and  declaring  plainlv  that 
they  had — as  a  warning — retrograded  in  consequence  of  pos* 
sessing  tr.d  power  of  self-government    The  object  which  he  had 
at  heart  was  *<  to  soften  in  some  degree  the  asperity  of  that  ill 
will/>f  which  it  waa  impossible  to  deny  the  existence,  end  which 
was  looked  upon  by  many  persons,  in  both  countries,  as  a  se- 
ri(>u8  international  evil."     He  declares,  **  I  was  really  desirous 
of  seeing  every  thing  relating  to  the  people,  country,  and  in- 
stitu'i:>ns,  in  the  moat  favourable  light;  and  was  resolved  to 
represent  ic  my  countrymen  what  was  good  in  colours,  which 
might  incline  them  to  think,"  &c     Yet  on  the  first  opportuni- 
ty which  he  enjoys  of  addressing  British  subjects — and  those, 
too,  who  are  in  immediate  contact  with  Americans — all  his 
powers  ot  sarcasm  are  employed  to  render  odious  and  ridiculousi 
whnt  it  pleases  him  to  treat  as  characteristic  of  their  neighbours. 
He  asks  his  hearers  to  thank  God  that  they  are  not  eu  "  unfor- 
tunate," as  to  be  in  the  same  predicament  with  ourselves.   And 
this  is  stated  as  the  result  of  his  personal  obsei^f 'tion:  "It  has 
fallen  in  my  way  to  see,  &c."    Let  us  recollect,  too,  what  Cap- 
tain Hall  has  told  us  of  the  workings  of  his  own  mind,  (vol.  i. 
p.  167:^  **  The  melancholy  truth  is,  that  when  oncev/e  express 
any  opinions,  especially  if  we  use  strong  terms  for  that  purpose, 
a  sort  of  parental  fondness  springs  up  for  the  oftpriog  cf  our 
lips,  and  we  are  ready  to  defend  them  for  no  better  reason  than 
because  we  gave  them  bir>'       Travellers,  therefore,  and  othera, 
should  be  cautious  how  they  bring  such  a  fine  family  of  opinions 


■tiiiltir' 


••»»'iM«ijiii.i«7aigai1ir  iwn-- 


known  de- 
ich  has   ex- 

of  Peru,  of 
ing  political 
rtnother  dt- 
!•  of  age  on 
>r  younger, 
Amongat 
ich  unite  so 
limate,  and 
nt,  and  ihe 
to  advance 
r\fortunate 
ceptation  of 
'tetter  off." 
II  thia,  the 
aptain  Hall 

He  has  re> 
that  auch  a 
!eks,  would 
lone  to  it  in 
nort  that  it 
found  hold- 
that 


noe  01  pos- 
liich  he  hqd 
of  that  ill 
and  which 
ea,  as  a  ae- 
ly  desirous 
y,  and  in- 
resolved  to 
lurs,  which 
opportuni- 
-and  those, 
18 — all  his 
ridiculous, 
eigh  hours. 
iu  "  unfor- 
ilves.  And 
n:  '<Uha8 
what  Cap- 
ad,  (vol.  i. 
we  express 
It  purpose, 
ing  cf  our 
eason  than 
ind  others, 
)f  opinions 


1 


' 


111 

into  the  world,  which  they  can  neither  maintain  respectably,  nor 
get  rid  of  tvithout  a  certain  degree  of  inconsistency,  generally 
painful,  and  sumettmea  ridiculous."  Will  he  be  pfcnscd  to  ox- 
plain,  how  he  could  have  expressed  an  opinion,  in  '*  terms" 
more  <*  strong"  than  housed  in  ihisspeech?  His  sarcasm  covers 
all  that  is  peculiar  in  our  condition,  and  he  declarea  that  pecu- 
liarity to  be  a  cui'se.  Strike  the  Revolution  fr;jm  our  History, 
■nd  we  aro  in  the  aituation  of  Canada^  What  would  the  pro- 
vincial Attorney-Genaral  and  his  olher  friends  think  of  the  con- 
sistency of  Captain  Hall,  had  they  found  in  his  volumes  aught 
in  praise  of  any  of  those  partieulars  in  which  the  people  of  the 
United  States  differ  from  them?  And  thia  is  the  perso-  who, 
in  publishing  a  Book,  which  ministers  to  the  jealousy  and  con- 
tempt he  u  thua  found  exciting,  holds  the  following  bnguage:— 
"  The  reluctance  with  which  I  now  take  up  my  pen  to  trace  the 
gradual  deatmction  of  my  beat  hopes  on  the  subject,  is  most 
sincere,  and  auch  as  nothing  short  of  a  conviction  of  its  being 
u  duty  to  my  own  country  could  overcome." 

Let  us  be  understood.  It  may  be  no  crime  in  Captain  Hall 
to  magnify  the  advantages  of  Canada.  Many  people  applaud 
Serjeant  Kite's  readiness  at  oath-taking,  '*  giva  me  the  book — 
'tis  for  the  good  of  the  Service."  Speaking  of  the  addition  of 
Canada  to  the  United  States,  he  declares,  it  would  bo  a  matter 
of  serious  consequence  to  England  to  find  the  naval  resources 
ef  the  United  States  trebled,  if  not  quadrupled,  at  a  blow.'' 
He  considers  these  Colonies  not  only  "  useful  as  nominal  de- 
pendenries,  but,  in  a  negative  point  of  view — as  politically  de- 
tached from  the  United  States— even  still  more  valuable  to 
us."  *'  It  seems  to  be  a  pretty  general  opinion  that  there  are 
only  two  alternatives  for  Canada — one  is  to  remain  in  connexion 
with  the  mother  country — the  other,  to  merge  into  the  Mare 
Magnum  of  the  American  Confederacy."  .  "  Nothing  but  our 
own  indiscretion  can  ever  urge  them  to  court  a  union  with  any 
other  power.  The  card.<i,  to  use  a  common  expression,  are  com- 
pletely in  our  hands,  and  we  have  only  to  play  them  well."  All 
the  erpenditures  on  Canada,  he  is  of  opinion,  '*  are  amply  over- 
balanced by  the  advantages  derived  from  this  connexion,  whe- 
ther they  directly  advance  our  commercial  and  political  prosperi- 
tT,  as  a  naval  and  manufacturing  country,  or  whether  they  limit 
the  maritime  power  of  another  nation  not  very  friendly  to 
ours."  It  is  quite  natural  that  under  the  influence  of  such  a  feel- 
ing, he  should  be  disposed  to  flatter  up  the  Canadians  as  to  the 
great  bleuings  they  enjoy,  and  the  state  of  their  manners;  and  to 
represent  the  United  Sutcs  to  them  in  the  most  odious  point  of 
▼iew,  plitically  and  socially.  But  we  do  complain  that  whilst 
from  UiO  beginning  to  the  end  Of  his  book,  he  is  seen  under  the 
unlimited  influence  of  this  miserable,  peevish  jealousy,  he  should 
pat  on  the  air  of  a  philoflopher->a  cituen  of  the  worm— and  re- 


•  'i 


^ 


-■^'.•-  'i*(itl%A-SJ^M«^**> 


jSM^i^^'^' 


•f 

fe 


preient  himself  ai  ictutted  throughout  by  an  anxiotia  wtah  to  «x* 
nibit  every  thing  in  the  Uiiiioil  Sintei  in  the  iiidHt  fnvourable 
IMit  After  onmloyin(i;  such  language  as  /m  have^ijuoted  in  the 
/Cm^Jw  —- .#  of  hia  bi   "      " 


Canada  part 


book,  there  ia  to  ua  aomething  very  con- 


temptible in  hia  introduring  auch  a  declaration  as  the  following, 
into  that  allotted  to  the  United  Slates: — *'  For  my  own  part,  I 
tee  no  limits  to  this,  and  ahould  rrjoice  with  ail  my  heart,  if 
America  were  aa  far  ad*Minced  in  literature,  in  acience,  in  mi7t- 
iarif  and  naval  knowledqe,  in  taato,  in  the  fine  arts,  in  manu- 
factures, in  commerce — in  short,  in  every  thing,  as  any  prt  of 
Europe. " 

It  is  presumed  that  the  English  reader  must  have  expected  to 
find  in  these  volumes  some  information  with  rcgird  to  the  com- 
plaints which  have  been  heard  from  Canada.  Mr.  Hoakisson, 
the  Secretary  for  the  Colonial  Department,  in  the  Debate  of 
18C8  declares  that  the  Canadas  were  "  under  a  system  of  civil 
government  not  adapted  to  their  wants,  well  being,  nor  happi- 
ness, nor  to  maintain  their  allegiance,  nor  preaerve  their  atlcc- 
tion  and  good  understanding  with  the  mother  rountry."  He 
also  refera  to  the  circumstance  of  the  Gcvernor  "  having  appro- 
priated the  revenue,  without  the  sanction  of  an  act  of  the  le- 
S'aJature,  as  required  by  law."  In  the  same  Debate,  Sir  James 
[acintosh,  said,  that  he  had  presented  <*a petition  signed  by 
eighty>s«ven  thouiiand  of  the  inhabitants  oi^  Canada,  compre- 
hending among  its  numbers,  nine-tenths  of  tht  head*  of/a- 
miliea  in  the  Province,  and  mora  than  two-thirds  of  its  landed 
proprietors,"  and  shows,  that  "  the  petitioners  had  the  gravest 
causes  of  complaint  against  the  administration  of  the  govern- 
ment of  the  ^'olony."  Sir  Janifis  farther  says,  *'  Yhe  Govern- 
ment of  Quebec,  despising  these  considerations,  has  been  long 
engaged  in  a  scuffle  with  the  peeple,  and  has  thought  hard  words, 
and  hard  blowa,  not  inconsistent  with  iti  dignity.  I  observe 
that  twenty-one  bills  were  passed  by  the  Lower  House  of  As- 
sembly, 1827,  most  of  them  reformatory.  Of  these,  not  one 
was  approved  vf  by  the  Upper  House.  Is  the  Governor  res- 
ponsible for  this?  1  answer  he  is.  The  Council  is  nothing  bet- 
ter than  the  tool  of  the  government.  It  is  not  a  fair  and  consti- 
tutional check  between  the  popular  assembly  and  the  governor; 
but  it  is  the  governor's  council.  The  counsellors  are  all  crea- 
tures of  the  governor;  and  they  sit  io  council,  not  to  examine 
the  bills  sent  to  them,  but  to  concur  in  the  acts  of  the  Governor. 
Of  these  counsellors,  consisting  of  twenty-seven  gentlemen— 
seventeen  hold  places  under  the  government  at  pleasure^  These 
seventeen  divide  amongst  them,  fifteen  thousand  pounds  of  tho 
public  money,  which  is  not  a  small  sum,  in  a  country  where  one 
thousand  pounds  a  year  is  a  large  incoane  for  a  country  gentle- 
man. I  OkBitthe  bishop,  who  is  perhaps  rather  iocliaed  to  autho- 
rity, bdt  of  a  pacific  charaeter.    The  nii»  rcaHuaiog  counsel- 


-) 


# 


iiftfSi 


I  wiih  to  ex« 
it  favourable 
I  noted  in  the 
ig  very  ron- 
e  following, 
own  part,  I 
my  heart,  if 
ce,  in  mUi' 
la,in  manu- 
I  any  part  of 

expected  to 
to  the  com- 
Hiiakiaaon* 
e  Debate  of 
Item  of  civil 
;,  nor  happi- 
e  their  adcc- 
ntry."  He 
ivinf(  appro- 
ict  of  the  le- 
D,  Sir  Jamef 
n  aigned  bjr 
da,  compra- 
\eada  o//a- 
if  its  landed 
the  gravest 
the  govern- 
fhe  Govcrn- 
la  been  long 
hard  words, 
I  observe 
ouae  of  As- 
esc,  not  one 
overnor  rea- 
nothingbet- 
■  and  conati- 
e  governor; 
are  all  crea- 
to  examine 
0  Governor. 
;entienien— 
ire.  These 
undsof  the 
r  where  one 
ntry  gentle- 
Mi  to  autho- 
tog  couneel- 


i) 


A 


113 

lora  were  worn  out  by  oppoaing  the  seventeen,  and  at  present 
have  withdrawn  from  attending  ita  deliberations." 

The  touriat  haa  forborne,  for  a  very  eurious  reason,  to  gifo 
lis  any  account  of  thrse  dintiirbance8»in  Cnnatla,  and  of  tli><  par- 
tiee  which  havu  lung  distracted  it.  The  Fulls  of  Niagara  ntade 
a  great  impreaaion  on  him:—'*  I  felt,  aa  it  were,  aUggered  and 
confused,  and  at  timea  experienced  a  sensation  bordering  on 
alarm,  I  did  not  well  know  at  witat — a  strong,  myal*>rioua,aort 
of  impreaaion  that  8omethinf|  dreadful  might  happen.  **  It  "pro- 
duced 0  kind  of  diiiy  reverie  more  or  le»»  akin  to  alcop."  This 
tooling  he  declares  ho  could  not  ahake  nlf.  True,  he  was  suffi- 
ciently collected  a  day  or  two  after,  for  his  Hrookvilleapeech; 
but  in  order  to  account  for  **  the  indiflerenee  which  I  atruggled 
in  vain  to  throw  off  as  to  the  politica  of  Lower  Canada,  al- 
though the  topic  waa  then  awallowing  up  every  other  conaidc- 
rntion,"  he  gravelly  declares  that  ho  waa  yet  under  the  stunning 
influence  of  the  Falla.  "  Our  rtctnt  iniereourat  toith  Nia- 
gara, and  the  many  wild  rind  curious  accniis,"  lie.  When 
we  ask  him  the  mcaninffof  all  the  noiae  and  clamour,  he  tells, 
like  Mrs.  Sullen  in  the  Beaux  StraUgem,  of  the  ainging  in  hia 
eara.  But  mark  the  gentleman'a  conalatoney  with  his  own  atory, 
*'  It  waa  my  intention,  however,  notwithstanding  the  appear- 
tnce  of  this  Report  and  Evidence,  to  havo  inaortod,  at  this 
place,  a  sketch  of  the  disousaions  alluded  to,  but  I  thought  it 
right  to  SUPPRESS  it,  in  conaequenoe  of  recent  ohangt>a  in 
that  quarter,  and  the  diaposition  wnieh  really  appears  to  exiat 
on  both  sides  to  atari  afresh,  to  turn  over  a  new  leqf,  and  to 
join  cordially  in  adtrancing  the  prosperity  of  a  country  so  high- 
ly gifted  by  nature  and  by  fortune!"  He  therefore  oontenti 
himaelf  with  referring  his  readers  to  dooumenti  ordered  to  be 
printed  on  the  >8d  July,  1898,  and,  eacaping  from  facts,  »dopts 
the  more  congenial  language  of  tsaertion.  «  The  foi^ndations 
of  those  powera  which  preserve  iooial  order  are  eertainly  more 
•table  and  better  organixed  in  the  Provinces  than  in  the  United 
States.  Their  rulers  do  not  derive  their  authority /irom  those 
otfcr  whom  their  power  is  to  be  exercised}  they  look  tip,  and 
not  down,  for  approbation,  and  can  therefore  use  that  authority 
with  more  genuine  ihti^endenee." 

It  i«  for  Captain  HaA's  countrymen,  rather  than  for  us,  to 
complain  of  this  '*  auppreaaion."  He  leaves  home  for  the  pur- 
pose of  aeeiog  things  with  his  own  eyes:  **  I  eonfess  I  was  aome- 
Tvhat  increduloua  mitiejlaming  accounts  given  in  England," 
&c..  Yet  after  he  haa  noade  obaervationi  on  a  point  of  auoh  vital 
importance  as  that  of  the  popular  sentiment  in  Canada,  he  thinka 
it  politic  to  "  mip'  ^«"  them,  and  to  refer  hia  readers  to  a  mass 
of  documents,  vvi>. . .  few  of  them  will  ever  think  of  look  log  into, 
and  which  Captain  Hdl,  it  is  to  be  hoped,  never  examined, 
since  they  exhibit  a  picture  directly  the  reverse  of  that  which 
he  has  drawn.    Ha  does  not  hmitate  to  recommend  to  G»eat 


/ 


..«»i>'  fct«i.>i^i.'Viai\ .. 


/J 


r' 


! 


Ill 

BHtain  the  completion  of  va»t  ami  flirp<»r»ii^o  work*,  mt/  whitt 
fAey  may,  and  yi.t  withhol<ls  infnrniation,  whidi  might  cn.l.la 
Pnrliamnnt  to  depi.lo  how  for  aiich  an  ffxponditura  it  likely  to 
prove  of  ultinioto  bcnelit.     Did  he  find  any  thin^  in  thr  United 
Statca  to  •••upprcM?"  With  rcK«rfl  tc  that  people,  heavily  taxed 
M  he  reprenents  them,  the  only  complaint  wo  hear,  ia  of  their 
cnthuaiaatic  attachment  to  the  Government.     For  the  public 
land  Mere,  a  atipulated  price  ii  received,  and  yet  it  ia  cairerly 
■ought  for  and  improvc.i.     in  Canada  the  people  are  exempt 
from  taxation,  becauno  the  pinch  of  it  is  felt  in  Great  HriUin. 
I  ho  Government,  instead  of  receiving  a  compensation  for  iti 
land,  not  only  gives  it  rway,  but  has  incnrrod  an  expense  of 
sixty  pounds  sterling,  for  each  family  of  Irish  paupers,  agreeinc 
to  ncctpt  a  hundred  acres;  and  yet  the  temper  is  such,  that  Csp* 
Ui.n  H»ll  thmks  it  unwise  publicly  to  repeat  the  language  of 
disaffoction  which  reached  his  car,  »    8   "» 

Although  the  roar  of  Niagara,  had  so  deafened  him,  that  he 
could  not  hc«rtlHdi»»cnsion8ofCanada,heexpres8eiwithouthe^ 
sitatioi.  an  opinion  as  to  matters,  which  would  seem  to  demand 
raU»or  more  of  patient  investigation.  Thus  he  says,  «•  ThtlMUKX. 
^yhich  *ro  in  fact,  those  of  HSigland,  are  out  qfall  sight  more 
steady,  and,  from  that  oircumhtanco,  besides  many  othisrs,  bet- 
ter admmtattred  than  in  the  United  Sutes. "  Where  he  nicked 
up  this  information,  he  does  not  deign  to  inform  us.     Mr  ToL 
bot  lurnishcsthe  following  statement:  "  So  complicated  arc  tho 
laws,  so  indifferently  understood,  and  so  ill  defined,  that  lawsuits 
are  as  numerous  in  every  part  of  tho  country  as  cxcommuniot. 
tionsan^  indulgences  were  in  England,  in  tho  carlydays  of  Han- 
ry  the  nighth.''    -  The  Laws  by  which  Lower  CanV.i"w- 
vcrned,  arc  the  Costume  de  Psris,  or,  « Tho  Custom  of  Paris  » 
u  it  existed  in  Frjncc,  in  the  year  166fi,  the  Civil  or  Roman 
Law  m  ctiCB  whore  the  Custom  of  Paris  is  silent,  the  edioU. 
declarations,  and  ordinances,  of  the  French  Governon  of  Ca- 
nada,  the  AcU  of  the  British  Parliament  passed  concerning  Ca- 
nada,  and  by  the  English  Criminal  Uw.**    «« The  most  Aev 
ous  restriction  under  which  the  Canadians  labour,  with  i^pect 
to  the  Umure  of  the.r  lands,  is  that  which  compels  them  to  My 
to  the  Seigneur,  what  are  termed,  lodes  et  ventes,  or  fines  of 
aIienr.tion  on  all  mutaUons  of  property,  en  roture.     By  thii 

o'vin-  fu  ""S^^  '''"''•«^*  '^'.  P">P"*-to'-»  half-a-down  times  in 
nn«  I:j«mK  Seigneur  18  entiUed,  on  every  mutation,  to  reoeiro 
one-twelfth  of  the  whole  purchase  money;  which  ono-twelfth, 
«M  ,'.irA  '  """"*  bo  Daid  by  the  new  purchaser,  and  is 
tnr  "  « t  /•  ^M""  •8'^«'»  to  be  given  to  the  actual  proprie- 
tor.     '\Jfeln>fiB  the  revenue  of  one  year  dueto  the  Lordfor  oer- 

S'«!r^^.r''«^T'^. *'"**'  hi»  explanation  of  "Fief,"  "quinta" 
rebat,    &c.        It  is  very  unsafe  to  purchase  property  in  Ct- 

nada,  unless  the  sale  is  effected  by  the  agency  of  a  Seriff. " 
in  tne  Parliamentary  discussion  of  1886,  on  the  mibjeot  of  Ca- 


Vs^tLaridL 


II.) 


>rk«,  mt/  what 
!)  might  oiulitn 
re  !•  likely  to 
[  in  the  United 
I,  heavily  taxed 
Bar,  ia  of  their 
For  the  pubtie 
it  it  ia  eafteriy 
iln  ar«  exempt 
Great  HriUin. 
naation  for  ha 
an  oxpcnae  of 
ipora,  agreeing 
luoh,  that  Cap- 
^  language  of 

i  him,  that  he 
lei  without  he- 
lm to  demand 
I  "  THaXotiw, 
//  sight  mora 
y  othora,  bet- 
ere  he  picked 
u.    Mr.  Tal. 
lioated  are  tho 
ithatliwauitii 
xeommunioa- 
dayaofHen* 
Canada  ia  go- 
om  of  Parli/ 
'ii  or  Roman 
t,  the  ediota, 
Brnon  of  Ca- 
nceming  Ca- 
D  moat  griev- 
with  respect 
them  to  pay 
f,  or  flnea  of 
re.     By  thii 
ion  timea  in 
n,  to  reoeire 
ono-twelith, 
lioaer,  and  ia 
tual  proprie* 
Lord  for  cor- 
,"  "quinte" 
perty  in  Ca- 
sheriff." 
ibjeotofCa- 


uada,  Mr.  tluikiaaon,  tho  Secretary  fur  lint  olonial  Depariniftil, 
Uac9  thv  fulluwilix  litlijtuagn:  '*'riu!rii  in  do  |ioaaihility  oC  ■uing 
or  boioK  aueil,  cxcf  pt  in  tho  French  ('ourtN,  and  iicRuruii>|i(  to  the 
French  form  and  prarticc;  no  mode  of  trunaacting  cunimcrcial 
buaincaa,  except  under  French  cuatoma  now  obMolctc  in  Franco. 
In  LowiT  Caiiadn,  they  go  iiixin  the  litvv  and  Hvoti^m  of  fi>u<lal 
tenure,  and  the  law  is  more  inciipahleiifevrr  ftfin^  irnprovfif 
9T  modified,  by  the  progruac  of  information  or  knuwiodgt!,  than 
if  it  atill  remamed  Uic  ayatcm  of  Franco,  und  the  mudci  of  her 
dcpondcncicfl. " 

Certainly,  thia  not  only  lioata  our  Lawa  "out  of  aighl,"  ac- 
cording to  the  Captain'a  niiigulnr  cxpruAsion,  hut  i»  a  l\iir  match 
for  those  of  ('aligula  himdcir,  whicfi  were  '<  hung  upon  pillara 
eo  high  that  nobody  could  read  them."  (HIackatone.) 

Aa  to  tho  administration  of  justice,  Mr.  Talbot  givea  ua 
the  following  information:  <*The  Diatrict  .ludgea,  unfavoura- 
ble aa  public  opinion  ia  to  their  inte^rit;^,  pos-iesc,  I  dar*-  say, 
as  much  honeaty  ua  their  most  cunscicntiouH  noighbuurs,  aru 
equally  intelligent,  and  juat  aa  deeply  read  in  Dritiah  Jurispru- 
dence. Many  of  them  in  fact,  tu  use  plain  language,  arc  as  ig- 
norant of  the  lawa  of  tho  country,  aa  they  are  of  tljc  ('ode  of 
Napoleon;  and  tho  Jurora,  who  are  not  the  moat  enlightened 
men  in  tho  world,  are  said  not  be  over  burdened  with  acrupu- 
loua  conacicncca.  But  they  are  remarkable  for  a  noble  inde- 
pendence which  cauaea  them  to  pay  aa  littlo  attention  to  tho 
43barge  of  a  Judge  aa  to  the  evidence  of  a  witncaa.  Tho  for- 
mer, they  are  confident,  knowa  littlo  moro  than  themaelvea; 
and  as  to  the  latter  he  might  aa  well  tell  his  tale  to  the  midnight 
breeze,  for  they  generally  enter  the  box  determined  respecting 
the  deeiaion  which  they  intend  to  give.  Predilection  for  a 
friend,  or  malice  againat  an  enemy,  too  often  influence  them  in 
their  verdicts.  Indeed,  they  aeem  to  know  little,  and  to  care 
ieas,  about  the  moral  obligation  of  an  oath;  and  an  honest,  un- 
prejudiced, decision,  the  result  of  mature  deliberation  and  calm 
conviction,  ia  seldom  to  bo  witnessed,  "vol.  i.  p.  411-12.  *«It 
ia  an  extraordinary  circumstance,  that  there  are  aome  few  por- 
aona,  in  almoat  every  district,  whose  appointment  to  a  Com- 
mission of  the  Peace,  would  add  respectability  to  the  magis- 
tracy of  the  country;  and  yet  they  are  allowed  to  continue  pri- 
vate characters  notwithstanding  the  great  necessity  there  is,  for 
appointing  such  men  to  offices  under  Government.  In  the  Lon- 
don district,  iu  which  I  havo  resided  for  several  years,  I  know 
many  highly  respectable  individuals,  some  of  whom  are  half- 
pay  Captaini  in  the  British  Army,  whoso  names  were  left  out 
of  the  Commission  of  tho  peace,  or  rather  not  included  in  it, 
while  many  of  their  neishbours  were  appointed,  who  would 
not  add  to  the  respectability  of  a  gang  of  pig-jobbers.  Tho 
fact  is,  the  members  qf  the  Executive  Oovernment  seem  de- 
itrmined  to  place  in  every  department,  civil  as  well  as  military, 


P'^^'-'WP 


I 


1i^ 


lit 

•uch  mm  onljTtlt  Ikty  »r«  confident  wit)  at  uny  tim«  litdowiif 
•ntl  aNow  thHP  mptrioft  to  mtlk  ov^r  ihem,"  ib.  p.  410. 


**  If  ■  inaKiHrkle,  or  a  military  nficar,  were  publicly  knows 
to  illnapprnvc  of  any  of  tin-  niraaur«'«i  of  tlu<  Esi'ciitive  (lovern- 
moiU,  no  mattfr  futw  mthvrratvf  Ifuhir  m^tnurta  mtffht  bf  (\f 
tha  ptaple'»  Hghlit,  lin  would  very  Bonn  b«  deprived  of  hialit« 
tie  ahara  of  '  brief  authority,'  and  allow«d  to  remain  tlv-  .uaI 
of  hi*  life  a  caahiflred  officer,  ur  broken  down  paquim,"  ib.  410« 

•*  When  Mr.  Ooiirlny  w«a  banished  from  the  country,  In  ■ 
Ycryunconititulional  m»nner,  Ma ^equaintance,  moat  of  whom 
were  officnra  in  the  Militia,  or  Juaticra  of  the  Peace,  wore, 
to  a  man,  ifrprivni  i\f  ihrir  Vomfnia»inu»,  for  the  aimpin  crime 
of  having  aaaucinted  witli  him.  Oppreaaivc  treatment  will  alion- 
tto  even  the  aflectiuna  of  a  child  from  ite  ptrent,  and  the  arbi' 
Irary  mranurfu  (\f  a  (ioiiernmftit  prtJ'rMxittff  in  bf  free,  ea- 
p«oiitlly  wh<»n  auch  nir*«0uri'ii  are  dirnrtmi  againnt  innocent  and 
unoflTendiufi  individuala,  muat  infallibly  weaken  the  loyalty  of 
a  apirlted  and  indep<Hident  aubjoct.  (f  another  tFar  were  to 
break  out  between  Great  Ihttain  and  the  United  Statet,  I 
greatly  fear,  that  thcao  diacardcd  ufTiccra,  vtith  many  thaw 
tanda  of  the  people  in  Uiiper  Canada,  would  warmly  rcacnt 
the  indignity  which  they  have  auHeretl  by  '  ahowin^  a  pair  of 
fair  heela'  to  the  Hritiah  Oovernmont,  and  enliatmg  under 
the  biinnera  t\f  the  boat  it*  power.** 

Captain  Hall  acema  to  hive  rightly  thought  that  tliia  pari  of 
the  picture  waa  ao  Irare  aa  to  require  a  douulo  portion  of  var* 
niah. 

One  of  hia  o<ld  auggeationa  ia,  that  the  tcrma  «  Parent  State," 
"  Mother  Country,"  &c.,  are  inappropriate  to  the  relationahip 
of  fi^ngland  to  Canada,  and  hegravel^  iiropoaea,  (vol.  i.  p.  414,) 
though  with  a  great  deal  of  unaailr  •  ,  ')-.Mir)locution,  to  aub- 
•titute  ••  HubJimd  and  Wife."  U  h  i . '  '"o^'  la  to  aay  f  or  far 
thia  ia  connected  with  hia  evident  rUh  (o  hv  .nEnglanu  a  por> 

Eitual  liability  for  the  debta  and  maintenance  of  the  Colony, 
very  body  knows  that,  in  law,  a  man  becomes  thua  lioblo,  to 
third  peraona,  by  holding  oat  a  woman  aa  hia  wife,  even  though 
no  wedding  may  have  taken  place.  We  have  nothing  to  do 
with  thi.i,  and  only  refer  to  the  passage,  for  the  purpose  of  re- 
marking,  that  whenever  he  uaea  the  term  *'  Canada,"  both  pro- 
vinces are  included.  It  would  involve  a  breach  of  iaw,  aa  well 
aa  of  decency,  were  the  propoeal  of  intermarriage  to  refer  to 
the  two  in  the  disjunctive.  Now,  amongat  the  aaaertiona  which 
be  makes,  with  regard  to  the  country  Uius  designated,  is  the 
following:  "  In  every  part  of  Canada,  we  found  the  inhabi' 
tants  speaking  English."  (Vol.  i.  p.  865.)  This  universal 
prevalence  of  the  English  language  ia  happily  illuatrated,  when 
we  find  ouraelves  (vol.  i.  p  369)  in  a  boat,  which  had  brought 
up  British  Government  atores,  and  in  which  all  the  boatmen 
spoke  '*  a  corrupted  or  perhaps  antiquated  lert  of  French;  vi 


\ 


^' 


10  licdowrif 
.  p.  410. 
tidy  known 
ivfl  (tnvern- 
nif(hl  bf  *{/" 
id  of  hi*  lit- 
i«in  th  ■  .•';^t; 
«,"  ib.  410. 
tiintry,  in  ■ 
oitof  whom 
Vace,  wor«« 
iimplncrims 
il  will  alien* 
nd  th«  arbi* 
bf  fret,  «•- 
niioccnt  and 
10  loyalty  of 
Var  were  to 
d  Statu,  I 
nany  thou* 
rinly  rcactit 
jic  a  pair  of 
img  under 

thia  pari  of 
tion  of  var- 

ircnt  State," 
relationahip 
•I.  i.  p.  414,) 
ition,  to  Bub- 
aay  '  cv  far 
ip(lanu  «  pcr> 
the  Colony. 
tiUB  liable,  to 
even  though 
othiog  to  do 
irpoae  of  re- 
I,"  both  pro- 
'  iaw,  ai  weil 
;e  to  refer  to 
irtiona  whieh 
nated,  ia  the 
i  the  inhabi- 
lia  univcrsd 
trated,  when 
had  brought 
the  boatmen 
f  French;  di 


AI  MM  MT,  we  aifl 
»M  Frvnch  «xf  iu- 


111 

wbieh  t  undrriiuod  very  few  worda," 
introduced  tu  a  settlement,  vth^tt  "tiiOT  ^1 
ii?«ly("  and  we  hear,  (p.  .103,)  of  <*  the  French  peaaaiitry,  who 
form  the  mtn  of  the  population  in  Lower  Canada."  Mr.  Tai- 
but,  apeiikiiiK  of  tiii  ix^runiliulaliiiii  of  ijtinhvr,  aava,  **  Not  a 
word  of  ICngliali  did  I  hear;  not  a  face  that  waa  K'igltah  did  I 
•ee,  imtil,  to  my  great  aaliafaetion,  I  found  myaulf  in  a  Hiitiah 
morcnntilu  warabouar,  where,  on  looking  around  me,  and  re- 
flecting on  tlin  abort  eicuraion  I  had  taken,  I  waa  reminded, 
that  inatead  of  having  been  engaged  in  placing  the  laat  atone  in 
the  Tower  of  Uabel,  1  had  only  conctuue<l  my  tlrat  walk  in  the 
city  of  Quebec." 

»uoh,  then,  aa  we  have  exhibited  it,  waa  the  apirit  in  which 
Captain  iiallromm^nM^fhiaaeriouae lamination  of  the  United 
Stalea.  Full  of  prejudice*,  he  confeaacs  a  "  wiah"  that  they 
ahould  be  cuntlrmeil,  rather  than  removed;  and  be  atoud  pub- 
licly  pledged  to  hia  Canadian  frienda,  and  to  ('Onaiatonoy,  to 

Crove  that  our  eacape  from  a  Colonial  condition  had  thrown  ua 
ick,  inafcad  of  advancing  ua,  in  prosperity,  happinefls,  and 
atrongth. 

The  intluenee  of  thia  temper  in  leading  to  the  moat  abaurd 
and  determined  miaconception  hna  already  been  oxpoaed.  It 
ia,  perhaps,  mnit  ridiculously  displayed  shortly  after  recrossing 
the  line,  but  about  matters  too  trivial  to  justify  our  pausing  on 
thon.  At  Albany,  however,  he  found  the  legialature  in  aei- 
aion.  It  seems,  that  the  object  of  the  meeting  was,  **  not  to 
tranaact  the  ordinary  busincaa  of  thu  State,  but  to  revise  the 
laws,  i  favourite  employment  alt  otter  the  country."  The 
method  of  proceeding  ia  thus  described:  "  After  prayers  had 
been  said,  and  a  certain  portion  of  the  ordinary  formal  business 
gone  through,  the  regular  proceed! n(,-8  ^fere  commenced  by  a 
conaideration  of  Chapter  Iv.  of  the  Uevised  Laws.  It  appeared 
that  a  joint  committee  of  the  two  housea  had  been  appointed  to 
attend  to  this  subject,  and  to  report  the  result  of  their  delibe- 
rationa.  The  gentlemen  nominated  had  no  trifling  tcsk  to  per- 
form, aa  I  became  sonaibie  upon  a  farther  acquaintance  with 
the  aubjeet  All  the  existing  Lawa  of  the  State,  which  were 
very  voluminous,  were  to  be  compared  and  adjusted,  so  as  to 
be  consistent  with  one  anothei ,  after  which  the  result  vvaa  print- 
ed, and  laid  before  the  legislature,  ao  that  each  chapter,  section, 
and  elauae,  might  be  discussed  separately,  when  of  course  the 
Members  of  the  Council  of  Revision,  had  to  explain  their  pro- 
ceedinas." 

On  tine  first  dsy  of  Captain  Hall's  attendance,  the  following 
•ection  came  under  consideration.  "  A  well  regulated  militia 
beins  neceanary  to  the  security  of  a  free  State,  the  right  of  the 
people  to  keep  and  bear  arms  cannot  be  infringed. "  One  gen- 
tieman  made  a  speech,  with  which  the  Captain  was  particular- 
ly disgusted,  and  we  haye  the  following  glimpse  fct  it.     «'  Pu- 


ri 


IIB 


&':l 


i;   ■'ii 


ring  this  exciirsion  amonffst  the  clouds,  ho  referred  frequently 
to  the  H  atory  of  Rngland,  gave  us  an  account  of  the  manner 
in  which  Magna  Charta  was  wrested  from,  *^„hat  monster,' 
King  Jobii,  and  detailed  the  whole  history  of  the  bill  of  Rights/' 
Now  we  respectfully  submit,  that  however  superfluous  all  this 
may  have  been,  i*  was  certainly  not  in  the  lompci  which  Cap- 
tain Hall  would  fain  make  us  believe,  is  prevalent  iu  all  these 
assemblies.  It  is,  assuredly,  very  different,  from,  "  For  eigh- 
teen hundred  years  the  world  had  slumbered  in  ignorance  of 
liberty,  and  of  the  true  rights  of  freemen,"  which  ho  considers 
a  characteristic  piece  of  bombast.  Here  was  a  man  willing  to 
render  a  deserved  tribute  to  the  bravo  spirits  of  the  olden  time. 
He,  it  seems,  was  not  afraid  to  express  his  gratitude  to  the  Ba- 
rons of  England,  assembled  at  Runnemede,  and  he  referred  to 
that  English  Bill  of  Rights,  whicii  ha?  furnished  to  us  an  in> 
valuable  model.  Is  there  any  thing  here  of  the  "habit"  of 
^'depreciating  c^'ery  thing  English,"  which  Captain  Hall  has 
undertaken  to  record  on  the  same  page? 

Dut  these  remarks  have  diffused  themselves  over  a  wide  space, 
anu  the  re  'er  will  doubtless  think  it  more  than  time  that  they 
should  be  brought  to  a  close. 

We  hope  that  their  primary  object  has  not  been  lost  sight  of. 
It  is  to  us,  comparatively,  unimportant,  whether  Captain  Hall's 
book  may  supply  materials  for  "confusing"  thvse  who,  in 
Great  Britain,  regard  the  present  state  of  thmgs  as  susceptible 
of  improvement  We  are  little  annoyed  at  sneers  about  un- 
brushed  hats,  unpolished  shoes,  and  pantaloons  of  not  an  exact 
fit.  Still  less  do  we  dread  its  exciting  disaffection  in  the  Uni- 
ted States,  by  the  array  of  miseries  which  the  tourist,  not  find- 
ing just  at  hand,  is  compelled  to  seek  in  anticipation.  We  arc 
likely  to  remain  content  with  our  cheap  government,  cheap 
justice,  and  cheap  food.  But  a  more  painful  feeling  is  excited 
by  the  declaration  of  an  Officer  in  the  service  of  Great  Britain, 
that  the  United  States  are,  in  this  country,  an  object  of  odium, 
and  that  it  is  not  worth  while  to  attempt,  or  even  to  desire,  a 
change  of  sentiment  We  regret  the  use  which  may,  be  made 
of  what  he  has  thus  put  on  record.  Such  statements  often  pass, 
at  the  moment,  without  exciting  active  resentment,  ''  ^  iecur, 
with  a  decisive  influence^  at  periods  of  great  excitement  for 
alleged  wrongs  or  indignities.  They  may  rush  from  the  Me- 
mory into  the  Passions  on  the  first  petition  of  an  impressed  sea- 
man— rendering  irresif^tible  the  appeal  of  a  citizen  forced  from 
beneath  the  national  flag  to  fight  the  battles  of  a  country  which 
holds  his  own  in  abhorrence,  against  a  friendly  power,  and  un- 
der the  orders,  perhaps,  of  the  very  individual  who  has  mixed 
up  this  annunciation  of  hatred,  with  pointless  but  insolent  sar- 
casm on  the  country,  its  institutions,  and  its  people.  Those 
who  are,  hereafter,  destined,  on  either  side  of  the  Atlantic,  to 


MwiiidU 


M 


0(1  frequently 
»f  the  manner 
iat  monster,' 
UofRinhts." 
[liious  all  this 
J  which  Cap- 
ut, in  all  these 
,  "  For  eigli- 
ignorance  of 
ho  considers 
an  willing  to 
le  olden  time, 
dc  to  the  Ba- 
le referred  to 
to  us  an  in* 
I  "habit"  of 
itain  Hall  has 

a  wide  space, 
me  that  they 

lost  sight  of. 
'aptaiu  Hall's 
use  who,  in 
IS  susceptible 
'.T8  about  un- 
'  not  an  exact 
n  in  the  Uni< 
rist,  not  find- 
on.  We  are 
iment,  cheap 
Ing  is  excited 
rrcat  Britain, 
ect  of  odium, 
n  to  desire,  a 
lay,  be  made 
its  often  pass, 
it,  '■  ^  lecur, 
:citement  for 
rom  the  Me- 
Ti  pressed  sea- 
I  forced  from 
>untry  which 
wer,  and  un- 
10  has  mixed 

insolent  sar- 
>ple.     Those 

Atlantic,  to 


119 

look  out  on  the  gloom  of  ocean  for  dismal  f  idings  of  bloody  and 
unnatural  strife,  and  to  await  in  speechless  agony  the  dreaded 
lists  of  destruction,  may  well  remember  with  execration  the 
efforts  which  seem  to  be  making  to  prepare  the  w«y  for  a  fierce 
and  uncompromising  struggle. 

It  is  the  object  of  these  pages  to  expostulate  with  this  spirit 
of  wanton  mischief.  We  will  be  amply  satisfied  if  they  induce 
an  examination  of  the  trifling,  but  pernicious,  volumes  to  which 
they  refer,  in  a  mood  different  from  that  which  the  author  as- 
sumes to  exist  and  has  laboured  to  gratify. 

We  ven*,ure  to  assert,  that  if  thus  viewed,  the  very  phrases 
which  Captain  Hall  has  put  into  the  moutiis  of  Americans,  to 
convey  an  idea  of  their  lofty  and  sanguine  pretensions,  and 
their  dislike  of  England,  will  bo  found  to  indicate,  with  the 
greatest  clearness,  the  existence  of  that  deep-seatod  feeling  of 
deference,  from  which  it  is  so  difficult  for  a  derivative  people 
to  disengage  themselves.  Thus  he  gives  us,  in  derision,  an  in- 
quiry made  of  him,  by  an  American  friend,  whether  we  were 
not  "treading  close  on  the  heels  of  the  mother  country;"  and 
again  at  Albany,  after  witnessing  the  proceedings  of  the  legis- 
lature, he  was  asked,  "  Do  we  not  resemble  the  mother  coun- 
try/ much  more  than  you  expected?  Can  it  be  seriously  thought 
that  such  language  would  find  its  way  to  the  lips  of  persons 
who  habitually  delighted  to  place  their  institutions  in  odious 
contrast  with  those  of  "  the  mother  country?"  Would  a  Pro- 
testant in  England  inquire  of  a  Catholic  from  the  Continent, 
with  an  expression  of  hope,  whether  his  principles  and  form  of 
worship  did  not  greatly  resemble  those  of  the  Church  of  Rome? 
Alas  for  the  temper  of  a  man  like  Captain  Hall,  who,  in  the 
sort  oi^liJ  questions  put  to  him,  can  see  nothing  but  a  spirit 
uf  vanity  and  intolerance! 

"  In  no  other  country,"  he  says,  "does  there  exist  such  an 
excessive  and  universal  sensitiveness  as  to  the  opinions  enter- 
tained of  them  by  the  English.  It  may  be  remarked  in  passing 
that  they  appear  to  care  less  for  what  is  said  of  them  by  other 
forbipners;  but  it  was  not  until  I  had  studied  this  curious  fea- 
ture m  the  Americans  long  and  attentively,  and  in  all  parts 
of  the  country,  that  I  came  to  a  satisfactory  explanation  of  it." 

In  another  place,  he  says,  "  I  remember  one  evening,  being 
a  good  deal  struck  with  the  driver  singing,  in  a  very  plaintive 
style,  *  Should  auld  acquaintance  be  forgot.'  I  afterwards 
led  him  into  conversation  about  our  common  country,  as  I 
thousht,  but  to  niy  surprise  I  fou.id  he  had  never  been  out  of 
North  Carolina,  though  his  feelings  appeared  nearly  as  true 
to  the  land  of  His  forefathers  as  if  they  had  never  left  it" 
Yet  Captain  Hall  is  obliged  to  resort  to  an  invidious  hypothe- 
sis to  explain  why  the  Americans  should  take  a  peculiar  in- 
terest in  the  opinions  entertained  of  them  in  "  the  land  of  their 
fore-fathers!" 


^^>.'  -  <iani'.iiii.c«  li  I II  'I'l  ititfIT; 


4 
i. 


HPi 


r 


n 


no 

Let  us  try  if  we  can  reach  his  heart,  by  supposing  for  a  mo- 
ment  that  the  amiable  little  personage  who  has  so  large  a  share  in 
the'  volumes  should  be  destined,  amidst  the  chances  of  fortune 
to  terminate  her  days  in  that  country.  Does  he  suppose  that 
ehe  could  speedily  forget  all  that  she  had  seen,  and  heard,  and 
felt  in  the  parent  land— and  has  he  yet  to  learn  how  those  feel- 
inss  pass  from  mother  to  mother,  and  from  nurse  to  nurse. 
Dobs  he  believe  that  through  a  long  course  of  years  she  would 
not  thrill  with  enthusiasm,  when  "  auld  lang  syne,"  recalled 
the  recollection  of  that—. 

"  Land  of  brown  heath  and  shagffy  wood, 
Land  of  the  mountain  and  the  flood; 

or  that  she  could  evex*  cease  to  exclaim — 

*«  Land  of  my  $ire*,  what  mortal  hand 
Can  e'er  untie  the  filial  band, 
That  bind*  me  to  thy  nigged  strand  >" 

And  if  a  future  Scotch  tourist  should  find  amongst  her  de- 
scendants, this  feeling  yet  alive— displaying  itself  in  the  warmth 
of  his  welcome,  and  in  anxiety  for  his  good  opinion— how 
must  CapUin  Hall's  indignation  kindle  at  imag:nmg  him  en- 
fffised  in  fiaming  some  stupid  and  malignant  hypothesis  to  ac- 
count for  all  this,  and  actually  converting  its  eJiistence  into  a 
subject  of  ridicule  and  disparagement! 

The  "unkindness''  of  which  he  speaks,  "  may  do  much, 
but  it  has  much  to  overcome. — 

"  Naturam  eipcUaa/ttroB  tamen  uaque  recurrct." 

Let  us  hope  that  juster,  and  more  gene(rous  sentiments,  may 
be  culUvated.  It  was  a  custom  of  the  States  of  Ancient  Greece, 
which  convoyed  a  beautiful  mora!,  that  the  memorials  of  their 
strife  should  be  of  perishable  materials,  and  the  Theban«  were 
iustly  rebuked  in  the  Amphictyonic  Council,  for  having  com- 
memorated in  brass  their  contest  with  the  Lacedasmonians  (Ci- 
cero Invent  Lib.  2.)  Surely  such  a  policy  oueht  not  to  be 
forgotten,  because  we  live  in  an  age  of  ChnsUanlty. 


THS   END. 


V 


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»8ing  for  a  mo- 
largc  a  share  in 
nces  of  fortune 
le  suppose  that 
ind  heard,  and 
low  those  fecl- 
urse  to  nurse? 
ears  she  would 
pe,"  recalled 


mongst  her  de- 
fin  the  warmth 
opinion — how 
fining  him  en- 
rpothesis  to  ac- 
ikistence  into  a 

lay  do  much," 


entiments,  may 
Lncient  Greece, 
norials  of  their 
s  Thebans  were 
'or  having  com- 
dxmonians  (Ci- 
ueht  not  to  be 
nlty. 


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